The Grammar of Irish English: Language in

This book offers a descriptive and contact-linguistic account of the grammar of Irish English, also known as "Hiberno-English." It examines Hiberno-English dialects past and present and their distinctive grammatical features. Special attention is paid to similarities between Hiberno-English and the other Celtic-influenced varieties of English spoken in Scotland and Wales.

List of figures

ix

List of tables

x

Preface

xi

List of abbreviations

xv

Map of Ireland

xvii

Introduction

1

(3)

The English language in Ireland

4

(8)

The position of English in medieval Ireland

4

(2)

The rise of modern Hiberno-English dialects and the decline of Irish

6

(6)

Major issues in the study of Hiberno-English

12

(24)

General characteristics of Hiberno-English grammer

12

(10)

Types of explanation offered in previous research

22

(7)

Dating of the formative period of Hiberno-English dialects

29

(3)

Uniformity versus heterogeneity of Hiberno-English dialects

32

(2)

Terminological issues

34

(2)

Databases and methods

36

(19)

Introduction

36

(1)

Data from Hiberno-English

37

(10)

Data from earlier and other varieties of English

47

(6)

Methods

53

(2)

The Noun Phrase

55

(34)

Introduction

55

(1)

Hiberno-English usages of the definite article

56

(21)

`Unbound' uses of reflexive pronouns

77

(12)

The verb phrase

89

(71)

Introduction

89

(1)

Hiberno-English perfects

90

(40)

Periphrastic do in Hiberno-English dialects

130

(20)

Plural subject-verb concord

150

(10)

Questions, responses, and negation

160

(24)

Introduction

160

(1)

Responses to Yes/No questions

160

(7)

Word order in indirect questions

167

(12)

Failure of negative attraction

179

(5)

The complex sentence

184

(34)

Introduction

184

(1)

Resumptive pronouns and adverbs in relative and other clauses

185

(11)

Subordinating uses of and

196

(12)

Only and but as conjunctions/conjunctives

208

(10)

Prepositional usage

218

(24)

Introduction

218

(1)

The preposition on

219

(7)

The preposition in

226

(5)

The preposition with

231

(7)

The preposition of

238

(4)

Focusing devices

242

(29)

Introduction

242

(1)

Clefting

243

(17)

Topicalisation

260

(11)

Discussion and conclusions

271

(13)

Regional variation in the Irish dialects of English

271

(2)

Substratum, superstratum, and universals in the genesis of Hiberno-English

273

(4)

Adstratal developments?

277

(2)

Hiberno-English and other contact vernaculars

279

(2)

Concluding remarks

281

(3)

Appendix 1 A description of the Hiberno-English informants

284

(4)

Appendix 2 Specimen texts

288

(8)

Appendix 3 Details of the manuscript sources

296

(3)

Notes

299

(10)

Bibliography

309

(13)

Index

322

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The Grammar of Irish English: Language in Hibernian Style

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials