Genomic Regulatory Systems : In Development and Evolution

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ISBN: 9780122053511 | 0122053516
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/11/2001

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The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in recent years. Because evolution is such a highly debated topic, a biologically oriented discussion will appeal not only to scientists and biologists but also to the interested lay person. This topic will always be a subject of controversy and therefore any breaking information regarding it is of great interest. The author is a recognized expert in the field of developmental biology and has been instrumental in elucidating the relationship between biology and evolution. The study of evolution is of interest to many different kinds of people and Genomic Regulatory Systems: In Development and Evolution is written at a level that is very easy to read and understand even for the nonscientist.

Preface	p. ix
Regulatory Hardwiring: A Brief Overview of the Genomic Control Apparatus and its Causal Role in Development and Evolution
The Regulatory Apparatus Encoded in the DNA
The Genes and Gene Regulatory Components of Animal Genomes	p. 2
Overview of Regulatory Architecture	p. 7
Gene Regulatory Functions in Development	p. 11
The Regulatory Demands of Development	p. 11
Pattern Formation	p. 13
Terminal Differentiation	p. 16
Genomic Regulatory Sequence and the Evolution of Morphological Features	p. 18
Regulatory Evolution, and Evolution in General	p. 19
Bilaterian Phylogeny	p. 20
Inside the cis-Regulatory Module: Control Logic, and How Regulatory Environment is Transduced into Spatial Patterns of Gene Expression
Operating Principles for cis-Regulatory Systems that Mediate Developmental Specification Events	p. 26
Spatial Repression in cis-Regulatory specification	p. 28
Two Very Different Examples of Similar Import	p. 28
cis-Regulatory Design for Autonomous Modular Function	p. 35
The Generality of Repression	p. 41
Downstream of Specification	p. 44
Some Examples	p. 45
At the Beginning of Embryogenesis	p. 46
Polyfunctional Downstream Modules	p. 48
The "Power" of the cis-Regulatory Module	p. 49
Diverse cis-Regulatory Outputs from a Simple Input	p. 50
Direct Integration of Noncoincident Spatial Inputs	p. 52
A cis-Regulatory Logic Device	p. 54
Regulation of Direct Cell-Type Specification in Early Development
The Basic Package for Bilaterian Embryogenesis: Type 1 Specification Processes	p. 64
Regulatory Mechanism in Territorial Specification of the Sea Urchin Embryo	p. 66
The Definitive Territories of the Embryo	p. 66
Early Transcriptional Activation of Cell Type-specific Genes	p. 71
Initial Regulatory Processes	p. 74
Multiple Inputs for Endomesoderm Specification	p. 75
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Specification in Ascidian Embryos	p. 81
Territorial Specification	p. 81
Mechanisms and Pathways in Mesoderm Specification	p. 85
Caenorhabditis elegans: The Genomic Apparatus for Endoderm Specification	p. 92
Endoderm Specification	p. 93
The Network of Zygotic cis-Regulatory Interactions Required for Endoderm Specification	p. 96
Short Summary: Quality of Type 1 Regulatory Networks	p. 101
The Secret of the Bilaterians: Abstract Regulatory Design in Building Adult Body Parts
The Evolutionary Significance of "Pattern Formation"	p. 103
The First Step: Transcriptional Definition of the Domain of the Body Part	p. 105
Morphological Pieces and Regulatory Subpatterns	p. 110
Heart Parts	p. 110
Forelimb and Hindlimb Buds	p. 111
Transcriptional Domains in the Gut Endoderm	p. 115
Patterns in the Developing Hindbrain	p. 117
Appendage Parts and Transcriptional Patterns in Drosophila Imaginal Discs	p. 121
Glimpses of How It Works	p. 122
Transcriptional Domains and the Pattern Program for the Drosophila Wing Disc: Modularity and cis-Regulatory Inputs	p. 123
Patterning the Heart Progenitor Field in Drosophila	p. 129
Encoding Hindbrain Regulatory Patterns	p. 131
The Role of Signaling	p. 140
The Last Routines: Calling in Differentiation Programs	p. 146
Specification of Peripheral Nervous System Elements in the Drosophila Wing	p. 147
Installation of Cell Type-specific Differentiation Programs in the Pituitary	p. 152
Concluding Remark	p. 153
Changes that Make New Forms: Gene Regulatory Systems and the Evolution of Body Plans
Some Examples: Evolutionary Cooption of Genes to New Pattern Formation Functions	p. 158
hox Gene Functions and Cooptions of the hox Cluster Patterning System	p. 164
A Specific Case of A/P Patterning: How a hox Gene Does Its Job	p. 166
Evolutionary Changes in hox Gene Expression in the Arthropods	p. 167
Off the A/P Axis	p. 174
Colinear Expression of hox Genes in the Somatocoels of Sea Urchin Larvae	p. 178
Small Changes	p. 183
Evolutionary Origins of Body Parts	p. 188
Polarity in Body Part Evolution	p. 188
The Case of pax6 and Some Other Amazing Examples	p. 191
Concluding Comment: Conceiving Evolution as a Process of Change in Regulatory Gene Networks	p. 201
References	p. 203
Index	p. 245
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Genomic Regulatory Systems : In Development and Evolution

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