Group Skills in Social Work

Solidly based in social science literature and firmly grounded in group work practice, this text provides students with a good practical model of group growth and development that is easy to comprehend and apply in their work with direct service groups and in groups beyond direct service (training, boards, committees, task groups, etc.).

Preface

v

Context

1

(19)

Scope and Limitations of Group Uses

1

(2)

Definition of Terms

3

(17)

Membership Selection and Group Composition

4

(1)

Group Goals

5

(2)

External Structure

7

(3)

Internal Structure

10

(2)

Cohesion

12

(1)

Communication and Decision Making

13

(1)

Norms, Values, and Group Culture

14

(1)

Group Control and Influence

15

(5)

A Four-Dimensional Approach to Group Skills

20

(23)

Stages of Group Development

21

(5)

Initial Stage

22

(1)

Convening Stage

22

(1)

Formation Stage

23

(1)

Conflict/Disequilibrium Stage

23

(1)

Maintenance Stage

24

(2)

Termination Stage

26

(1)

Contract Forms

26

(5)

Worker Role and Location

31

(3)

Primary Role and Central Location

33

(1)

Variable Role and Pivotal Location

34

(1)

Facilitative Role and Peripheral Location

34

(1)

Return to Primary Role and Central Location

34

(1)

Program Media

35

(8)

The Initial Stage

43

(27)

Role and Location of the Worker

43

(20)

Conceiving the Idea

44

(3)

Recruiting and Selecting Members

47

(3)

Conducting Pregroup Interviews

50

(9)

Initial Planning

59

(4)

Planning the Program Media

63

(7)

The Convening Stage

70

(31)

Notifying Prospective Members of Time and Place

71

(1)

Group Characteristics in the Convening Stage

72

(3)

Ambivalence

72

(1)

Milling Process

73

(2)

Worker Skills

75

(4)

Observation and Assessment

75

(2)

Modeling

77

(1)

Facilitating Connection

78

(1)

Reciprocal Contract

79

(10)

Contract Review and Renegotiation

88

(1)

Role and Location of the Worker

89

(5)

Program Media Analysis

94

(7)

Clients' Capacities and Characteristics

94

(2)

Behavioral Outcomes

96

(5)

The Formation Stage

101

(26)

Characteristics of Groups in the Formation Stage

101

(9)

Emergence of Norms

102

(4)

Differentiation of Roles

106

(3)

Group Decision-making Processes

109

(1)

Mutual Contract

110

(4)

Role and Location of the Worker

114

(1)

Worker Skills

115

(5)

Encouraging Participation

116

(1)

Helping the Synthesizing Process

116

(2)

Reinforcing Interactional Patterns

118

(2)

Framework for Analysis of Program Media

120

(7)

The Conflict/Disequilibrium Stage

127

(33)

Dynamics of Conflict

129

(8)

Dynamics of Disequilibrium

137

(4)

Mutual Contract

141

(5)

Role and Location of the Worker

146

(8)

Holding the System Steady

146

(2)

Turning Issues Back to the Group

148

(2)

Creatively Using the Conflict or the Disequilibrium

150

(4)

Group-sustaining Program Media

154

(6)

The Maintenance Stage

160

(32)

Group Dynamics in the Maintenance Stage

161

(13)

Role Differentiation and Operation

161

(3)

Norms

164

(1)

Cohesion

165

(2)

Decision Making

167

(5)

Differentiation

172

(2)

Interdependent Contract

174

(4)

The Process of Transformation

175

(2)

Goal Displacement

177

(1)

Worker Role and Location

178

(1)

Worker Skills

179

(5)

Guiding

179

(1)

Supporting

180

(2)

Encouraging Expressions of Difference

182

(2)

Group-sustaining Program Media

184

(8)

The Termination Stage

192

(29)

Dynamics of the Termination Stage

192

(13)

Reactions to Separation

193

(6)

Worker's Reactions

199

(1)

The Work of Termination

200

(4)

Individuation

204

(1)

Independent Contract

205

(4)

Role and Location of the Worker

209

(1)

Worker Skills

209

(6)

Preparing for Ending

210

(1)

Focusing the Expression of Feelings

210

(2)

Facilitating the Ending

212

(3)

Group-ending Program Media

215

(6)

Coworkers, Open Groups, and Recording

221

(27)

Coworkers

221

(10)

Arguments for a Solo Worker

222

(1)

Arguments for Coworkers

222

(1)

Using the Coworker Pattern

223

(8)

Open Groups

231

(10)

Arguments for Closed Groups

231

(2)

Arguments for Open Groups

233

(1)

Practice with Open Groups

234

(7)

Recording

241

(7)

Narrative Process Record

242

(1)

Non-narrative Process Record

243

(5)

Groups for Purposes Other than Direct Service

248

(25)

Group Social Forces

249

(3)

Dimensions of the Practice Model

252

(13)

Stages of Group Development

252

(2)

Contract Forms

254

(2)

Role and Location of the Worker

256

(3)

Program Media

259

(6)

Worker Skills

265

(8)

Groups Focused on Individual Contributions

265

(3)

Groups Focused on Group-as-a-whole Contributions

268

(2)

Groups Focused on Individual and Group Contributions

270

(3)

References

273

(8)

Index

281

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Group Skills in Social Work

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials