GIS for Sustainable Development

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ISBN: 9780849330513 | 0849330513
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/29/2005

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GIS for Sustainable Development examines how GIS applications can improve collaboration in decision making among those involved in promoting sustainable development. This volume reviews leading GIScience, providing an overview of research topics and applications that enable GIS newcomers and professionals to apply GIScience methods to sustainable spatial planning.Divided into three parts, the book begins with an introduction to the issues of sustainability, focusing on concepts concerning GIS adoption and use within public organizations that are planning development. Part II focuses on GIScience methods, which can be used to support sustainable development and solve environmental problems. Part III presents research projects and best practices relating to different areas of application within the field.This text provides the latest research findings, delivers complete references to related publications, and supplies you with a complete reference framework for each topic.

Introduction

GIS for Sustainable Development

(20)

Michele Campagna

Introduction

(1)

The Way toward Sustainable Development

(1)

Agenda 21: Putting Sustainable Development Principles into Practice

(1)

GIS for Sustainable Development

(2)

Requisites for GI-Based Collaborative Sustainable Development Planning Support

(3)

Solving Sustainable Development Problems with GIS

(4)

GIS for Sustainable Development in Practice

(4)

Conclusive Summary

(4)

References

(4)

PART I General Issues for GI Use in Planning Sustainable Development

The Rise of Cyber Planning: Some Theoretical Insights

(14)

Andrea De Montis

Introduction

(1)

Cyberspace, Virtualization, Ubiquity: A General Theory and Some Applications to Practice

(6)

Cyberspace: Starting from Information and Telecommunications Technology (ICT)

(1)

Virtual Versus Actual

(1)

Cyberspace and Economy: Disintermediation and Destructuralization

(1)

Cyberspace and New Job Descriptions

(1)

The Virtualization of the Government: Toward a Digital Agora?

(1)

Cyberspace, Architecture, and Planning

(1)

Cyberspace and Planning: Could It Be the End of Geographical Location?

(2)

Conclusion: Confronting Cyberspace and Cyber Planning to Sustainability

(5)

References

(4)

Theories of Digital Participation

(18)

Robin S. Smith

Introduction

(1)

Digital Participation

(2)

Notions of Participation

(2)

Issues

(2)

Audience

(2)

Outcomes

(1)

Methods

(3)

Conclusion

(6)

References

(3)

Metadata and Data Distribution

(16)

Benedicte Bucher

Introduction

(1)

Geographical Metadata

(4)

Metadata

(1)

Definition

(1)

Using Metadata in Catalogs

(1)

Geographical Metadata Models

(2)

Metadata Bases

(1)

Geographical Data Distribution Based on Metadata

(8)

Catalog Services

(1)

Existing Geolibraries

(1)

Interoperable Catalog Services

(1)

The Partage Experience at the Institut Geographique National (IGN)

(1)

Interfacing Users with Metadata

(1)

Answering a Need for Data

(1)

Answering a Need for Topographic Features

(1)

Answering a Need for User-Specific Features

(2)

Conclusion

(3)

References

(2)

GI-Based Applications on Public Authorities' Web Sites and Their Nonprofessional Users

(14)

Mette Arleth

Introduction

(1)

E-Government and Digital Management in Denmark

(2)

The Lighthouse in North Jutland

(1)

Different Groups of Users

(1)

What Is Known about the Skills and Knowledge of the Users?

(3)

How Can the User's Understanding of GI Be Investigated?

(3)

Log-File Monitoring and Tracking of User Behavior on GI-Based Web Sites

(1)

Questionnaires, Online and Paper Based

(1)

Qualitative Methods

(1)

Possible Outcomes of the Investigation

(1)

GI-Based Applications at the Regional Web Site

(3)

The Plot Owner Information System

(1)

The Rural Area Self-Service Application

(1)

The Digging-Up Self-Service Application

(1)

The 3D Application

(1)

Conclusions

(2)

References

(2)

Geographic Information as an Economic Good

(22)

Alenka Krek

Introduction

(1)

Characteristics of a Geoinformation Market

(2)

Properties of Geoinformation

(1)

Cost of Geoinformation

(1)

Transformation Cost

(1)

Transaction Cost

(1)

Geoinformation Market Structure

(1)

Cost-Based Pricing

(4)

Cost-Plus Pricing

(1)

Adaptive Cost-Plus Pricing

(1)

Target Rate of Return Pricing

(1)

Applicability to Geoinformation

(1)

Value-Based Pricing

(7)

Value in Economic Theory

(1)

Concept of Value Pricing

(1)

Implementation of Value Pricing

(1)

Conjoint Analysis

(2)

Geoinformation Market Segmentation

(1)

Differentiated Geoinformation Products

(1)

Self-Selecting Geoinformation Products

(2)

Price Dispersion

100

(1)

Conclusions

100

(7)

Acknowledgments

101

(1)

References

102

(5)

PART II GIS Research Perspectives for Sustainable Development Planning

Advanced Remote Sensing Techniques for Ecosystem Data Collection

107

(16)

Alexandr A. Napryushkin

Eugenia V. Vertinskaya

Introduction

107

(2)

RS-Based Thematic Mapping Methodology

109

(5)

General Concept

109

(2)

Imagery Interpretation Approach

111

(3)

Thematic Mapping Methodology Implementation

114

(7)

The RS Imagery Processing and Interpretation System ``LandMapper''

114

(2)

Application of ``LandMapper'' for Anthropogenic Ecosystems Research

116

(1)

Mapping Hydro Network and Urban Areas of Tomsk City

116

(2)

Landscape-Ecological Research of Pervomayskoe Oil Field

118

(3)

Conclusion

121

(2)

Acknowledgments

122

(1)

References

122

(1)

Spatiotemporal Data Modeling for ``4D'' Databases

123

(20)

Alexander Zipf

Introduction

123

(1)

Spatiotemporal Data Modeling

124

(1)

Topological Modeling of Three-Dimensional Geo-Objects

124

(2)

Modeling of Thematic Data: The Example of the History of a City

126

(2)

An Object-Oriented Model for Temporal Data

128

(3)

Temporal Structure

129

(1)

Temporal Representation

130

(1)

Temporal Order

130

(1)

Temporal History Type

131

(1)

Putting the Components Together

131

(1)

Integrating Geometry, Thematic and Temporal Model

132

(2)

Object--versus Attribute-Time-Stamping

134

(1)

Dynamical Extensions of Spatial Class Hierarchies with ``Aspects''

135

(3)

Conclusions

138

(5)

Acknowledgments

140

(1)

References

140

(3)

Spatial Multimedia for Environmental Planning and Management

143

(24)

Alexandra Fonseca

Cristina Gouveia

Introduction

143

(2)

Spatial Multimedia Key Concepts

145

(4)

Environmental Management and Spatial Multimedia

149

(13)

EXPO '98 Environmental Exploratory System: A Stand-Alone Application

153

(3)

Public Participation within the EIA Process: A Distributed Application

156

(2)

The Use of Environmental Data Collected by Concerned Citizens: A Mobile Application

158

(4)

Summary and Research Questions

162

(5)

Acknowledgments

163

(1)

References

163

(4)

Computer Support for Discussions in Spatial Planning

167

(14)

Claus Rinner

Introduction

167

(1)

Argumentation Theory and CSCW

168

(1)

Modeling Geographically Referenced Discourse

169

(3)

The Uses of Argumentation Maps

172

(2)

Existing Applications

174

(4)

The Road Ahead

178

(3)

References

179

(2)

Integration of GIS and Simulation Models

181

(12)

Andrea Giacomelli

Introduction

181

(1)

What Is a Geographic Information System?

182

(1)

Geographic Data

183

(1)

Tools

184

(1)

People

185

(1)

What Are Models?

186

(1)

How GIS and Models Integrate

187

(1)

How GIS, Models, and People Integrate

188

(1)

Discussion and Conclusions

189

(4)

References

190

(3)

Microsimulation and GIS for Spatial Decision-Making

193

(18)

Dimitris Ballas

Introduction

193

(2)

Spatial Microsimulation Methodologies

195

(4)

How GIS and Spatial Microsimulation Can Be Used for Decision Support

199

(7)

Conclusion

206

(5)

Acknowledgments

207

(1)

References

207

(4)

Using Geodemographics and GIS for Sustainable Development

211

(12)

Linda See

Phil Gibson

Introduction

211

(1)

Current Geodemographic and Lifestyle Systems

212

(2)

Building a Geodemographic System

214

(3)

Identify the Purpose of the Classification

215

(1)

Select the Data

215

(1)

Preprocess the Data

215

(1)

Classify the Data Using Cluster Analysis

216

(1)

Cluster Labeling and Interpretation

216

(1)

Application and Evaluation

217

(1)

Integration with a GIS

217

(1)

Building Customized Systems

217

(1)

Applying Geodemographics to Sustainable Development

218

(2)

Conclusions

220

(3)

Acknowledgments

221

(1)

References

221

(2)

Multivariate Spatial Analysis in Epidemiology: An Integrated Approach to Human Health and the Environment

223

(24)

Stefania Bertazzon

Marina Gavrilova

Introduction

224

(1)

Current Research in Health and Environment

225

(4)

GIS and Spatial Analysis in Human Health and Environment

225

(1)

Alternative Distance Functions

226

(1)

Spatial Regression Models

227

(2)

Methodology

229

(10)

Spatial Regression Analysis

229

(1)

Spatial Regression Expression

229

(1)

Spatial Autocorrelation

230

(1)

GLS Model

230

(1)

Contiguity Matrix

231

(2)

Spatial Autocorrelation Model

233

(1)

Computational Geometry Methods in Spatial Regression Analysis

233

(1)

Benefits of the Geometry-Based Approach

234

(1)

Non-Euclidean Metrics in Spatial Regression Analysis

235

(3)

Algorithm for Valuating the Extent of Spatial Dependence

238

(1)

Analysis and Applications

239

(2)

Heart Disease and Its Environmental and Socioeconomic Determinants

239

(1)

The Data

240

(1)

Model Specification

240

(1)

Discussion

241

(2)

Further Research Directions

243

(1)

Conclusions

244

(3)

Acknowledgments

245

(1)

References

245

(2)

Zone Design in Public Health Policy

247

(20)

Konstantinos Daras

Seraphim Alvanides

Introduction

247

(1)

The National Health Service Organization Structure

248

(2)

Modifiable Areal Unit Problem and Zone Design Systems

250

(6)

The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem

250

(1)

The ``Areal Units to Zones'' System (A2Z)

251

(1)

Checking Contiguity

252

(1)

Defining Objective Functions

252

(3)

Shape Constraint Methods

255

(1)

Designing Health Authorities in England and Wales

256

(4)

Conclusions

260

(7)

Acknowledgments

262

(2)

References

264

(3)

Tools in the Spatial Analysis of Offenses: Evidence from Scandinavian Cities

267

(20)

Vania A. Ceccato

Introduction

267

(2)

Preparing a Data Set for Offense Analysis

269

(3)

Quality of Data

269

(1)

Type of Technique and Application's Goal

270

(2)

Techniques for Detection of Spatial Concentrations of Offenses

272

(6)

Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering Technique

272

(3)

K-Means Portioning Clustering Technique

275

(1)

Hot Spots of Offense: Exploring Time Scale with Area-Based Data

276

(2)

Toward Explanations of Offense Patterns: Modeling Vandalism in Malmo, Sweden

278

(6)

