The Gilded Age Or the Hazard of New Functions

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ISBN: 9780135766798 | 0135766796
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 12/23/1996

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A very broad, balanced, accessible account of the Gilded Age (1865-1901) that includes all the recent scholarship on this period and offers a portrait of the economic, political, social and cultural history of the age. American resourcefulness is shown at its best and worst. Discusses how the conservatism of thought and radicalism of technological change remade the Gilded Age, and how society tempered the applications of each. So, too, are mainstream politics and religion. This is a rich, colorful narrative about a complex period in American history.

Introduction: Alive from Root to Core

xiii

1 Progress Backward, 1876

(11)

Centennial, 1876

(1)

Age of Invention

(2)

Hail, King Steel

(1)

The Rise of the City

(3)

The Limits of "Progress"

(2)

The Women's Crusade

(2)

Part One: The War Never Ends, 1865-1880

(44)

2 A New Stillbirth of Freedom?

(16)

War Becomes Revolution

(2)

Civil Rights: A Catalyst for Change

(1)

Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction

(2)

The Failure of Self-Reconstruction

(2)

The Fourteenth Amendment

(1)

Radical Reconstruction

(2)

Persistent Inequalities

(1)

"Let Us Have Peace": The Passing of the Radicals

(1)

A Loss of Faith in Government

(1)

A Less Manifest Destiny, 1865-1877

(2)

The Liberal Revolt, 1872

(2)

3 "Gentlemen, We Are Not Yet Over": Reconstruction

(15)

The Self-Emanicipation of the South

(1)

"Negro Rule"--So Called

(3)

"Redemption"

(3)

Hayes's "New Departure"

(2)

"Bulldozing" a Solid South

(2)

The Color Line Goes National

(1)

Redeemer Rule

(3)

4 Redeeming the Past, 1875-1898

(13)

The New South Vision

(1)

King Cotton Rules Yet

(2)

"The Mortgage Worked the Hardest...."

(3)

Bloody Shirts and Empty Sleeves

(2)

"The Old Flag and an Appropriation!"

(2)

The Power of the Past over the Present

(1)

From These Honored Dead We Take Increased Devotion

(2)

Part Two: The New World: America Transformed

(62)

5 Wasteland

(19)

Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show

(1)

Garden of the World?

(2)

The Unsettling of the West

(2)

The Frustration of Military Power

(1)

Victory over the Tribes Exacts a High Price

(1)

Killing Them "Decently": From Nations to Wards of the State

(1)

Civilization's Great Plow: The Railway Locomotive

(2)

The West the East Made

(1)

The Growth of the Cattle Industry

(3)

A Culture of Waste

(1)

The Killing Fields: The Road to Wounded Knee

(4)

6 Main Line to E Pluribus Unum

(15)

Railroads Lead Everywhere

(2)

Spanning the Continent

(2)

Railroads, New-Made

(1)

The Railroad Precipitates Regional Changes

(1)

Making a Mail-Order America

(1)

Big Business Comes to the Heartland

(1)

Financial Changes Lead to a Modern Stock Exchange

(2)

Consolidation and Cooperation

(3)

The Great Strike, 1877

(2)

7 Industrialism Unleashed

(15)

The Origins of Industrialization

(3)

Innovative Production Techniques Lead to Profits

(1)

The Oil Boom

(1)

Creating and Supplying National Markets

(1)

Advertising a National Market

(2)

The Persistent Problem of Competition

(1)

Vertical and Horizontal Integration

(1)

John D. Rockefeller and the "Oil Trust"

(3)

A Revolution in Buying Habits Ushers in a New Era in Retail

102

(3)

8 The Unhuddled Masses

105

(13)

Why They Came

106

(2)

How They Came

108

(1)

"My Disappointment Was Unspeakable": Harsh Realities

109

(2)

A New World on Old World Terms

111

(1)

Americanization

112

(3)

Enemies Within the Gates?

115

(1)

"Kearneyfornia": The Sandlotters' Revolt

116

(2)

Part Three: Tiger Passions: The Crisis of Capitalism

118

(61)

9 Opportunity?

118

(15)

Social Darwinism

119

(1)

Work and Win: The Success Myth

120

(2)

Who Rose?

