Fundamentals of High-Performance Concrete

High performance concrete is a key element in virtually all-large construction projects, from tall office and residential buildings to bridges, tunnels and roadways. The fully updated Second Edition helps professionals to understand the performance capabilities of these construction materials when selecting the type of concrete to use for particular projects. The author is one of the worlds acknowledged experts on high performance concrete.

Dr. Edward G. Nawy is a distinguished professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xvii

General Performance Characteristics

1

(26)

Introduction

1

(1)

Cement effects on concrete strength

2

(1)

Portland cement characteristics and content

3

(5)

Other hydraulic cements

8

(2)

Performance comparisons of various cements in concrete

10

(1)

Water/cement, water/cementitious materials, and liquid/cement ratios in concretes

11

(3)

Aggregates

14

(4)

Types of chemical and mineral admixtures

18

(5)

Summary

23

(4)

References

24

(1)

Problems

25

(2)

Permeability Effects on Performance of Concrete

27

(23)

Air voids and permeability

27

(1)

Permeability, diffusion, and sorptivity in concrete

28

(5)

Freezing and thawing action

33

(3)

Concreting in cold weather

36

(2)

Air-entraining agents

38

(2)

ACI recommendations on cold-weather concreting

40

(1)

Freezing and thawing effects on hardened high-strength concrete

40

(2)

Hot-weather concreting

42

(8)

References

47

(2)

Problems

49

(1)

Mineral and Chemical Admixtures in High-Strength High-Performance Concrete

50

(39)

Mineral Admixtures

50

(1)

Fly ash

50

(8)

Granulated graded blast furnace slag

58

(3)

Silica fume

61

(5)

High-reactivity metakaolin

66

(2)

Chemical Admixtures

68

(1)

Polymers

68

(7)

High-range water-reducing admixtures

75

(5)

Corrosion-inhibiting admixtures

80

(9)

References

84

(3)

Problems

87

(2)

Design of Concrete Mixtures for High-Performance Normal- and High-Strength Concrete

89

(34)

Scope

89

(1)

Strength requirements

90

(2)

Selection of constituent materials

92

(2)

Step-by-step procedure for selecting proportions

94

(1)

Flowcharts for proportioning mixtures for normal- and high-strength high-performance concrete

95

(2)

Mixture design for normal-strength concrete

97

(11)

Recommended proportions for high-strength high-performance concrete

108

(15)

References

120

(1)

Problems

121

(2)

High-Performance Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (Low-Density Aggregate Concrete)

123

(36)

Aggregate production

123

(2)

Aggregate properties

125

(2)

Proportioning, mixing, and placement

127

(9)

Creep and shrinkage of lightweight concrete (low-density aggregate concrete)

136

(1)

Durability

137

(1)

Thermal expansion and thermal conductivity

138

(3)

Carbonation in low-density aggregate concrete (lightweight concrete)

141

(1)

High-strength lightweight aggregate concrete in offshore arctic environments

142

(1)

Design of concrete mixtures for structural lightweight aggregate concrete (low-density aggregate concrete)

143

(16)

References

156

(1)

Problems

157

(2)

Long-Term Effects

159

(45)

Creep in concrete

159

(3)

Creep prediction

162

(5)

Shrinkage in concrete

167

(7)

Strength and elastic properties of concrete versus time

174

(4)

Serviceability: long-term considerations

178

(26)

References

201

(1)

Problems

202

(2)

Characteristics of High-Performance Concrete

204

(42)

Introduction

204

(2)

Concrete properties at early ages

206

(4)

Mature elastic strength expressions

210

(1)

Workability and cohesiveness

211

(4)

Permeability

215

(4)

Volumetric stability

219

(13)

Ductility and energy absorption

232

(5)

Constructibility

237

(2)

Bond to parent concrete

239

(1)

Abrasion resistance

240

(1)

Fire resistance

241

(5)

References

242

(3)

Problems

245

(1)

Micro-and Macromechanics of High-Performance Concrete

246

(44)

Historical review

246

(1)

Microscopic and macroscopic behavior

247

(1)

Micro- and macromechanics theories

248

(1)

Classical failure theories

248

(1)

Crack propagation theory

249

(3)

Fracture mechanics theory

252

(15)

Shear friction transfer in two-layer high-strength concrete systems

267

(10)

Confinement in high-strength concrete

277

(13)

References

286

(2)

Problems

288

(2)

Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites

290

(35)

Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

290

(1)

Historical development

290

(1)

General characteristics

291

(3)

Mixture proportioning

294

(1)

Mechanics of fiber reinforcement

295

(4)

Mechanical properties of fibrous concrete structural elements

299

(7)

Steel fiber-reinforced cement composites

306

(4)

Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites

310

(1)

Historical development

310

(1)

Beams and two-way slabs reinforced with GFRP bars

310

(1)

Carbon fibers and composite reinforcement

311

(7)

Fire resistance of polymer plastic composites

318

(2)

Prestressed concrete prism elements as main composite reinforcement in concrete beams

320

(1)

Summary

321

(4)

References

321

(3)

Problems

324

(1)

Economics of High-Strength High-Performance Concrete

325

(19)

Introduction

325

(1)

Principal factors affecting cost

326

(2)

Advantages of using high-strength concrete

328

(1)

Cost studies and comparisons

329

(9)

High-strength concrete in prestressed concrete bridge girders

338

(1)

Summary

339

(5)

References

343

(1)

Problems

343

(1)

Proportioning Concrete Structural Elements by ACI 318-99 Code: An Overview

344

(29)

Structural concrete

344

(4)

Structural design considerations

348

(6)

Reinforced concrete members

354

(12)

Prestressed concrete

366

(3)

Shear and torsion in prestressed elements

369

(2)

Walls and footings

371

(2)

References

372

(1)

Performance Control for Long-Term Durability: A Summation

373

(34)

Introduction

373

(2)

Concrete constituent materials

375

(4)

Corrosion inhibitors

379

(1)

Mixing water

379

(1)

Mixture proportioning for high performance

379

(3)

Constructability process

382

(4)

Serviceability considerations for long-term durability

386

(6)

Quality control and quality assurance

392

(15)

References

401

(1)

Additional Resources

402

(2)

Problems

404

(3)

High-Performance Concrete in the 21st Century

407

(12)

The new millennium

407

(1)

High-performance concrete construction needs

408

(3)

Design and rehabilitation considerations

411

(2)

Constructability considerations

413

(1)

Monitoring and cost evaluation

414

(2)

Expectations and conclusions

416

(3)

References

416

(3)

Appendix A Tables

419

(8)

Table A.1 PI unit conversion to SI units: general

420

(1)

Table A.2 PI unit conversion to SI units: load and stress intensity

421

(1)

Table A.3 PI unit conversion to MKS metric units

421

(1)

Table A.4 Chemical analysis by XRF of cement, fly ash, and silica fume

421

(1)

Table A.5 Physical properties of some heavyweight aggregates

422

(1)

Table A.6 Density classification of concrete aggregates

422

(1)

Table A.7 Typical solid wastes as aggregates for concrete

423

(1)

Table A.8 High-strength high-rise buildings

424

(1)

Table A.9 Mixture proportions of recent high-rise buildings

425

(1)

Table A.10 Concrete platforms in the North Sea

426

(1)

References

426

(1)

Appendix B Standards and Reports

427

(4)

Author Index

431

(4)

Subject Index

435

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Fundamentals of High-Performance Concrete

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials