Green Chemistry and Engineering A Practical Design Approach

, by Jiménez-González, Concepción; Constable, David J. C.

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ISBN: 9780470170878 | 0470170875
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 2/22/2011

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This book bridges the divide between bench chemistry, process design, engineering, environment, health, safety and life cycle considerations. The authors use a systems-oriented and integrated approach to evolve Green Chemistry and Green Engineering as disciplines in the broader context of sustainability. Many of the concepts associated with greenness metrics, greener chemistry and engineering require cognitive skills such as evaluation, synthesis, analysis and application. To meet this need, the book provides examples and practical exercises that help the student or advanced practitioner use understand these concepts as applied to the industrial setting and to use the material in direct and indirect applications. The exercises make the book suitable for self-study or as a textbook.

Green Chemistry and Engineering in the Context of Sustainability
Why Green Chemistry?
Green Chemistry, Green Engineering and Sustainability
Until Death Do Us Part: A Marriage of Disciplines
Problems
References
Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Principles
Green Chemistry Principles
Twelve More Green Chemistry Principles
Twelve Principles of Green Engineering
The San Destin Declaration - Principles of Green Engineering
Simplifying the Principles
Problems
References
Starting with the Basics: Integrating Environment, Health and Safety (EHS)
Environmental Issues of Importance
Health Issues of Importance
Safety Issues of Importance
Hazard and Risk
An Integrated perspective to Environment, Health and Safety
Problems
References
How do we know it's Green? - A Metrics Primer
General Considerations about Green Chemistry and Engineering Metrics
Chemistry metrics
Process Metrics
Cost implications and Green Chemistry Metrics
A Final Word on Green Metrics
Problems
References
Route and Chemistry Selection
The Challenge of Synthetic Chemistry
Making Molecules
Using Different Chemistries
Route Strategy
Protection/Deprotection
Going from a route to a process
Problems
References
Material Selection: Solvents, Catalysts, Reagents
Solvents and Solvent Selection Strategies
Environment, Health and Safety Hazards of Organic Solvents
Catalysts and Catalyst Selection Strategies
Other Reagents
Problems
References
Reaction Conditions and Green Chemistry
Stoichiometry
Design of experiments
Temperature
Solvent use
Solvents and Energy Use
Reaction and processing time
Order and Rate of Reagent Addition
Mixing
Appendix 7.1: Common Practices in Batch Chemical Processing and their Green Chemistry Impacts
Problems
References
Bioprocesses
How Biotechnology has been used
Are Bioprocesses Green?
What is involved in bioprocessing?
Examples of Products obtained from Bioprocessing
Problems
References
Mass and Energy Balances
Why do we need Mass Balances, Energy Balances, Process Flow Diagrams?
Type of Processes
Process Flow Diagams
Mass Balances
Energy Balances
Measuring 'Greenness' of a Process through Energy and Mass Balances
Problems
References
The Scale-up effect
The scale-up problem
Factors affecting scale-up
Scale-up tools
Numbering up vs. scaling up
Problems
References
Reactors and Separations
Reactors and Separations in Green Engineering
Reactors
Separations and Other Unit Operations
Batch vs. Continuous
Does size matter?
Problems
References
Process Synthesis
Process Synthesis
Process Synthesis Approaches and Green Engineering
Evolutionary Techniques
Heuristics Methods
Hierarchical Decomposition
Superstructure and Multi-Objective Optimization
Synthesis of Sub-systems
Problems
References
Mass and Energy Integration
Process Integration: Synthesis, Analysis and Optimization
Energy Integration
Mass Integration
Problems
References
Inherent Safety
Inherent safety vs "traditional" process safety
What is inherent safety or inherently safer design?
Inherent Safety in Route Strategy and Process Design
Conclusions on Inherent Safety
Problems
References
Process Intensification
Process Intensification
Process Intensification Technologies
Process Intensification Techniques
Perspectives on Process Intensification
Problems
References
Life Cycle Inventory and Assessment Concepts
What are Life Cycle Inventory and Assessment
LCI/A Methodology
Interpretation - Making Decisions with LCI/A
Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment
Problems
References
Impacts of Materials and Procurement
Life Cycle Management
Chemical trees and Supply Chains - just where does this stuff come from?
"Green Procurement"
Transportation Impacts
Problems
References
Impacts of Energy Requirements
Where do we get our energy from?
Environmental Life Cycle Emissions and Impacts of Energy Generation
From Emissions to Impacts
Energy Requirements for Waste Treatment
Problems
References
Impacts of Waste and Waste Treatment
Environmental Fate and Effects Data
Environmental Fate Information - Physical Properties
Environmental Fate Information - Transformation and Depletion Mechanisms
Environmental Effects Information
Environmental Risk Assessment
Problems
References
Total Cost Assessment
Background of Total Cost Assessment
What is Total Cost Assessment?
The relationship between Life Cycle Inventory/Assessment and Total Cost Assessment
Timing of a Total Cost Assessment
The Total Cost Assessment Methodology
Total Cost Assessment in the Green Chemistry Context
Problems
References
Emerging Materials
Emerging Materials
Nanomaterials
Bioplastics/biopolymers
About new 'green' materials
Problems
References
Renewable Resources
Why do we need Renewable Resources
Renewable Materials
The Biorefinery
Renewable Energy
Problems
References
Evaluating Technologies
Why do we need to evaluate technologies and processes comprehensively?
Comparing Technologies and Processes
One way to Comparing Technologies
Trade-offs
Advantages and Limitations of Comparing Technologies
Problems
References
Industrial Ecology
Background and Definitions on Industrial Ecology
Principles and Concepts of Industrial Ecology and Design
Industrial Ecology and Design
Industrial Ecology in Practice
Problems
References
Tying it all together - Is Sustainability Possible?
Can Green Chemistry and Engineering Enable Sustainability?
Sustainability, Culture and Policy
Influencing Sustainability
Moving to Action
Problems
References
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Green Chemistry and Engineering A Practical Design Approach

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