Gender and Leisure: Social and Cultural

This book presents a thorough investigation of the role of leisure as a significant site, and process, in the construction and contestation of gender relations. Grounded in current research data drawn from major research projects, and taking a post-structuralist feminist approach, this book offers an innovative theoretical framework and a wealth of significant new material for those seeking to understand contemporary gender relations.

Cara Carmichael Aitchison is Professor in Human Geography, University of the West of England.

List of figures and tables

viii

Acknowledgements

ix

1 Introduction

1

(7)

Introducing the social-cultural nexus of gender and leisure

1

(2)

Introducing the outline and structure of the book

3

(5)

2 Gender and leisure theory

8

(30)

Introduction: ways of knowing, seeing and believing

8

(2)

Social science and the philosophy of knowledge: contested ways of knowing

10

(3)

Positivism: a functional legacy

13

(2)

Phenomenology: a more meaningful approach

15

(3)

Structuralism: constructing social critiques

18

(1)

Poststructuralism: deconstructing cultural power

19

(2)

Feminist epistemology within the social sciences

21

(3)

Liberal feminism: reform from within

24

(2)

Socialist and Marxist feminism: the constraints of patriarchal capitalism

26

(2)

Radical feminism: the sexuality of oppression

28

(1)

Poststructural feminism: the cultural codes of modernity

29

(4)

Postcolonial and black feminist theories: marking a difference

33

(3)

Overview

36

(2)

3 Gender and leisure studies

38

(24)

Introduction: sociologies of leisure and leisure sociologies

38

(3)

Gender and contested definitions of leisure

41

(1)

Of time, work and gendered leisure

42

(1)

Recreating leisure as activity

43

(1)

Gender, leisure and the functioning of the social order

44

(1)

Gender and the relative freedom of leisure

45

(2)

Leisure studies: from structural to cultural approaches

47

(3)

Feminist leisure studies: the first two decades

50

(7)

Gender and leisure studies: the influence of poststructuralism

57

(3)

Overview

60

(2)

4 Gender and leisure places

62

(24)

Introduction: placing gender and leisure

62

(1)

Geographies of leisure and leisure geographies

63

(2)

Structuralist theories and spatialised feminism

65

(3)

Social and cultural geographies and gendered leisure space

68

(4)

Gender, leisure and the place of 'the gaze'

72

(2)

Poststructural theories of sex and gender

74

(2)

Gender, leisure and the place of 'the dualism'

76

(2)

From colonial to postcolonial and 'Other' geographies

78

(6)

Overview

84

(2)

5 Gender and leisure policy

86

(32)

Introduction: the politics of equity

86

(2)

A historical context to gender and leisure policy

88

(1)

Gender, leisure and policies of social inclusion

89

(2)

Gender, leisure and sport policy: the role of Sport England

91

(2)

Gender equity and national policy frameworks for sport

93

(3)

The Women's Sports Foundation: tackling inequitable structures and cultures

96

(6)

Local authorities and leisure provision

102

(2)

The privatisation of leisure services

104

(9)

Leisure plans and Local Cultural strategies

113

(3)

Overview

116

(2)

6 Gender and leisure education

118

(17)

Introduction: sociologies of gender and education

118

(3)

Theorising 'engendered education'

121

(2)

Curriculum development and engendered education

123

(3)

Research and engendered education

126

(5)

Building a model of gender scholarship in leisure, tourism and sport education

131

(3)

Overview

134

(1)

7 Gender and leisure management

135

(24)

Introduction

135

(2)

Defining the terms in studies of gender and management

137

(3)

Theorising gender (in)equity in management

140

(3)

Gender (in)equity in service sector industries

143

(5)

Professionalism and leisure management

148

(2)

Structures and cultures of (un)equal opportunities in leisure management

150

(3)

Gender equity and women's career progression in leisure management

153

(4)

Overview

157

(2)

8 Gender and leisure: the social-cultural nexus

159

(4)

References

163

(24)

Index

187

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Gender and Leisure: Social and Cultural Perspectives

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials