Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics

For one- or two-semester courses in Electromagnetics.Widely acclaimed both in the U.S. and abroad, this authoritative text bridges the gap between circuits and new electromagnetics material.

Ulaby begins coverage with transmission lines, leading students from familiar concepts into more advanced topics and applications. Maintaining its student-friendly approach, this revision introduces full color and incorporates feedback from instructors and students.

KEY BENEFIT: Widely acclaimed both in the U.S. and abroad, this reader-friendly yet authoritative volume bridges the gap between circuits and new electromagnetics material. Ulaby begins coverage with transmission lines, leading readers from familiar concepts into more advanced topics and applications.

KEY TOPICS: Introduction: Waves and Phasors; Transmission Lines; Vector Analysis; Electrostatics; Magnetostatics; Maxwell's Equations for Time-Varying Fields; Plane-Wave Propagation; Reflection, Transmission, and Waveguides; Radiation and Antennas; Satellite Communication Systems and Radar Sensors.

MARKET: A useful reference for engineers.

Chapter 1 Introduction: Waves and Phasors

1-1 Historical Timeline

1-1.1 EM in the Classical Era

1-1.2 EM in the Modern Era

1-2 Dimensions, Units, and Notation

1-3 The Nature of Electromagnetism

1-3.1 The Gravitational Force: A Useful Analogue

1-3.2 Electric Fields

1-3.3 Magnetic Fields

1-3.4 Static and Dynamic Fields

1-4 Traveling Waves

1-4.1 Sinusoidal Waves in a Lossless Medium

1-4.2 Sinusoidal Waves in a Lossy Medium

1-5 The Electromagnetic Spectrum

1-6 Review of Complex Numbers

TB1 LED Lighting

1-7 Review of Phasors

1-7.1 Solution Procedure

1-7.2 Traveling Waves in the Phasor Domain

TB2 Solar Cells

Chapter 2 Transmission Lines

2-1 General Considerations

2-1.1 The Role of Wavelength

2-1.2 Propagation Modes

2-2 Lumped-Element Model

2-3 Transmission-Line Equations

2-4 Wave Propagation on a Transmission Line

2-5 The Lossless Microstrip Line

2-6 The Lossless Transmission Line: General Considerations

2-6.1 Voltage Reflection Coefficient

2-6.2 Standing Waves

2-7 Wave Impedance of the Lossless Line

TB3 Microwave Ovens

2-8 Special Cases of the Lossless Line

2-8.1 Short-Circuited Line

2-8.2 Open-Circuited Line

2-8.3 Application of Short-Circuit/ Open-Circuit Technique

2-8.4 Lines of Length l = nλ/2

2-8.5 Quarter-Wavelength Transformer

2-8.6 Matched Transmission Line: ZL = Z0

2-9 Power Flow on a Lossless Transmission Line

2-9.1 Instantaneous Power

2-9.2 Time-Average Power

2-10 The Smith Chart

2-10.1 Parametric Equations

2-10.2 Wave Impedance

2-10.3 SWR, Voltage Maxima and Minima

2-10.4 Impedance to Admittance Transformations

2-11 Impedance Matching

2-11.1 Lumped-Element Matching

2-11.2 Single-Stub Matching

2-12 Transients on Transmission Lines

2-12.1 Transient Response

2-12.2 Bounce Diagrams

TB4 EM Cancer Zappers

Chapter 3 Vector Analysis

3-1 Basic Laws of Vector Algebra

3-1.1 Equality of Two Vectors

3-1.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction

3-1.3 Position and Distance Vectors

3-1.4 Vector Multiplication

3-1.5 Scalar and Vector Triple Products

3-2 Orthogonal Coordinate Systems

3-2.1 Cartesian Coordinates

3-2.2 Cylindrical Coordinates

3-2.3 Spherical Coordinates

TB5 Global Positioning System

3-3 Transformations between Coordinate Systems

3-3.1 Cartesian to Cylindrical Transformations

3-3.2 Cartesian to Spherical Transformations

3-3.3 Cylindrical to Spherical Transformations

3-3.4 Distance between Two Points

3-4 Gradient of a Scalar Field

3-4.1 Gradient Operator in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates

3-4.2 Properties of the Gradient Operator

3-5 Divergence of a Vector Field

TB6 X-Ray Computed Tomography

3-6 Curl of a Vector Field

3-6.1 Vector Identities Involving the Curl

3-6.2 Stokes’s Theorem

3-7 Laplacian Operator

Chapter 4 Electrostatics

4-1 Maxwell’s Equations

4-2 Charge and Current Distributions

4-2.1 Charge Densities

4-2.2 Current Density

4-3 Coulomb’s Law

4-3.1 Electric Field due to Multiple Point Charges

4-3.2 Electric Field due to a Charge Distribution

4-4 Gauss’s Law

4-5 Electric Scalar Potential

4-5.1 Electric Potential as a Function of Electric Field

4-5.2 Electric Potential Due to Point Charges

4-5.3 Electric Potential Due to Continuous Distributions

4-5.4 Electric Field as a Function of Electric Potential

4-5.5 Poisson’s Equation

4-6 Conductors

4-6.1 Drift Velocity

4-6.2 Resistance

4-6.3 Joule’s Law

TB7 Resistive Sensors

4-7 Dielectrics

4-7.1 Polarization Field

4-7.2 Dielectric Breakdown

4-8 Electric Boundary Conditions

4-8.1 Dielectric-Conductor Boundary

4-8.2 Conductor-Conductor Boundary

4-9 Capacitance

4-10 Electrostatic Potential Energy

TB8 Supercapacitors as Batteries

4-11 Image Method

TB9 Capacitive Sensors

Chapter 5 Magnetostatics

5-1 Magnetic Forces and Torques

5-1.1 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor

5-1.2 Magnetic Torque on a Current-Carrying Loop

5-2 The Biot—Savart Law

5-2.1 Magnetic Field due to Surface and Volume Current Distributions

5-2.2 Magnetic Field of a Magnetic Dipole

5-2.3 Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Conductors

5-3 Maxwell’s Magnetostatic Equations

5-3.1 Gauss’s Law for Magnetism

TB10 Electromagnets

5-3.2 Amp` ere’s Law

5-4 Vector Magnetic Potential

5-5 Magnetic Properties of Materials

5-5.1 Electron Orbital and Spin Magnetic Moments

5-5.2 Magnetic Permeability

5-5.3 Magnetic Hysteresis of Ferromagnetic Materials

5-6 Magnetic Boundary Conditions

5-7 Inductance

5-7.1 Magnetic Field in a Solenoid

5-7.2 Self-Inductance

5-7.3 Mutual Inductance

5-8 Magnetic Energy

TB11 Inductive Sensors

Chapter 6 Maxwell’s Equations for Time-Varying Fields

6-1 Faraday’s Law

6-2 Stationary Loop in a Time-Varying Magnetic Field

6-3 The Ideal Transformer

6-4 Moving Conductor in a Static Magnetic Field

6-5 The Electromagnetic Generator

6-6 Moving Conductor in a Time-Varying Magnetic Field

TB12 EMF Sensors

6-7 Displacement Current

6-8 Boundary Conditions for Electromagnetics

6-9 Charge-Current Continuity Relation

6-10 Free-Charge Dissipation in a Conductor

6-11 Electromagnetic Potentials

6-11.1 Retarded Potentials

6-11.2 Time-Harmonic Potentials

Chapter 7 Plane-Wave Propagation

7-1 Time-Harmonic Fields

7-1.1 Complex Permittivity

7-1.2 Wave Equations

7-2 Plane-Wave Propagation in Lossless Media

7-2.1 Uniform Plane Waves

7-2.2 General Relation Between E and H 319

TB13 RFID Systems

7-3 Wave Polarization

7-3.1 Linear Polarization

7-3.2 Circular Polarization

7-3.3 Elliptical Polarization

TB14 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

7-4 Plane-Wave Propagation in Lossy Media

7-4.1 Low-Loss Dielectric

7-4.2 Good Conductor

7-5 Current Flow in a Good Conductor

7-6 Electromagnetic Power Density

7-6.1 Plane Wave in a Lossless Medium

7-6.2 Plane Wave in a Lossy Medium

7-6.3 Decibel Scale for Power Ratios

Chapter 8 Wave Reflection and Transmission

8-1 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence

8-1.1 Boundary between Lossless Media

8-1.2 Transmission-Line Analogue

8-1.3 Power Flow in Lossless Media

8-1.4 Boundary between Lossy Media

8-2 Snell’s Laws

8-3 Fiber Optics

TB15 Lasers

8-4 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence

8-4.1 Perpendicular Polarization

8-4.2 Parallel Polarization

8-4.3 Brewster Angle

8-5 Reflectivity and Transmissivity

TB16 Bar-Code Readers

8-6 Waveguides

8-7 General Relations for E and H

8-8 TM Modes in Rectangular Waveguide

8-9 TE Modes in Rectangular Waveguide

8-10 Propagation Velocities

8-11 Cavity Resonators

8-11.1 Resonant Frequency

8-11.2 Quality Factor

Chapter 9 Radiation and Antennas

9-1 The Hertzian Dipole

9-1.1 Far-Field Approximation

9-1.2 Power Density

9-2 Antenna Radiation Characteristics

9-2.1 Antenna Pattern

9-2.2 Beam Dimensions

9-2.3 Antenna Directivity

9-2.4 Antenna Gain

9-2.5 Radiation Resistance

9-3 Half-Wave Dipole Antenna

9-3.1 Directivity of λ/2 Dipole

9-3.2 Radiation Resistance of λ/2 Dipole

9-3.3 Quarter-Wave Monopole Antenna

9-4 Dipole of Arbitrary Length

TB17 Health Risks of EM Fields

9-5 Effective Area of a Receiving Antenna

9-6 Friis Transmission Formula

9-7 Radiation by Large-Aperture Antennas

9-8 Rectangular Aperture with Uniform Aperture Distribution

9-8.1 Beamwidth

9-8.2 Directivity and Effective Area

9-9 Antenna Arrays

9-10 N-Element Array with Uniform Phase Distribution

9-11 Electronic Scanning of Arrays

9-11.1 Uniform-Amplitude Excitation

9-11.2 Array Feeding

Chapter 10 Satellite Communication Systems and Radar Sensors

10-1 Satellite Communication Systems

10-2 Satellite Transponders

10-3 Communication-Link Power Budget

10-4 Antenna Beams

10-5 Radar Sensors

10-5.1 Basic Operation of a Radar System

10-5.2 Unambiguous Range

10-5.3 Range and Angular Resolutions

10-6 Target Detection

10-7 Doppler Radar

10-8 Monopulse Radar

Appendix A Symbols, Quantities, Units, and Abbreviations

Appendix B Material Constants of Some Common Materials

Appendix C Mathematical Formulas

Appendix D Answers to Selected Problems

Bibliography

Index

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