Final Considerations

284

(3)

Acknowledgments

285

(1)

References

285

(2)

Sustainable Hazards Mitigation

287

(26)

Tarek Rashed

Introduction

288

(2)

Definitional Clarification

290

(2)

Vulnerability Analysis and Sustainable Mitigation in Cities

292

(5)

Vulnerability and the Urban Complex

292

(3)

Forms of Vulnerability in Cities

295

(1)

Human-Built

295

(1)

Human-Nature

296

(1)

Built-Nature

296

(1)

GIS and RS for Vulnerability Analysis

297

(4)

Limitation in Current GIS/RS-Based Vulnerability Assessment Models

297

(1)

Divergent Views of Vulnerability

298

(1)

Hazards-Specific Models

298

(1)

The Descriptive Nature of Current Models and Lack of Comparative Metrics

298

(1)

Lack of Policy-Sensitive, Long-Term Models

299

(1)

Examples of Recent Efforts Being Taken to Address These Limitations

299

(2)

A Proposed GIS/RS-Based Approach to Vulnerability Analysis

301

(3)

Summary and Concluding Remarks

304

(9)

References

305

(8)

PART III-A Learning from Practice: GIS as a Tool in Planning Sustainable Development Urban Dynamics

Urban Multilevel Geographical Information Satellite Generation

313

(16)

Sebastien Gadal

Introduction

313

(1)

Contribution of Data Satellites for Urban Geographic Information System (UGIS): Accuracies of Socioeconomic and Demographic Statistical Information

314

(2)

Interests of Remote Sensing Data for Geographical and Statistical Databases Generation

316

(1)

Space Imagery, Urban Dynamics, and UGIS

317

(1)

An Approach of Urban Dynamics by UGIS Satellite Data Generation

318

(1)

The Morocco Atlantic Metropolitan Area Example: The Available and Interoperable UGIS Question

318

(1)

A Multidimensional Approach

318

(1)

Technical and Operational Problems: The Information Paradigm Question

319

(6)

Conclusion

325

(4)

References

326

(3)

Urban Scenario Modeling and Forecast for Sustainable Urban and Regional Planning

329

(20)

Jose I. Barredo

Carlo Lavalle

Marjo Kasanko

Introduction

329

(3)

The Moland Project

330

(1)

Toward a Sustainable Physical Planning

331

(1)

Spatial Dynamic Systems for Urban Scenario Simulation

331

(1)

Methods: The Model for Urban Dynamics

332

(6)

An Application Case Study for Udine, Italy

335

(1)

Calibration of the Model

336

(2)

Results: Simulation Results Testing

338

(2)

Scenario Simulation for 2020 and Discussion

340

(1)

Concluding Remarks

341

(8)

Acknowledgments

343

(1)

References

344

(5)

PART III-B Learning from Practice: GIS as a Tool in Planning Sustainable Development Natural and Cultural Heritage

The Development of the Cross-Border Region of Hungary and Austria Analyzed with Historical Cadastral and Land Register Data

349

(18)

Susanne Steiner

Introduction

350

(1)

Project Area

350

(4)

A Brief Historical Overview

351

(2)

Land Management System in Austria

353

(1)

Land Management System in Hungary

354

(1)

Methodology

354

(1)

Previous Investigations and Results

355

(1)

Data Acquisition

355

(4)

Nonspatial Data

355

(1)

Conceptual Database Design

355

(2)

Spatial Data

357

(1)

Modeling the Cadastral Reality

357

(1)

Parcel-Related and Ownership Changes

358

(1)

Database Processing

359

(1)

Results

359

(3)

Land-Use Changes

360

(1)

Changes in Parcel Geometry

360

(1)

Ownership Changes

361

(1)

Problems Encountered

362

(1)

Outlook

363

(1)

Conclusions

363

(4)

Acknowledgments

364

(1)

References

364

(3)

Computer-Aided Reflexivity and Data Management in Archaeology

367

(18)

Anthony Beck

Assaad Seif

Introduction

367

(1)

Archaeological Data, Analysis, Theory, and Technology

368

(2)

Archaeological Data and Analysis: An Overview

370

(3)

A Brief History of Archaeological Informatics

371

(1)

GIS and Archaeology

372

(1)

Recording Systems

373

(2)

Data Generalization

375

(1)

Data Integration and Dissemination

375

(2)

Conclusions

377

(8)

Acknowledgments

379

(1)

References

379

(6)

PART III-C Learning from Practice: GIS as a Tool in Planning Sustainable Development Society and Environment

A Geographical Approach to Community Safety: A U.K. Perspective

385

(18)

Jonathan Corcoran

Bernadette Bowen Thomson

Introduction

385

(2)

The Importance of Geography

387

(1)

What is Community Safety?

387

(1)

Current Approaches to Community Safety

388

(1)

The Hascade Approach to Community Safety

388

(2)

Data Requirements and Issues

389

(1)

Technical Issues

389

(1)

Security Issues

389

(1)

Data Issues

390

(1)

The Hascade Model

390

(5)

Spatial Methods

391

(1)

Statistical Analysis

392

(1)

Results from Hascade

393

(2)

Discussion

395

(4)

Future Developments

399

(4)

An Integrated Deployable Solution

399

(1)

Increased Data Sets

399

(1)

References

400

(3)

GIS Application to Support Water Infrastructures Facilities Localization in Particularly Valuable Environmental Areas: The Eolian Islands Case Study

403

(14)

Giuseppe Cremona

Luisella Ciancarella

Introduction

403

(2)

Planning in the Eolian Islands

405

(2)

Land Use and Vegetation in the Eolian Islands

407

(1)

The GIS Application

407

(6)

Conclusions

413

(4)

References

415

(2)

Influence of Data Quality on Solar Radiation Modeling

417

(16)

Tomaz Podobnikar

Kristof Ostir

Klemen Zaksek

Introduction

417

(1)

Solar Radiation Model

418

(6)

Theoretical Background

419

(1)

Astronomical Parameters

419

(1)

Surface Parameters

420

(2)

Meteorological Parameters

422

(1)

Application Model of Solar Radiation

422

(1)

Astronomical Data

423

(1)

Surface Data

423

(1)

Meteorological Data

423

(1)

Results of the Modeling

423

(1)

Quality Evaluation of the Model

424

(4)

Influence of Astronomical Data

425

(1)

Influence of Surface

425

(2)

Influence of Meteorological Data

427

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

428

(5)

References

429

(4)

PART III-D Learning from Practice: GIS as a Tool in Planning Sustainable Development Public Participation

GIS Support for Empowering Marginalized Communities: The Cherokee Nation Case Study

433

(18)

Laura Harjo

Introduction

433

(4)

Geopolitical Context of Cherokee Nation

437

(1)

Cherokee Nation GeoData Center

437

(11)

Cherokee Language Preservation

438

(1)

Mapping Indian Graves

439

(2)

Salina Cemetery Reclamation

441

(1)

Place Names and Historic Sites

441

(1)

Indian Health

441

(1)

Methamphetamine Labs, Risk, and Protective Factors Research

442

(3)

Business and Policy Decisions

445

(1)

Native American Housing and Self Determination Act (NAHASDA): Formula-Negotiated Rulemaking

446

(1)

Arkansas Riverbed Authority

447

(1)

Conclusions

448

(3)

References

449

(2)

GIS and Participatory Diagnosis in Urban Planning: A Case Study in Geneva

451

(16)

Aurore Nembrini

Sandrine Billeau

Gilles Desthieux

Florent Joerin

Introduction

451

(1)

Public Participation and GIS

452

(1)

Proposal for a Participatory Process in Saint-Jean, Geneva

453

(4)

Objectives and Motivation

453

(1)

Context

453

(1)

Organization and Planning of the Saint-Jean Experiment

454

(1)

The Four Phases in the Neighborhood Diagnosis

455

(1)

Phase 1: Identify Concerns

455

(1)

Phase 2: Define the Issues

456

(1)

Phase 3: Evaluate the Importance of Concerns

456

(1)

Phase 4: Formulation of the Neighborhood Diagnosis

456

(1)

Use of Spatial Indicators

457

(6)

Role of Indicators

457

(1)

Definition of Indicators

458

(1)

Computation and Use of Indicators

459

(1)

Proximity Level

460

(2)

Representation

462

(1)

Use of GIS in the Process

462

(1)

Discussion and Conclusion

463

(4)

References

464

(3)

Visualizing Alternative Urban Futures: Using Spatial Multimedia to Enhance Community Participation and Policymaking

467

(22)

Laxmi Ramasubramanian

Aimee C. Quinn

Introduction

468

(1)

Oak Park, Illinois---An Urban Village

469

(5)

Background and History

469

(2)

Planning in Oak Park

471

(3)

Project Description

474

(5)

Scope and Goals

474

(1)

Principles of Civic Engagement

474

(1)

Working from the Bottom Up

474

(1)

Working from the Inside Out

475

(1)

The UIC Process in Practice

476

(1)

Soliciting Participation and Communicating Project Information

476

(1)

Meeting Citizens

476

(3)

Innovations in Computer-Mediated Communication and Visualization

479

(3)

What Is Visualization?

479

(1)

Why Use Electronic Visualization Tools?

479

(1)

Interactive Digital Applications Used in the Project

480

(1)

Online Visual Preference Surveys

480

(1)

Navigational and Representational Applications

481

(1)

Annotated Maps

481

(1)

Planning Portal

481

(1)

Online Planning Tools

482

(1)

Sketch Tools

482

(1)

Oak Park Community Mapping

482

(1)

Benefits and Constraints Associated with the Use of Digital Technologies

482

(1)

Conclusions

483

(6)

Acknowledgments

485

(1)

References

485

(4)

PART III-E Learning from Practice: GIS as a Tool in Planning Sustainable Development SDI and Public Administration

SITAD: Building a Local Spatial Data Infrastructure in Italy

489

(12)

Piergiorgio Cipriano

Introduction

489

(1)

The Need for Spatial Data Infrastructures

489

(1)

SDIs at Regional Scale: An Early Experience in Piemonte (Italy)

490

(3)

Metadata Catalog and Services: Publish, Search, Retrieve, and Access Geographic Information

493

(2)

The ``Metadata Issue''

495

(1)

Business and Social Benefits

496

(2)

Lessons Learned and Further Developments

498

(3)

References

499

(2)

Local GIS: Implementing the Urban Spatial Enabled Information System

501

(18)

Walter Oostdam

Introduction

502

(1)

The USEIS

503

(1)

The Major Components of the USEIS

503

(1)

Internet Capability

504

(1)

The GIS-Bestemmingen Project as a Pilot for the Implementation of the USEIS

504

(8)

Relationship between GIS-Bestemmingen and ``Geonet''

504

(1)

Information in GIS-Bestemmingen

505

(1)

Information Stored at the Document Side

505

(1)

Type of Documents

506

(1)

Format of Documents

506

(1)

Storage of Documents

507

(1)

Handling of Documents

507

(2)

Information Stored at the GIS Component

509

(3)

Required Customization

512

(1)

User Rights in the USEIS

513

(1)

Extending the Pilot GIS-Bestemmingen to the USEIS

514

(1)

Reasons for Establishing the USEIS

515

(2)

Management Support

515

(1)

Organizational Changes

516

(1)

Technical Prerequisites

516

(1)

External Catalysts

517

(1)

Conclusion

517

(2)

References

518

(1)

Index

519

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GIS for Sustainable Development

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials