The French Civil Wars, 1562-1598

The French Wars of Religion tore the country apart for almost fifty years. They were also part of the wider religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants which raged across Europe during the 16th century. This new study, by a major authority on French history, explores the impact of these wars and sets them in their full European context.

List of maps

x

Preface

xi

List of abbreviations

xiv

Introduction

1

(2)

France around 1559

3

(26)

The frontiers

3

(3)

Population

6

(1)

The economy

7

(1)

Society

8

(2)

The mid-century crisis

10

(5)

Government

15

(5)

Taxation

20

(1)

The army

21

(5)

The nature of monarchy

26

(3)

Crown and nobility

29

(15)

Defining the nobility

29

(3)

The concept of honour

32

(2)

The great nobles

34

(6)

The provincial nobility

40

(1)

The nobility in crisis?

41

(3)

The rise of Protestantism

44

(20)

John Calvin

47

(2)

The threat from Geneva

49

(1)

Calvinism in France

50

(1)

The Social distribution of Calvinism in France

51

(4)

The Genevan missionaries

55

(2)

French Calvinism: geographical distribution and population

57

(2)

Henry II and Calvinism

59

(5)

Opening shots (1559--1562)

64

(21)

The Tumult of Amboise (March 1560)

66

(6)

The growth of Calvinism

72

(3)

The Catholic backlash

75

(2)

The search for concord

77

(3)

The massacre of Vassy (1 March 1562)

80

(5)

The first civil war (April 1562--March 1563)

85

(28)

Mobilizing for war

87

(2)

The Huguenot take-over of towns

89

(4)

Foreign intervention

93

(2)

Mobilizing the king's army

95

(1)

The siege of Rouen (28 May--26 October 1562)

96

(1)

The search for concord

97

(2)

The battle of Dreux (19 December 1562)

99

(6)

Funding the war

105

(1)

The Peace Edict of Amboise (19 March 1563)

106

(7)

The armed peace (March 1563--September 1567)

113

(20)

Opposition of the parlements

116

(1)

Le Havre recaptured (30 July 1563)

117

(1)

Charles IX's majority declared (17 August 1563)

118

(3)

Enforcing the peace

121

(6)

Charles IX's `grand tour' of France

127

(6)

The second and third wars (1567--1570)

133

(24)

The phoney peace

133

(8)

Funding the war

141

(1)

The Peace of Longjumeau (23 March 1568)

142

(5)

The third war (September 1568--August 1570)

147

(1)

The royal artillery in 1568

148

(2)

The battle of Jarnac (13 March 1569)

150

(2)

The war in the south

152

(3)

The Peace of Saint-Germain (8 August 1570)

155

(2)

St Bartholomew's Day and after (1572--1575)

157

(14)

Catholic anger

160

(3)

The massacre of St Bartholomew's Day (24 August 1572)

163

(3)

Effects of the massacres

166

(5)

From La Rochelle to Beaulieu (1572--1576)

171

(24)

The war in the south

178

(2)

Fraternal discord

180

(1)

The fifth civil war (November 1574--May 1576)

181

(1)

The defection of Montmorency-Damville (13 November 1574)

182

(3)

The provinces of the union

185

(2)

Funding the Huguenot war effort

187

(3)

Alencon's flight from court (15 September 1575)

190

(2)

The Peace of Monsieur (6 May 1576)

192

(3)

The sixth war (December 1576--September 1577)

195

(14)

The League of Peronne (1576)

195

(4)

The Estates-General of Blois (1576)

199

(7)

The sixth war (December 1576--September 1577)

206

(3)

The Catholic League (1578--1589)

209

(29)

Henry III: a controversial monarch

212

(2)

Anjou and the Netherlands

214

(2)

Provincial anarchy

216

(2)

The Catholic League

218

(9)

The War of the Three Henrys (1587--1589)

227

(4)

The Day of the Barricades (May 1588)

231

(2)

The Estates-General of Blois (1588)

233

(3)

The assassination of Henry III (1 August 1589)

236

(2)

The conquest of the kingdom (1589--1592)

238

(28)

The battle of Arques (21 September 1589)

239

(3)

Mayenne and the League

242

(3)

The battle of Ivry (14 March 1590)

245

(2)

The siege of Paris (7 April--30 August 1590)

247

(6)

The problem of the succession

253

(2)

The siege of Rouen (November 1591--March 1592)

255

(9)

The provincial stalemate (1592)

264

(2)

Conversion and peace (1592--1598)

266

(25)

Henry IV's conversion (25 July 1593)

268

(4)

The war against Spain

272

(3)

The siege of Amiens (April-September 1597)

275

(3)

The Edict of Nantes (13 April 1598)

278

(4)

The Peace of Vervins (2 May 1598)

282

(1)

The assassination of Henry IV (14 May 1610)

283

(1)

The last religious war (1610--1629)

284

(7)

Conclusion

291

(7)

Bibliographical essay

298

(11)

Genealogies

309

(4)

The later Valois

309

(1)

The house of Guise-Lorraine

310

(1)

The house of Montmorency

311

(1)

The house of Bourbon-Vendome

312

(1)

List of provincial governors, 1559--1598

313

(2)

Glossary

315

(6)

Index

321

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The French Civil Wars, 1562-1598

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials