God

Including over one hundred and fifty pages of new material, a new introduction, enhanced headnotes, and an updated list of further readings, this significantly expanded anthology provides a rich selection of traditional and modern works that reflect the many ways in which philosophers have attempted to address the question of the existence of God.

Preface for Instructors

ix

Introduction for Students

xv

I. Arguments for God's Existence

1

(112)

``God Above Reason,'' from On Free Choice of the Will

1

(16)

Augustine

``The Ontological Argument,'' from Proslogion

17

(13)

Anselm

Gaunilo

``The Five Ways,'' from Summa Theologica

30

(7)

Thomas Aquinas

``The Teleological Argument,'' from Natural Theology

37

(19)

William Paley

``Philosophical and Scientific Pointers to Creatio ex Nihilo''

56

(18)

William Lane Craig

``Religion and the Queerness of Morality''

74

(16)

George I. Mavrodes

``Moral Arguments for Theistic Belief''

90

(23)

Robert Merrihew Adams

II. Criticisms

113

(50)

``Critique of the Traditional Arguments,'' from Why I Am Not a Christian

113

(8)

Bertrand Russell

``Anthropomorphism,'' from Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

121

(13)

David Hume

``The Existence of God''

134

(16)

J.J.C. Smart

``The `Big Bang' Argument for the Existence of God''

150

(13)

Theodore Schick, Jr.

III. Arguments Against, with Replies

163

(90)

``Some Puzzles Concerning Omnipotence''

163

(4)

George I. Mavrodes

``Omniscience and Immutability''

167

(15)

Norman Kretzmann

``Omniscience and Human Freedom,'' from Consolation of Philosophy

182

(14)

Boethius

``God and Human Attitudes''

196

(16)

James Rachels

Concerning the Nature of Good, Against the Manichaeans

212

(12)

Augustine

``Evil and a Finite God,'' from Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

224

(6)

David Hume

``Evil and Omnipotence''

230

(15)

J. L. Mackie

``The Vale of Soul-Making,'' from Evil and the God of Love

245

(8)

John Hick

IV. The Nature of Religion

253

(56)

``Religion and Power,'' from On the Genealogy of Morals, The Gay Science, and Beyond Good and Evil

253

(9)

Friedrich Nietzsche

``The Psychological Origins of Religion,'' from Totem and Taboo, The Future of an Illusion, and Civilization and Its Discontents

262

(15)

Sigmund Freud

``The Reality of the Unseen,'' from The Varieties of Religious Experience

277

(8)

William James

``The Idea of the Holy,'' from The Idea of the Holy

285

(14)

Rudolf Otto

``The Phenomenology of Religion,'' from The Myth of the Eternal Return

299

(10)

Mircea Eliade

V. A Godless World

309

(19)

``Atheistic Existentialism,'' from Existentialism and Human Emotions

309

(8)

Jean-Paul Sartre

``Absurd,'' from The Myth of Sisyphus

317

(11)

Albert Camus

VI. Alternative Strategies

328

(80)

``Reconceiving God,'' from Omnipotence and Other Theological Mistakes

328

(12)

Charles Hartshorne

``Theology and Falsification''

340

(11)

Antony Flew

R. M. Hare

Basil Mitchell

``Is Belief in God Properly Basic?''

351

(13)

Alvin Plantinga

``The Wager,'' from Pensees

364

(5)

Blaise Pascal

``The Will to Believe,'' from Pragmatism and Other Essays

369

(15)

William James

``Signals of Transcendence,'' from A Rumor of Angels

384

(13)

Peter Berger

``I and Thou,'' from I and Thou

397

(11)

Martin Buber

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