Government by the People, 2012, Election

Explore American politics through the Constitution Government by the People, 2012 Election Editioncontinues a tradition of excellence by offering the most classroom-tested introduction to the foundational principles, processes, and institutions of American government. Emphasizing the accomplishments of a government of the people, by the people, and for the people, this text highlights the central role people play in a constitutional democracy. Government by the Peopleinspires students to see how similarities and differences in political beliefs continue to shape government today. This text features full integration with the New MyPoliSciLab. MyPoliSciLab includes a wide array of resources to encourage students to look at American politics like a political scientist and analyze current political issues. Political Explorer lets students play the role of a political scientist by investigating issues through interactive data. Core Concept videos discuss the big ideas in each chapter and apply them to key political issues. Simulations allow students to experience how political leaders make decisions. A better teaching and learning experience This program provides a better teaching and learning experiencefor you and your students. Here's how: Personalize LearningThe New MyPoliSciLab delivers proven results in helping students succeed, provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals. MyPoliSciLab is now compatible with BlackBoard! Engage StudentsThe stunning visual design engages students in the text. Improve Critical Thinking Learning objectives in every chapter help students focus on important topics. Analyze Current EventsCoverage of the 2012 elections keeps the study of politics relevant and shows how political scientists look at the development of the American political system. Support InstructorsA full supplements package including the Class Preparation Tool in the New MyPoliSciLab is available. Note:MyPoliSciLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyPoliSciLab, please visit:www.mypoliscilab.comor you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MyPoliSciLab (at no additional cost): ValuePack ISBN-10: 0205950086/ ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205950089.

David B. Magleby is a Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Senior Research Fellow at the Center for the Study of Elections and Democracy at Brigham Young University (BYU). He is nationally recognized for his expertise on direct democracy, voting behavior, and campaign finance. Dave is also the recipient of many teaching awards, including the 1990 Utah Professor of the Year Award, the 2001 Rowman & Littlefield Award for Innovative Teaching in Political Science, and several department and university awards.

Paul C. Light is the Paulette Goddard Professor of Public Service at New York University’s Wagner School of Public Service. He has worked on Capitol Hill as a senior committee staffer in the U.S. Senate and as an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellow in the U.S. House of Representatives. Paul is the founding director of the Brookings Institution’s Center for Public Service and continues his research on how to invite Americans to serve their communities through public service.

Christine L. Nemacheck is the Alumni Memorial Distinguished Associate Professor of Government at The College of William & Mary. Her research focuses on judicial selection and the role of the courts in a separation-of-powers system. Chris has received a number of awards for her teaching and research activity, including the Alumni Fellowship Award for excellence in teaching at The College of William & Mary.

1. Full Table of Contents

2. Brief Table of Contents

1. Brief Table of Contents

Introduction: Government by the People

PART I: CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES

Chapter 1: Constitutional Democracy
Chapter 2: Constitutional Foundations
Chapter 3: American Federalism

PART II: THE POLITICAL PROCESS

Chapter 4: The American Political Landscape
Chapter 5: Interest Groups
Chapter 6: Political Parties
Chapter 7: Public Opinion, Ideology, Participation, and Voting
Chapter 8: Campaigns and Elections
Chapter 9: The Media and U.S. Politics

PART III: POLICY MAKING INSTITUTIONS

Chapter 10: Congress
Chapter 11: The Presidency
Chapter 12: The Federal Bureaucracy and the Public Policy Process
Chapter 13: The Judiciary

PART IV: RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES

Chapter 14: Civil Liberties
Chapter 15: Civil Rights

PART V: THE POLITICS OF NATIONAL POLICY

Chapter 16: Making Economic Policy
Chapter 17: Making Social Policy
Chapter 18: Making Foreign and Defense Policy
Conclusion: Sustaining Constitutional Democracy

2. Full Table of Contents

Introduction. Government by the People

The Idea of America

A Distinctive Constitutional Democracy

Government Of, By, and For the People

Of the People. Diversity in America: From the Mayflower to Today

By the People. Making A Difference Geoffrey Canada And The Harlem Children’s Zone

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Making Government by the People More of a Reality

The Global Community: Opinions of the United States

Conclusion

PART I: CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES

Chapter 1. Constitutional Democracy

U.S. Government and Politicians in Context

Defining Democracy

You Will Decide: Should The United States Adopt A National Initiative Process?

The Global Community: Importance of Freedoms

The Roots of the American Constitutional Experiment

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Creating a Lasting Government

The Constitutional Convention Of 1787

Of the People. Diversity in America: The Constitutional Convention

To Adopt or Not to Adopt?

By the People. Making a Difference: Becoming an American Citizen

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Candidate for Congress

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: How Long Did It Take To Ratify The Constitution?

Chapter 2. Constitutional Foundations

Views of the Constitution

By the People. Making a Difference: Celebrate Constitution Day

Checking Power with Power

The Global Community: Increasing Concern over Government Control

Judicial Review and the “Guardians of the Constitution”

Informal Change: The Unwritten Constitution

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavor: Establishing a Durable Constitution

You Will Decide: Should We Interpret The Constitution According To Original Intent?

Changing the Letter of the Constitution

Of the People. Diversity in America: Women in the Workforce after the Era

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Founder

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: How Do You Measure Freedom?

Chapter 3. American Federalism

Defining Federalism

The Global Community: Global Opinion on the Role of Government

Of the People. Diversity in America: Where Americans Come From and Where They Live

The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism

You Will Decide: Should Citizens Have The Right To Choose Their Time To Die?

The National Courts and Federalism

The National Budget as a Tool of Federalism

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Helping States Educate Their Children

By the People. Making a Difference: Do a Data Mash-Up on Your State Unfunded Mandates

The Politics of Federalism

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Which States Win Or Lose The Federal Aid Game?

PART II: THE POLITICAL PROCESS

Chapter 4. The American Political Landscape

An Exceptional America

Geography and National Identity

Global Community: Immigration Attitudes

Where We Live

Who We Are

Of the People. Diversity in America: A More Diverse Population

You Will Decide: Who Should The Census Count?

By the People. Making a Difference: Literacy

How Much We Own

For the People. Government's Greatest Endeavors: Access for the Disabled

Unity in a Land Of Diversity

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a City Council Member

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Can You Get Ahead In America?

Chapter 5. Interest Groups

Interest Groups Past and Present: The “Mischiefs of Faction”

Types of Interest Groups

Global Community: Global Warming

Characteristics and Power of Interest Groups

The Influence of Lobbyists

Of the People. Diversity in America: Breaking Into a Male-Dominated Profession

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Disclosure of Lobbyist Activity

Money and Politics

You Will Decide: Should Corporations And Unions Be Unlimited In Running Campaign Ads?

How Much Do Interest Groups Influence Elections And Legislation?

By the People. Making a Difference: Lobbying For Education Policy

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Lobbyist

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Can Interest Groups Buy Public Policy?

Chapter 6. Political Parties

What Parties Do For Democracy

The Global Community: A Competitive Two-Party System

You Will Decide: Is A Vote For A Third Party Candidate Wasted?

A Brief History of American Political Parties

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Secret Ballots

American Parties Today

Of the People. Diversity in America: Portrait of the Electorate

How Parties Raise and Spend Money

Are The Political Parties Dying?

By the People. Making a Difference: Party Politics on Campus

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Voter

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Which Party Governs Better?

Chapter 7. Public Opinion, Ideology, Participation, and Voting

Forming Political Opinions and Values

Public Opinion: Taking the Pulse of the People

Political Ideology and Attitudes toward Government

Participation: Translating Opinions into Action

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Helping America Vote

By the People. Making a Difference Be a Poll Worker

Of the People. Diversity in America: Voter Turnout by Demographic Factors

Voting Choices

The Global Community: Corruption among Political Leaders

You Will Decide: Should We Allow Voting On The Internet?

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Voting Registration Volunteer

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: How Are People Involved In Politics?

Chapter 8. Campaigns and Elections

Elections: The Rules of the Game

Counting Votes

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Expanding the Electorate

Running For Congress

The Global Community: Who Makes The Better Political Leader?

Running For President

You Will Decide: National Presidential Primary?

Of the People. Diversity in America: Diversity among National Convention Delegates

Money in U.S. Elections

Improving Elections

By the People. Making a Difference: Volunteering For a Campaign

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Campaign Strategist

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Is The Electoral College Democratic?

Chapter 9. The Media and U.S. Politics

The Influence of the Media on Politics

The Global Community: Popular Sources for News

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Creating the Internet

The Changing Role of the U.S. News Media

Of the People. Diversity in America: Toward A More Diverse Media

The Media and Public Opinion

By the People. Making a Difference: Citizen Media

The Media and Elections

You Will Decide: Should The Internet Be Regulated?

The Media and Governance

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Newspaper Editor

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Where Do You Get Your Political News?

PART III: POLICY MAKING INSTITUTIONS

Chapter 10. Congress

Congressional Elections

Of the People. Diversity in America: Members of Congress

The Structure and Powers of Congress

Congressional Leadership and Committees

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Building a Strong Defense

The Global Community: How the World Views the Need F or Strong Leaders

How a Bill Becomes a Law

The Job of the Legislator

You Will Decide: Should Congress Create a College Football Playoff

By the People. Making a Difference: Staying In Touch With Congress

An Assessment of Congress

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Consumer Advocate

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Can Congress Get Anything Done?

Chapter 11. The Presidency

The Structure and Powers of the Presidency

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Reducing Nuclear Weapons

You Will Decide: Should The Two-Term Limit Be Repealed?

Controversies in Presidential Power

Managing the Presidency

Of the People. Diversity In America: The President’s Cabinet

The President’s Job

The Global Community: Opinions of Barack Obama

Congress and the Presidency

By the People Making a Difference: Public Service through the White House Blog

Judging Presidents

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a First-Term President

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: What Influences The President's Public Approval?

Chapter 12. The Federal Bureaucracy and the Public Policy Process

Understanding the Federal Bureaucracy: Constitutional Origins, Organizations, and Employees

Of the People. Diversity in America the Federal Workforce

The Job of the Federal Bureaucracy

Controlling the Federal Bureaucracy

By the People. Making a Difference: Join the Transparency Corps

Defining Public Policy

The Public Policy Process

The Global Community: Opinions on Why People Succeed or Fail

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Reducing Disease

Citizens and Public Policy

You Will Decide: Should You Join AmeriCorps?

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are Head of FEMA

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: What Puts The 'Big' In Big Government?

Chapter 13. The Judiciary

Understanding the Federal Judiciary

The Three Types of Federal Courts

By the People. Making a Difference: SoHo

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Reducing Crime

The Politics of Appointing Federal Judges

Of the People. Diversity in America: Diversity in the Federal Courts

You Will Decide: Should The Federal Courts Be Active?

How the Supreme Court Decides

Box Global Community: Importance of an Impartial Judiciary

Judicial Power and Its Limits

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Supreme Court Clerk

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Who Are The Activist Judges?

PART IV: RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES

Chapter 14. Civil Liberties

The Basis for Our Civil Liberties

First Amendment Freedoms

The Global Community: Separating Government from Religion

Of the People. Diversity in America: Religious Diversity in the United States

Property Rights

Due Process Rights

Privacy Rights

Rights of Criminal Suspects

For the People. Protecting the Sixth Amendment Rights of Indigent Defendants

You Will Decide: Should We Abolish Death Penalty?

Protecting Our Civil Liberties in an Age of Terror: Who’s Responsibility?

By the People. Making a Difference: Students for Liberty

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Police Officer

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Should The Government Apply The Death Penalty?

Chapter 15. Civil Rights

Equality and Equal Rights

The Quest for Equal Justice

The Global Community: Educating Boys and Girls

Equal Protection Of The Laws: What Does It Mean?

You Will Decide: Should Marriage Be Limited To Heterosexual Couples?

Voting Rights

By the People. Making a Difference: Protecting Student Voting Rights

Rights to Equal Access: Accommodations, Jobs, and Homes

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Reducing Workplace Discrimination

Education Rights

Of the People. Diversity in America: Affirmative Action

Equal Rights Today

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Mayor

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Are All Forms Of Discrimination The Same?

PART V: THE POLITICS OF NATIONAL POLICY

Chapter 16. Making Economic Policy

An Introduction to Economic Policy

The Global Community: Who Has the World’s Strongest Economy?

Fiscal Policy

Monetary Policy

Promoting the Economy

You Will Decide: Should Government Limit Offshoring?

Regulating the Economy

Of the People. Diversity in America: Diversity in the Workforce

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Protecting Air and Water

By the People. Making a Difference: Product Red

The Deregulation Movement

A Continued Federal Role

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Federal Reserve Chair

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Who Broke The Economy?

Chapter 17. Making Social Policy

The Role of the Federal Government in Social Policy

The Global Community: The Social Safety Net

The Expansion of Social Policy in the Twentieth Century

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Helping the Working Poor

Social Policy Challenges for the Future: Health, Education, and Crime

By the People. Making a Difference: Improving Health One Playground at a Time

Of the People. Diversity in America: Access to College

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

The Politics of Social Policy

You Will Decide: Should The Federal Government Promote Marriage?

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are an OMB Staffer

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Is Health Care A Public Good?

Chapter 18. Making Foreign and Defense Policy

Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense

By the People. Making a Difference: Promoting Ethical Investments

The Foreign Policy and Defense Agenda

The Global Community: International Support for Ties with Business

The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy

Of the People. Diversity in America: Diversity in the Military

Foreign Policy and Defense Options

For the People. Government’s Greatest Endeavors: Building Democracies Abroad

You Will Decide: Should Women Engage In Combat?

Prospects for the Future

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a President during a Foreign Policy Crisis

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: How Much Does America Spend On Defense?

Conclusion. Sustaining Constitutional Democracy

The Case for Government by the People

Participation and Representation

The Role of the Politician

The Importance of Active Citizenship

> MyPoliSciLab Document: The Declaration of Independence

> MyPoliSciLab Document: The Constitution of the United States

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Federalist No. 10

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Federalist No. 15

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Federalist No. 51

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Federalist No. 78

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Anti-Federalist No. 17

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Marbury v. Madison

> MyPoliSciLab Document: McCulloch v. Maryland

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Brown v. Board of Education

> MyPoliSciLab Document: The Gettysburg Address

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Washington’s Farewell Address

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Government by the People, 2012, Election Edition

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials