Games for Actors and Non-Actors

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ISBN: 9780415267083 | 0415267080
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/25/2002

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Games for Actors and Non-Actorsis a unique piece of writing. Boal's Methods transform theatre into a democratic arena where the spectator becomes the 'spectactor', contributing ideas, taking over roles, and using theatre to confront problems such as sexual harrassment, poor pay, homophobia, and racism. For this first translation into English, Boal has included fresh material to make it the most up-to-date introduction to the techniques of Image Theatre and Forum Theatre available.Games for Actors and Non-Actorsis a valuable handbook of methods, techniques, games, and exercises, and is a genuinely inspiring work by the world-famous author ofTheatre of the Oppressed. It is designed to help anyone - whether actor on non-actor - rehearse for real life: make the fictional real.

List of figures

xxi

Translator's introduction to the first edition

xxii

Translator's postscript to the second edition

xxvii

Preface to the second edition: The Royal Shakespeare Company, theatre in prisons and landless peasants

(5)

Postscript -- with pride in our hearts

(5)

Preface to the first edition: the fable of Xua-Xua, the prehuman woman who discovered theatre

(6)

Postscript: actors and non-actors

(1)

Theatre of the Oppressed in Europe

(11)

Introduction

(1)

The Godrano experience: my first Forum Theatre in Europe or the ultimate spect-actor/protagonist!

(10)

Feminism in Godrano

(1)

The police again

(2)

The oppressed and the oppressors

(6)

The Structure of the Actor's Work

(19)

The primacy of emotion

(6)

Muscular exercises

(1)

Sensory exercises

(1)

Memory exercises

(1)

Imagination exercises

(1)

Emotion exercises

(3)

Rationalising emotion

(2)

A la recherche du temps perdu

(3)

The dialectical structure of the actor's interpretation of a role

(8)

The will

(3)

The counter-will

(2)

The dominant will

(1)

Quantitative variation and qualitative variation

(2)

The Arsenal of Theatre of the Oppressed

(2)

Introduction: a new system of exercises and games from Theatre of the Oppressed

(2)

Two unities

(1)

Five categories of game and exercise

(1)

I FEELING WHAT WE TOUCH (RESTRUCTURING MUSCULAR RELATIONS)

(42)

First series: general exercises

(20)

The cross and the circle

(1)

Colombian hypnosis

(5)

Minimum surface contact

(2)

Pushing against each other

(4)

Joe Egg (aka trust circle)

(1)

The circle of knots

(2)

The actor as subject': the Greek exercise

(2)

The actor as `object'

(1)

Lifting someone out of a chair

(1)

Equilibrium of the body with an object

(1)

A balloon as an extension of the body

(1)

Racing on chairs

(1)

Rhythm with chairs

(1)

Musical chairs

(1)

Movement with over-premeditation

(1)

Difficulties

(1)

Divide up the movement

(1)

Dissociate coordinated movements

(1)

Second series: walks

(4)

Slow motion

(1)

At a right angle

(1)

Crab

(1)

Crossed legs (aka three-legged race)

(1)

Monkey

(1)

All fours

(1)

Camel walk

(1)

Elephant walk

(1)

Kangaroo walk

(1)

Leaning-against-each-other walk

(1)

Strapped-feet walk

(1)

Wheelbarrow

(1)

As you like it

(1)

Imitating others

(1)

Third series: massages

(3)

In a circle

(1)

The movement comes back

(1)

Sea waves

(1)

The rolling carpet

(1)

Back massage

(1)

The demon

(1)

Fourth series: integration games

(9)

Person to person, Quebec-style

(1)

The bear of Poitiers

(1)

The chair

(1)

Leapfrog

(1)

The Brueghel game

(1)

Stick in the mud

(1)

Grandmother's footsteps

(1)

Millipede

(1)

Apple dance

(1)

Sticky paper

(1)

The wooden sword of Paris

(1)

American football (aka British bulldog)

(1)

Three Irish duels

(1)

Little packets

(1)

Cat and mouse

(1)

Homage to Tex Avery -- cat and dog(s)

(1)

The handkerchief game (aka the hat game, aka dog and bone)

(1)

Good day

(1)

Cadavre exquis (aka consequences)

(1)

The parachute

(1)

Balance with an object

(1)

Fifth series: gravity

(6)

Horizontality sequence

(1)

Verticality sequence

(1)

Sequence of rectilinear and circular movements

(3)

II LISTENING TO WHAT WE HEAR

(22)

First series: rhythm

(16)

A round of rhythm and movement

(1)

Game of rhythm and movement

(1)

Changing rhythms

(1)

The machine of rhythms

(2)

The Peruvian ball game

(1)

The clapping series

(1)

West Side Story

(1)

The Portuguese rhythmic shoes

(1)

The two brooms

100

(1)

The four brooms

101

(1)

Horseshoe rhythms

101

(1)

Circular rhythms

101

(1)

The big chief

101

(1)

The orchestra and the conductor

101

(1)

Rhythm dialogue in teams

102

(1)

Chain rhythm dialogue

102

(1)

Pretend Brazilian `Indians'

102

(2)

Lines of five

104

(1)

The president's bodyguards

104

(1)

Walk, stop, justify

104

(1)

Carnival in Rio

104

(1)

Bolivian mimosas

105

(1)

How many `A's in a single `A'?

106

(1)

Two by three by Bradford

106

(1)

Crossing the room

107

(1)

Circle of names of Belo Horizonte

107

(1)

Circle of rhythms of Toronto

107

(1)

Second series: melody

108

(1)

Orchestra

108

(1)

Music and dance

108

(1)

Third series: sounds and noises

108

(1)

Sound and movement

108

(1)

Ritual sound

109

(1)

Fourth series: the rhythm of respiration

109

(5)

Lying on your back completely relaxed

110

(1)

Leaning against a wall

110

(1)

Standing up straight

110

(1)

Breathe in slowly

110

(1)

Explosion

110

(1)

Breathe in slowly while lifting the arms

111

(1)

The pressure cooker

111

(1)

Breathe in as quickly as possible

111

(1)

Breathe in as slowly as possible

111

(1)

Breathe in deeply through the mouth

111

(1)

Breathe in with clear definition and lots of energy

111

(1)

Two groups

112

(1)

Breathe out, standing in a circle

112

(1)

One actor pretends to pull the stopper out of another's body

112

(1)

A, E, I, O, U

113

(1)

All the actors, standing facing the wall

113

(1)

Two groups of actors, facing each other

113

(1)

With their bodies in maximum possible contact with the floor

113

(1)

Lying on their backs on tables

114

(1)

Fifth series: internal rhythms

114

(1)

Rhythmic images

114

(1)

III DYNAMISING SEVERAL SENSES

114

(15)

The blind series

115

(12)

The point of focus, the embrace and the handshake

115

(1)

Noises

116

(1)

The imaginary journey

117

(1)

The glass cobra

118

(1)

One blind line, one sighted line

118

(1)

The magnet -- positive and negative

119

(1)

Swedish multiple sculpture

120

(1)

The vampire of Strasbourg

120

(1)

The blind car

121

(1)

What is the object?

121

(1)

The smell of hands

122

(1)

The figure-of-eight chicane

122

(1)

Goalkeeper

122

(1)

Friend and enemy

122

(1)

Draw your own body

123

(1)

Modelling clay

124

(1)

Touch the colour

124

(1)

The blind person and the bomb

125

(1)

Find the hand

125

(1)

The siren's song

125

(1)

Find a convenient back

126

(1)

The melodic hand

126

(1)

The sound of the seven doorways

127

(1)

Recognising the `Aaah!'

127

(1)

The space series

127

(2)

Without leaving a single space in the room empty

127

(1)

Instead of simply saying `Stop', the Joker says a number

128

(1)

The Joker says a number and a geometric figure

128

(1)

The Joker says a number and a part of the body

128

(1)

The Joker calls out a colour and an item of clothing

128

(1)

The participants run slowly

128

(1)

The participants touch each other

129

(1)

IV SEEING WHAT WE LOOK AT

129

(42)

The mirrors sequence

129

(7)

The plain mirror

130

(1)

Subject and image swap roles

130

(1)

Subject--image, image--subject

130

(1)

Everyone joins hands

131

(1)

The two lines form a curve

132

(1)

Symmetrical groups

132

(1)

The mirror breaks

133

(1)

Changing partners

133

(1)

The distorting mirror

134

(1)

The narcissistic mirror

134

(1)

The rhythmic mirror

135

(1)

Unification

135

(1)

The modelling sequence

136

(2)

The sculptor touches the model

136

(1)

The sculptor doesn't touch the model

137

(1)

The sculptors spread out around the room

138

(1)

The sculptors fashion a single sculpture together

138

(1)

Sculpture with four or five people

138

(1)

The puppet sequence

138

(1)

String puppet

139

(1)

String puppet with rod

139

(1)

Image games

139

(9)

Complete the image

139

(1)

Ball games

140

(1)

Boxing match

141

(1)

One person we fear, one person is our protector

141

(1)

Furnish the empty space

142

(1)

Atmosphere of snow

142

(1)

Building character relations

143

(1)

Characters in movement

143

(1)

Observation

143

(1)

Complementary activities

143

(1)

What has changed?

144

(1)

Tell your own story

144

(1)

The antiquated telephone exchange

144

(1)

Concentration

144

(1)

Animals

145

(1)

Professions

146

(1)

The balancing circle

147

(1)

The `Indian' in the city, the city dweller in the forest

148

(1)

Games of mask and ritual

148

(12)

Follow the master

148

(1)

Follow two masters -- who metamorphose into each other

149

(1)

Rotation of masks

149

(1)

Unification of masks

149

(1)

Collective creation of a mask

150

(1)

Addition of masks

150

(1)

Pushing the mask to its extremity and nullifying it

150

(1)

Following the master in his own mask

150

(1)

Changing masks

151

(1)

Mask exchange

151

(1)

The masks of the actors themselves

152

(1)

Substitution of mask

153

(1)

Separation of mask, ritual and motivation

153

(1)

Changing a whole set of masks into a different social class

154

(1)

Making the mask all-encompassing

155

(1)

Changing actors mid-ritual

156

(1)

A round of masks in different circumstances

156

(1)

Natural and ridiculous

156

(1)

Several actors on stage

156

(1)

The game of complementary roles

157

(1)

The politicians game

157

(1)

Exchange of masks

157

(1)

Exchange of roles

158

(1)

Fainting at Frejus

158

(1)

The designated leader

158

(1)

The clown of Amsterdam

159

(1)

The animals of Vienna

159

(1)

Looking first at one another and then at the same spot

159

(1)

159

(1)

The image of the object

160

(2)

The found object

160

(1)

The object transformed

161

(1)

The object created out of simple things

161

(1)

Homage to Magritte -- `This bottle is not a bottle'

161

(1)

The invention of space and the spatial structures of power

162

(3)

Space and territory

162

(1)

Inventing the space in a room

162

(1)

The great game of power

163

(1)

Chairs in the empty space

163

(1)

Where is my place?

163

(1)

Six chairs

164

(1)

Photographing the image

164

(1)

Games involving the creation of characters

165

(6)

Murder at the Hotel Agato

165

(1)

Cops and robbers

165

(1)

The embassy ball

166

(1)

The child's dream -- what I wanted to be when I grew up

166

(1)

The child's fear

167

(1)

What grown-ups wanted me to be

168

(1)

The opposite of myself

168

(1)

The two revelations of Saint Teresa

169

(1)

The fighting cocks

170

(1)

Catchphrases

170

(1)

What am I? What do I want?

170

(1)

The blank character

170

(1)

V THE MEMORY OF THE SENSES

171

(3)

Reconnecting memory, emotion and imagination

171

(3)

Memory: remembering yesterday

171

(1)

Memory and emotion: remembering a day in the past

172

(1)

Memory and emotion and imagination

172

(1)

Remembering an actual oppression

173

(1)

Rehearsal on the stage of the imagination

173

(1)

Extrapolation

174

(1)

IMAGE THEATRE

174

(43)

Image techniques: models and dynamisations

176

(27)

Image of the word: illustrating a subject with your body

176

(5)

Image of the word: illustrating a subject using other people's bodies

181

(4)

Image of transition

185

(1)

Multiple image of oppression

186

(3)

Multiple image of happiness

189

(2)

Image of the group

191

(2)

Ritual gesture

193

(5)

Ritual

198

(3)

Rituals and masks

201

(1)

The image of the hour

201

(1)

The kinetic image

202

(1)

The merry-go-round of images

202

(1)

Images of transition -- the technique in action

203

(3)

Examples from Europe

203

(3)

New Image Theatre techniques: the cop in the head

206

(11)

Dissociation -- thought, speech, action

207

(1)

The analytical image: the multiple mirror of how others see us

208

(3)

Somatisation

211

(1)

The circuit of rituals

211

(1)

The three wishes

212

(1)

The polyvalent image

213

(1)

The screen image

213

(1)

The image of the image

214

(1)

Four very simple demonstrations of embryos of Forum Theatre pieces, based on projected images

215

(2)

REHEARSAL EXERCISES FOR ANY KIND OF PLAY

217

(81)

Exercises with or without script

217

(3)

Improvisation

217

(2)

The dark room

219

(1)

One story told by several people

219

(1)

Change the story

219

(1)

One line spoken by several actors

220

(1)

Games of emotional dynamisation

220

(2)

Breaking the oppression

220

(2)

The oppressor's confession

222

(1)

Emotional warm-up exercises

222

(3)

Abstract emotion

222

(1)

Abstract emotion with animals

223

(1)

Abstract emotion, following the master

223

(1)

Animals or vegetables in emotional situations!

223

(1)

Ritual in which everyone becomes an animal

224

(1)

Stimulation of the dormant parts of ourselves

224

(1)

Ideological warm-up

225

(1)

Dedication

225

(1)

Reading newspapers

225

(1)

The evocation of historic events

226

(1)

Lessons

226

(1)

Exercises for the preparation of a Forum Theatre model or for the rehearsal of other kinds of theatre

226

(15)

Play to the deaf

226

(1)

Stop! Think!

227

(1)

Interrogation

227

(1)

The reconstruction of the crime

228

(1)

Analytical rehearsal of motivation

228

(1)

Analytical rehearsal of emotion

229

(1)

Analytical rehearsal of style

229

(1)

Opposite circumstances

229

(1)

Artificial pause

230

(1)

Self-interrogation

230

(1)

Opposite thought

230

(1)

Rehearsal of the cue

231

(1)

Two touches

231

(1)

Silence on set -- Action!

232

(1)

Invisible characters

232

(1)

Before and after

232

(1)

Transference of emotion

232

(1)

Slow motion

233

(1)

Sensory focus

233

(1)

Low volume

233

(1)

Exaggeration

234

(1)

Free-style rehearsal

234

(1)

Reconnaissance

234

(1)

Caricature

235

(1)

Swapping characters

235

(1)

Need versus will

235

(1)

The rhythm of scenes

236

(1)

Rashomon

236

(1)

Keep talking

237

(1)

The ceremony

237

(1)

Secret whispers

237

(1)

I don't believe you

238

(1)

Long Beach telegram

238

(1)

Holy theatre

238

(1)

Analogy

238

(1)

The tick-tock sequence

238

(3)

The Early Forms of Forum Theatre

241

(12)

Introduction

241

(1)

The rules of the game

242

(1)

Dramaturgy

242

(1)

Staging

243

(1)

The performance game

243

(2)

Examples of Forum Theatre

245

(8)

Agrarian reform seen from a public bench

245

(2)

The people judge a secret policeman

247

(1)

Leader at work, slave in the home

248

(1)

The return to work at the Credit Lyonnais

249

(1)

The nuclear power station

249

(4)

Forum Theatre: Doubts and Certainties: Incorporating a New Method of Rehearsing and Devising a Forum Theatre Model

253

(24)

Twenty fundamental topics

254

(23)

Oppression or aggression?

254

(2)

The style of the model

256

(2)

Do the problems have to be urgent or not? Should they be simple or complex?

258

(1)

Do we have to arrive at a solution or not?

259

(1)

Does the model of the future action need to be depicted or not?

260

(1)

Model or anti-model? Error or doubt?

260

(1)

The conduct of the Joker

260

(2)

Theatricality or reflection?

262

(1)

The staging

263

(1)

The function of the warm-up

264

(1)

The function of the actor

265

(1)

The repeated scene

266

(1)

Macrocosm and microcosm

266

(1)

How to replace a character without transforming it into another

267

(1)

What is a `good' oppression?

268

(1)

Who can replace whom?

269

(2)

How should a `model' be rehearsed?

271

(2)

Can a forum change themes?

273

(1)

Can people remain `spectators' in a Forum Theatre session?

274

(1)

When does a session of Theatre of the Oppressed end?

275

(2)

First Experiences with Invisible Theatre

277

(12)

Examples of Invisible Theatre

277

(12)

Sexual harassment

277

(3)

Queen Silvia's baby

280

(2)

Racism I: the Greek

282

(1)

Racism II: the black woman

283

(2)

Picnic in the streets of Stockholm

285

(2)

The audience's children

287

(2)

Artistic Creation and Divine Madness: A Meditation on Art and the Miraculous

289

(9)

Passion and art

293

(3)

The mad artist and the artist madman

296

(2)

Postscript: The Pedagogy of Fear -- Theatre and the Twin Towers: An Essay After 11 September, 2001

298

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Games for Actors and Non-Actors

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials