Handbook of Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approaches

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ISBN: 9780824729356 | 0824729358
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/30/2005

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An expert summary of our current understanding of bipolar disorder, this reference examines existing theories, treatment regimens, and clinically relevant applications by world authorities in psychiatric research. Divided into four main sections, this guide delves into the diagnosis and epidemiology of bipolar disorder and progresses to discussions of patient care, emerging management approaches, and the underlying biology of the disease.

Foreword

iii

Frederick K. Goodwin

Preface

Contributors

Concept of Bipolar Disorder: A Historical Perspective

(10)

George N. Papadimitriou

Dimitris G. Dikeos

Constantin R. Soldatos

Introduction

(1)

From Hippocrates to the Predecessors of Kraepelin

(2)

The Era of Kraepelin and the First Half of the 20th Century

(1)

Modern Classifications and Diagnostic Criteria

(2)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(4)

Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder

(10)

Charles L. Bowden

Introduction

(1)

Fundamental and Relatively Specific Symptoms and Illness Course Features of Bipolar Disorders

(1)

Features of Depression Indicative of Bipolar Disorder

(1)

Manic Symptoms with High Specificity and Sensitivity

(1)

Effective Assessment Strategies for Bipolar Disorder

(1)

Mania or Hypomania

(2)

Depression

(1)

Mixed States

(1)

Involving the Patient and Family in Diagnosis

(1)

References

(4)

Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorder

(16)

Zoltan Rihmer

Jules Angst

Introduction

(2)

Prevalence and Incidence of Bipolar Disorders in the Community

(4)

Demographic Factors

(1)

Social Variables

(1)

Psychosocial Stressors and Social Support

(1)

Seasonal and Geographic Factors

(1)

Comorbidity and Complications

(1)

Public Significance of Bipolar Disorders

(1)

References

(6)

Re-examining the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Dichotomy

(12)

Helmut Beckmann

Bruno Pfuhlmann

Kraepelin's Dichotomy and the Problem of ``Atypical'' Psychoses

(1)

Concept of Cycloid Psychoses as a Solution of the Problem of ``Atypical'' Psychoses

(1)

Symptomatology of Cycloid Psychoses

(2)

Research Findings Regarding Cycloid Psychoses

(4)

Conclusion: Cycloid Psychoses as a Challenge for the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Dichotomy

(1)

References

(4)

The Bipolar Spectrum: History, Description, Boundaries, and Validity

(20)

Hagop S. Akiskal

Introduction

(1)

The Concept of the Bipolar Spectrum

(2)

Historical Roots

(1)

Temperament in Bipolarity

(1)

Description of the Bipolar Spectrum

(3)

Do Recurrent ``Unipolar'' Depressions Belong to the Bipolar Spectrum (Type V)?

(1)

Other Putative Bipolar Spectrum Conditions

(1)

Critique of the Bipolar Spectrum

(1)

Rates in Community and Clinical Populations

(2)

Familial-Genetic Considerations

(1)

Clinical Considerations

(1)

Concluding Remarks

(1)

References

(6)

Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Course

(14)

Nga Anh Nguyen

Karen Dineen Wagner

Introduction

(1)

Epidemiology

(1)

Diagnosis

(3)

Differential Diagnosis and Comorbidity

(4)

Course of Illness

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(5)

Bipolar Disorders in Late Life

(12)

Peter Brieger

Andreas Marneros

Introduction

(1)

Classification

(2)

Clinical Presentation

(1)

Epidemiology

(1)

Course and Outcome

(1)

Family History

(1)

Neuroimaging

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(4)

Clinical Course in Bipolar Disorder

(12)

Robert J. Boland

Martin B. Keller

Introduction

(1)

Studying the Course of Bipolar Disorder

(1)

Definition of Terms

(1)

Overview of the CDS

(7)

Conclusions and Future Directions

103

(2)

References

105

(2)

Recent Advances in Our Understanding of the Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder

107

(50)

Jorge A. Quiroz

Jaskaran Singh

Carlos A. Zarate Jr.

Husseini K. Manji

Introduction

107

(1)

Monoaminergic Neurotransmitter Systems and Neuroendocrine Abnormalities

107

(14)

Circadian Rhythms in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

121

(2)

Evidence of HPA Hyperactivation Modulating Neural Plasticity

123

(2)

Signaling Networks as Key Modulators of Long-Term Neuroplastic Events

125

(6)

Abnormalities in Calcium Regulation and Mitochondrial Function in Bipolar Disorder

131

(3)

Impairments of Neuroplasticity and Cellular Resilience in Bipolar Disorder

134

(4)

Human Evidence for the Neurotrophic Effects of Mood Stabilizers

138

(2)

Summary and Conclusions

140

(1)

References

141

(16)

Treatment of Mania

157

(22)

John Cookson

Benefits of Treatment

157

(1)

The Need for Admission

157

(1)

Milieu Management

158

(1)

Drug Treatment of Mania

158

(14)

Treating Subtypes of Mania

172

(1)

Conclusion

173

(1)

References

174

(5)

Bipolar Depression

179

(12)

Robert M. A. Hirschfeld

L. A. Vornik

Introduction: Phenomenology, Diagnosis, and Clinical Course

179

(1)

Bipolar Depression: Treatment Acute Pharmacotherapy

180

(6)

Psychosocial Treatments

186

(1)

Electroconvulsive Therapy

186

(1)

Special Issues

187

(1)

Conclusions and Recommendations

187

(1)

References

188

(3)

The Treatment of Mixed States

191

(10)

Eduard Vieta

Jose Sanchez-Moreno

Introduction

191

(2)

Treatment of Mixed States: General Rules

193

(1)

Lithium

194

(1)

Anticonvulsants

194

(1)

Antipsychotics

194

(2)

Electroconvulsive Therapy

196

(1)

Conclusions

196

(1)

References

197

(4)

Rapid Cycling

201

(12)

Andreas Erfurth

Giulio Perugi

Definition

201

(1)

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics

202

(1)

Family History, Genetics, and Rapid Cycling

203

(1)

The Role of Antidepressants and of Other Treatments

203

(1)

Thyroid Function and Rapid Cycling

204

(1)

Rapid Cycling and the Female Reproductive Cycle

204

(1)

Rapid Cycling and Biological Rhythms

205

(1)

Pharmacological Treatment of Rapid Cycling

205

(1)

Conclusions

206

(1)

References

206

(7)

Long-Term Mood Stabilization

213

(14)

Zubin Bhagwagar

Guy M. Goodwin

Recurrence in Bipolar Disorder

213

(1)

What Is a Mood Stabilizer?

214

(1)

Pharmacological Treatment

214

(4)

Suicide Prevention in Bipolar Disorder

218

(1)

Psychological Interventions

219

(2)

When to Start Long-Term Treatment and for Whom

221

(1)

Conclusions

221

(1)

References

222

(5)

Schizoaffective Disorder

227

(18)

Julio Bobes

Maria-Teresa Bascaran

Maria-Paz Garcia-Portilla

Pilar-Alejandra Saiz

Manuel Bousono

Gerardo Florez

Celso Arango

The Schizoaffective Dilemma

227

(5)

The Treatment of Schizoaffective Disorder

232

(7)

Conclusions

239

(1)

References

239

(6)

Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents

245

(10)

Karen Dineen Wagner

Introduction

245

(1)

Pharmacotherapy

245

(5)

Electroconvulsive Therapy

250

(1)

Psychoeducation

251

(1)

Summary

251

(1)

References

251

(4)

Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in Late Life

255

(12)

Mark Rapoport

Ayal Schaffer

Kenneth I. Shulman

Introduction

255

(1)

Mood Stabilizers

256

(3)

Antipsychotics

259

(1)

Antidepressants

260

(1)

Electroconvulsive Therapy

260

(1)

Psychosocial Treatments

260

(1)

Conclusion

261

(1)

References

261

(6)

Lithium in Bipolar Disorder

267

(18)

Paul Grof

Introduction

267

(1)

Historical Background

268

(1)

Clinical Effects and Indications

269

(4)

Adverse Effects of Lithium Treatment

273

(3)

Special Situations

276

(1)

Management of Lithium Treatment

277

(2)

Putative Mechanisms of Action

279

(1)

Summary

280

(1)

References

280

(5)

The Use of Anticonvulsants in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

285

(30)

Paolo Brambilla

Jair C. Soares

Abstract

285

(1)

Introduction

286

(1)

First-Generation Anticonvulsants

286

(11)

Second-Generation Anticonvulsants

297

(6)

Conclusions

303

(1)

References

303

(12)

Atypical Antipsychotics in Bipolar Disorder

315

(16)

Siegfried Kasper

Introduction

315

(2)

Treatment of Mania

317

(7)

Treatment of Bipolar Depression

324

(2)

References

326

(5)

Is There a Role for Typical Neuroleptics in Bipolar Disorder?

331

(8)

H. J. Moller

Heinz Grunze

Introduction

331

(1)

Use of Typical Neuroleptics in Routine Clinical Settings

332

(1)

Evidence from Controlled Studies for the Efficacy of Typical Neuroleptics in Acute Mania

332

(2)

Maintenance Treatment with Typical Neuroleptics in Bipolar Disorder

334

(1)

Tolerability and Safety

334

(2)

Conclusions

336

(1)

References

336

(3)

Antidepressants in Bipolar Disorder

339

(18)

Lori Pellegrino

Jack Gorman

Introduction

339

(1)

Current Guidelines on Antidepressant Use in Bipolar Disorder

339

(1)

Efficacy in Bipolar Disorder vs. Unipolar Disorder

340

(1)

Antidepressant Efficacy as Compared with Mood Stabilizer Efficacy

340

(2)

The Switch to Mania

342

(3)

Cycle Acceleration

345

(1)

Types of Antidepressants

346

(4)

Length of Antidepressant Treatment

350

(1)

Conclusion

351

(1)

References

352

(5)

Combination Therapy in Bipolar Disorder

357

(12)

Adrian J. Lloyd

Allan H. Young

Background

357

(1)

Why Combine Treatment for Bipolar Disorder?

358

(1)

Combination Treatments in Relation to Illness Subtype and Illness Phase

358

(3)

Hazards of Combination Treatment

361

(1)

Drug Combinations

362

(2)

Summary

364

(1)

References

364

(5)

Expected Side-Effect Profile of Medications and Their Management

369

(26)

John W. Newcomer

Nuri B. Farber

Dan Haupt

Peter Fahnestock

Introduction

369

(1)

Side Effects of Lithium

370

(3)

Side Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs Used for Bipolar Disorder

373

(2)

Side Effects of Antipsychotic Medications Used for Bipolar Disorder

375

(4)

Side Effects of Antidepressants for Bipolar Disorder

379

(2)

Side Effects Associated with Metabolic Adverse Events

381

(5)

Recommendations and Conclusion

386

(1)

References

387

(8)

Electroconvulsive Therapy in Bipolar Disorders and Other Brain Stimulation Methods: Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Magnetic Seizure Therapy and Deep Brain Stimulation

395

(24)

M. Kosel

Thomas E. Schlaepfer

Introduction

395

(1)

Electroconvulsive Therapy

396

(3)

ECT as in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorders

399

(4)

New Brain Stimulation Methods for Bipolar Disorders Under Research

403

(8)

Discussion and Conclusions

411

(1)

References

412

(7)

Role of Psychotherapy in the Management of Bipolar Disorder

419

(16)

Michael E. Thase

Introduction

419

(1)

Background

419

(4)

Review of Contemporary Treatment Strategies and Relevant Research

423

(5)

Conclusions

428

(2)

Acknowledgments

430

(1)

References

430

(5)

Toward an Integrated View: Algorithms in Bipolar Disorder

435

(12)

Heinz Grunze

Introduction

435

(1)

Strengths and Weaknesses of Guidelines for Bipolar Disorder

436

(2)

The WFSBP Guidelines Series on the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

438

(3)

The British Association for Psychopharmacology Guideline

441

(1)

Conclusions

442

(1)

References

443

(4)

Index

447

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Handbook of Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approaches

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