Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Building

Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Building is the first textbook to merge principles, theory, and practice into an integrated workflow. This book introduces the technologies and processes of sustainable design and shows how to incorporate sustainable concepts at every design stage. This comprehensive primer takes an active learning approach that keeps students engaged.

This book dispenses essential information from practicing industry specialists to provide a comprehensive introduction to the future of design. This new second edition includes:

• Expansive knowledge—from history and philosophy to technology and practice
• Fully updated international codes, like the CAL code, and current legislations
• Up-to-date global practices, such as the tools used for Life-Cycle Assessment
• Thorough coverage of critical issues such as climate change, resiliency, health, and net zero energy building
• Extensive design problems, research exercise, study questions, team projects, and discussion questions that get students truly involved with the material

Sustainable design is a responsible, forward-thinking method for building the best structure possible in the most efficient way. Conventional resources are depleting and building professionals are thinking farther ahead. This means that sustainable design will eventually be the new standard and everyone in the field must be familiar with the concepts to stay relevant. Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Building is the ideal primer, with complete coverage of the most up to date information.

MARIAN KEELER, ASSOCIATE AIA, LEED AP, is a San Francisco-based green building consultant, formerly with Simon & Associates, and a specialist on healthful building materials.

PRASAD VAIDYA, LEED AP, is a Professor and Area Chair for Building Energy Performance at CEPT University in India, and Director at zenerG, a San Francisco-based consultancy that specializes in projects, programs, and policies toward sustainable net-zero-energy solutions.

Contributors xv

Acknowledgments xix

CHAPTER 1 The Integrated Building Design Process  1

What Is Integrated Building Design? 1

The Process 1

The Focus Areas: Energy, Resources, and Indoor Environment 6

CHAPTER 2 A History of the Environmental Movements  15

Roots 15

Grassroots Movements 17

The Industrial Revolution 19

The Modern Chemical Revolution 20

Twin Tracks of Environmentalism: Conservation and Preservation Movements 21

The Ecology Movement 24

CHAPTER 3 International Conferences and Treaties  27

The Club of Rome 30

The International Conferences 31

After Kyoto 35

CHAPTER 4 The Emergence of Green Building and Green Building Policy  39

Defining Green Building 40

The Roots of Green Building 42

Environmental Toll 43

Green Building Today44

The History of US Energy Policy 46

Green Building Codes in the United States 49

The Road to Green Codes 51

In Summary 53

CHAPTER 5 Chemicals in the Environment, Buildings, and Humans  55

Emission, Transmission, Deposition, and Immission 55

Pathways of Transmission 61

The Right to Know: Chemical Transparency 63

Green Chemistry and Building Materials 72

Rethinking Building Systems 73

Air Systems 74

CHAPTER 6 Fundamentals of Indoor Air Quality  79

Leon Alevantis, MS, PE, LEED AP

Why Is Good IAQ Important? 79

Contributors to IAQ 80

Types of Indoor Pollutants 81

Pushing the Envelope for IAQ Design 84

CHAPTER 7 Indoor Environmental Quality Issues  93

What Is IEQ? 93

Other IEQ Issues  103

Benefits of Good IEQ  104

CHAPTER 8 How Buildings Use Energy  107

Energy in the Life Cycle of a Building  107

Evolution of Buildings and Its Impact on Energy Consumption  107

Operating Energy Use Patterns  110

Heat and Heat Transfer Modes  111

Climate and Weather  114

Traditional Design Response to Climate  118

Occupant Needs  118

Conclusion  123

CHAPTER 9 Reducing Energy Loads  125

Predesign: Site Selection, Building Size, and Transportation  126

Site Analysis  126

Massing and Orientation  128

Building Envelope  128

Lighting  138

Plug Loads  141

Passive Design  142

Case Study: School in Damascus, Syria  149

CHAPTER 10 Energy-Effi cient HVAC Systems  155

Central versus Decentralized Systems  156

Decentralized Systems  156

Central Heating and Cooling Systems  159

HVAC Controls  165

Domestic Hot Water  167

Thermal Zoning and Impact of Architectural Design  167

Preliminary Design Guidelines  168

CHAPTER 11 Energy Modeling and Measurement  171

Metrics for Energy  171

Site Energy and Source Energy  172

Metering, Submetering, and Benchmarking  173

Energy Modeling  176

Energy Modeling Tools  180

Using Modeling to Drive Integrated Cost Estimation  183

CHAPTER 12 Net Zero Energy and Renewable Energy Systems  187

NZE Definitions  187

On-site Renewable Energy Generation  188

NZE Technical Potential  193

NZEB Design Issues  194

NZE at Community Scale  196

Utility Grid and Distributed Generation  196

NZE in Policy  198

Case Studies  199

CHAPTER 13 Climate Change and Resilience  207

The Science  208

CHAPTER 14 How Buildings Use Resources  223

What Are Natural Resources?  223

CHAPTER 15 Materials Selection and Product Certification  239

The Benefits of Healthy Skepticism  239

Materials Have Multiple Impacts  240

The Bases for Materials Selection  240

Making Contact with Technical Staff  244

Environmental Product Declarations  244

Emissions Testing  245

Product Certification, Rating, or Label  246

Tools: Putting It Together 250

CHAPTER 16 How Built Landscapes and Buildings Contribute to Water Quality and Conservation  259

Jamie Phillips and Kevin Conger, CMG Landscape Architecture The Urban Watershed: Watershed Function  259

National Water Policy  260

Pollutants of Concern in the Landscape  261

Urban Stormwater Management: Low�]Impact Design  263

Site Design: Primary Goals  263

Preservation and Protection of Creeks, Wetlands, and Existing Vegetation  263

Treatment Control BMPs  264

Water Conservation in the Landscape  269

Water Use and Energy Use in Buildings  270

CHAPTER 17 Sustainable Neighborhoods and Communities  275

Aaron Welch, Saneta deVuono-Powell, and Matt Raimi, Raimi + Associates What Are Sustainable Communities?  275

A Brief History of Sustainable Planning  276

History of Conventional Development  276

Components of Sustainable City Planning  287

Conclusion  301

CHAPTER 18 Rating Systems and Practice Tools  303

What Is a Rating or Certification System?  303

Living Building Challenge Mission  309

The WELL Building Standard by Delos  310

Regional Systems  312

Ed Mazria and the 2030 Challenge  315

Practice Tools that Drive the Rating System  316

CHAPTER 19 Life-Cycle Assessment  321

Definitions  322

Standards and Methodology  323

Components  324

CHAPTER 20 Waste Management and the Building Industry  337

Waste Impacts  338

Waste Cycles  339

Defining Waste  340

Waste Streams  340

Hospital Waste  341

Integrated Waste Management  342

Benefits of Construction Waste Management  343

Green Demolition  344

Incineration  346

Waste to Fuel  346

Best Practices  346

Diversion  348

Design for Disassembly  348

Construction Waste Management Plans 350

Other Job�]Site Waste Strategies 350

Zero Waste  353

Glossary 357

Index 363

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