122

(2)

Racial Prejudice Presents Overwhelming Obstacles

124

(1)

Gender Inequality in the Workplace

125

(3)

Itinerants as a Fixture of the American Landscape

128

(1)

Progress and Poverty

129

(2)

Challenges to Social Darwinism

131

(2)

10 More? Labor's Revolutionary Tradition

133

(16)

Labor's Loss of Control

133

(5)

The Rebirth of American Trade Unions

138

(1)

The Cause of One Is the Cause of All: Knight of Labor

139

(4)

Business Unionism: The AFL

143

(1)

From Brotherhood to Business: Growth and Change in the Labor Unions

144

(2)

The Lessons of Homestead, 1892

146

(1)

A Clash of Movement Cultures

147

(2)

11 Anarchy with Police

149

(15)

Haymarket Square, 1886

149

(2)

An Epidemic of Violence

151

(1)

Indigents as Society's Scapegoats

152

(3)

The Conservative Chill Touches Women's Rights Crusaders

155

(1)

The Perpetuation of Racial Inequality from 1887-1900

156

(3)

The Atlanta Compromise

159

(2)

Vigilanteism

161

(1)

Law at the End of a Nightstick

162

(2)

12 Salvation Armies: Self-Help and Virtue's Legions

164

(15)

Americans Express Their Faith

165

(3)

Scientific Philanthropy

168

(2)

The City as a Social Threat

170

(2)

Moral Reform

172

(2)

Frances Willard and the Temperance Movement

174

(2)

An Urban Culture

176

(3)

Part Four: Pure (and Not So Pure) Politics

179

(40)

13 "What Are We Here For?"

179

(15)

"The Palmy Days of Politics"

179

(2)

Big-City Machines Dominate Political Power

181

(4)

Liberal Reform and the Case for Civil Service Reform

185

(2)

To the Pendleton Act, 1871-1883

187

(5)

The More toward Bureaucracy

192

(2)

14 The Myth of Laissez-Unfaire

194

(11)

Do-Nothing Government?

194

(2)

The Many Constituencies for Active Government

196

(2)

The Selective Nature of Government Action

198

(1)

What Cities Did--And Didn't

198

(2)

Railroad Regulation

200

(1)

Whose Jurisdiction? The Blurred Boundaries of City and State Regulations

201

(2)

The Supreme Court and Regulation

203

(2)

15 Tariff Wars in the Billion-Dollar Country, 1884-1890

205

(14)

Tariff Issues Help Define Party Affiliation

207

(2)

The Presidential Election of 1884

209

(2)

Cleveland Tries So Hard to Do Right

211

(1)

The 1888 "Campaign of Education"

212

(1)

Billion-Dollar Politics

213

(3)

The Party of Moral Ideals

216

(3)

Part Five: Armageddon?

219

(74)

16 Vox Pop

219

(15)

"In Kansas We Busted"

219

(2)

The Farmers' Alliance Aroused

221

(1)

Populists: "The Ash-Heap of Failure?"

222

(1)

Populism: "The Robbers and the Robbed"

223

(2)

Shortcomings of the Populist Party

225

(2)

Free Silver

227

(1)

Currency Issues as Political Rallying Points

227

(4)

The Democrats Tack to a Populist Gale

231

(3)

17 The Second Cleveland's Administration

234

(16)

The Economic Boom Goes Bust

235

(2)

Silver Purchase Repeal

237

(2)

1894: The Terrible Year

239

(2)

The Pullman Strike

241

(4)

"Morganizing" the Railroads

245

(1)

The Rediscovery of Poverty

246

(1)

A New Breed of Urban Reformers

247

(2)

Social Reform Movements Proliferate

249

(1)

18 Cross of Gold

250

(13)

William Jennings Bryan and the "Cross of Gold"

251

(2)

The Battle of the Standards, 1896

253

(3)

The Populists Undone

256

(2)

A Jim Crow Electorate: Making a More Solid South

258

(1)

Anti-Fusion Laws and the Australian Ballot

259

(2)

Sport

261

(2)

19 The Ceremony of Innocence Is Drowned: Empire

263

(17)

"Cuba Libre!"

263

(3)

The New Colossus: Toward a More Assertive Foreign Policy, 1880-1895

266

(1)

Hawaii Knocks at the Gate

267

(1)

"A Splendid Little War" with Spain

268

(2)

Why Empire?

270

(2)

Guerrilla War in the Philippines, 1899-1902

272

(3)

"Stumbled and Sinned in the Dark": Anti-Imperialism

275

(1)

Retreat from Empire

276

(2)

Gunboat Diplomacy: The American Presence in the Caribbean

278

(1)

Epilogue: "The Right Is More Precious Than Peace," 1917

279

(1)

20 The Promised Land

280

(13)

The Advent of the Automobile: Americans Take to the Open Road

280

(1)

Scientific and Artistic Achievements Punctuate the Era

281

(2)

The U. S. Economy Matures: Export Exceed Imports

283

(2)

Progressivism

285

(4)

The Pattern of Racism Persist in the Twentieth Century

289

(1)

President Theodore Roosevelt Ushers In a New Era

289

(2)

Summary

291

(2)

Endnotes

293

(32)

Index

325

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The Gilded Age Or the Hazard of New Functions

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials