The Handbook of Cannabis Therapeutics: From Bench to Bedside

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ISBN: 9780789030962 | 0789030969
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/28/2006

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The Handbook of Cannabis Therapeutics: From Bench to Bedside sets aside the condemnation and hysteria of society's view of cannabis to concentrate on the medically sound aspects of cannabis therapeutics. The world's foremost experts provide a reasoned, thoroughly researched overview of the controversial subject of cannabis, from its history as a medicine through its latest therapeutic uses. The latest studies on the botany, history, biochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical uses for various illnesses such as AIDS, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis, as well as side effects of marijuana are all examined and discussed in depth. The book is carefully referenced to encourage examination of previous studies and provides tables and figures to enhance understanding of the material. Book jacket.

About the Editors

xiii

Contributors

Foreword

xvii

Introduction

(4)

Franjo Grotenhermen

PART I: HISTORICAL NOTES

The Therapeutic Use of Cannabis sativa (L.) in Arabic Medicine

(8)

Indalecio Lozano

Introduction

(1)

Materials and Methods

(1)

Results

(4)

Conclusion

(2)

Update

(1)

Cognoscenti of Cannabis I: Jacques-Joseph Moreau (1804-1884)

(4)

Ethan B. Russo

Cognoscenti of Cannabis II: Simeon Seth on Cannabis

(6)

David Deakle

The Medical Use of Cannabis Among the Greeks and Romans

(20)

James L. Butrica

Introduction

(1)

Absence of Mention

(1)

The Emergence of Cannabis

(15)

Appendix I: Passages Discussing Wild Cannabis Possibly Misunderstood As Discussing Domesticated Cannabis

(1)

Appendix II: Cannabis in Veterinary Medicine

(1)

Update

(1)

A Homelie Herbe: Medicinal Cannabis in Early England

(10)

Vivienne Crawford

Introduction

(2)

Cannabis History in England

(4)

The Modern Era

(2)

Update

(2)

Future of Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Therapeutics

(16)

Ethan B. Russo

Introduction

(3)

New Indications for Cannabinoid Pharmaceuticals

(1)

Cannabinoids and Neuroprotection

(1)

Spasmodic Disorders

(1)

Forbidden Territories

(5)

Update

(6)

PART II: PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOKINETICS

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Cannabinoids

(48)

Franjo Grotenhermen

Introduction

(5)

Pharmacokinetics of Δ-THC

(1)

Absorption

(5)

Distribution

(4)

Metabolism

(2)

Course of Plasma Concentration of THC and Metabolites

(2)

Elimination

(6)

Time Effect Relationship

(5)

Pharmacokinetics of Other Cannabinoids

(2)

Metabolic Interactions

101

(2)

Conclusion

103

(14)

Clinical Pharmacodynamics of Cannabinoids

117

(54)

Franjo Grotenhermen

Introduction

117

(2)

Mechanism of Action

119

(2)

Cannabinoid Receptors

121

(1)

Endocannabinoids

122

(3)

Pharmacological Effects of THC

125

(1)

Toxicity

125

(2)

Psyche, Cognition and Behavior

127

(1)

Central Nervous System and Neurochemistry

128

(2)

Circulatory System

130

(1)

Some Other Organ Systems and Effects

131

(2)

Pharmacological Activity of THC Metabolites

133

(2)

Pharmacological Effects of Other Cannabinoids

135

(3)

Tolerance and Dependency

138

(1)

Therapeutic Uses

139

(1)

Hierarchy of Therapeutic Effects

140

(1)

Basic Research Stage

141

(2)

Drug Interactions

143

(1)

Conclusions

144

(21)

Update

165

(6)

Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts: Greater Than the Sum of Their Parts?

171

(36)

John M. McPartland

Ethan B. Russo

Introduction

171

(1)

Materials and Methods

172

(1)

Results and Discussion

172

(1)

Cannabinoids

173

(5)

Terpenoids

178

(9)

Flavonoids

187

(3)

Conclusions

190

(11)

Update

201

(6)

PART III: ENDOCANNABINOIDS AND CANNABINOID RECEPTORS

The Endocannabinoid System: Can It Contribute to Cannabis Therapeutics?

207

(20)

Vincenzo Di Marzo

The Endocannabinoid System

207

(2)

Endocannabinoid Pharmacology: More Than Meets the Eye

209

(2)

Levels of Endocannabinoids in Tissues: Physiology and Pathology

211

(5)

New Drugs From the Endocannabinoid System: Curative or Palliative?

216

(9)

Update

225

(2)

Cannabinoids and Feeding: The Role of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System As a Trigger for Newborn Suckling

227

(16)

Ester Fride

Interactions of the Endocannabinoid System with Hormones Regulating Food Intake

228

(1)

Endocannabinoids in Food Substances

229

(1)

Developmental Aspects of the Endocannabinoid-CB, Receptor System

230

(1)

Blockade of CB1 Receptors in Newborn Mice

231

(2)

Mechanisms of the CB1 Receptor Blockade-Induced Growth-Stunting Effects

233

(1)

Conclusions

234

(4)

Update

238

(5)

PART IV: MEDICINAL USES

Marijuana (Cannabis) As Medicine

243

(22)

Leo E. Hollister

Introduction

243

(2)

Indications with Evidence for Medical Efficacy

245

(8)

Indications with Sparse Evidence of Efficacy

253

(4)

Discussion

257

(1)

Conclusion

258

(5)

Update

263

(2)

Effects of Smoked Cannabis and Oral Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Nausea and Emesis After Cancer Chemotherapy: A Review of State Clinical Trials

265

(16)

Richard E. Musty

Rita Rossi

Tennessee

266

(1)

Michigan

267

(1)

Georgia

268

(2)

New Mexico (1983)

270

(1)

New Mexico (1984)

271

(1)

California

272

(1)

New York

273

(2)

Discussion

275

(3)

Update

278

(3)

Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Clinical Cannabis: To Eat or Not to Eat?

281

(22)

Wei-Ni Lin Curry

HG, Its Medicalization, and the Survivors

282

(6)

Cannabis, Pregnancy, and HG

288

(5)

Two Women's Stories of Using Folk, Alternative Medicine

293

(4)

Conclusion

297

(5)

Update

302

(1)

Therapeutic Cannabis (Marijuana) As an Antiemetic and Appetite Stimulant in Persons with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

303

(12)

Richard E. Bayer

AIDS in the United States

303

(2)

Cannabinoids as Antiemetic and Appetite Stimulant in AIDS Wasting Syndrome

305

(1)

Case Reports (The Patients' Perspective)

306

(2)

Recent Clinical Research on Cannabinoids, Immunity, and Weight Gain

308

(1)

Cannabis and Harm Reduction Strategies for Persons with AIDS

308

(3)

Conclusion

311

(2)

Update

313

(2)

Cannabis Treatments in Obstetrics and Gynecology: A Historical Review

315

(32)

Ethan B. Russo

Introduction

315

(1)

The Ancient World and Medieval Middle and Far East

315

(3)

European and Western Medicine

318

(13)

Modern Ethnobotany of Cannabis in Obstetrics and Gynecology

331

(3)

Recent Theory and Clinical Data

334

(4)

Discussion and Conclusions

338

(7)

Update

345

(2)

Crack Heads and Roots Daughters: The Therapeutic Use of Cannabis in Jamaica

347

(16)

Melanie Dreher

Ganja

348

(2)

Cocaine

350

(1)

Women and Crack

351

(6)

Conclusions

357

(1)

Implications

358

(2)

Update

360

(3)

Cannabis in Multiple Sclerosis: Women's Health Concerns

363

(20)

Denis J. Petro

Introduction

363

(1)

Treatment Options: Acute Episodes, Disease Modification and Symptom Management

364

(1)

Cannabis in Acute Treatment and Disease Modification

365

(2)

Cannabis in Symptom Management

367

(1)

Impaired Mobility: Spasticity

368

(1)

Tremor

369

(1)

Nystagmus

369

(1)

Postural Regulation

370

(1)

Fatigue

370

(1)

Pain

371

(1)

Bladder Dysfunction

371

(1)

Sexual Dysfunction

372

(1)

Discussion

372

(1)

Conclusions

373

(4)

Update

377

(6)

PART V: SIDE EFFECTS

Cannabis and Harm Reduction: A Nursing Perspective

383

(16)

Mary Lynn Mathre

Introduction

383

(2)

Cannabis Was a Medicine in the United States

385

(1)

Cannabis As a Harm Reduction Medicine

386

(3)

Cannabis As a Social/Recreational Drug

389

(4)

Cannabis Prohibition Causes More Harm Than the Drug

393

(3)

Conclusions

396

(3)

Chronic Cannabis Use in the Compassionate Investigational New Drug Program: An Examination of Benefits and Adverse Effects of Legal Clinical Cannabis

399

(50)

Ethan B. Russo

Paul J. Bach

Mary Lynn Mathre

Juan Sanchez-Ramos

Al Byrne

Kristin A. Kirlin

Robert Velin

Introduction

400

(1)

Previous Chronic Cannabis Use Studies

400

(1)

A Brief History of the Compassionate IND

401

(2)

Methods

403

(1)

Results And Discussion

404

(38)

Conclusions and Recommendations

442

(5)

Update

447

(2)

Afterword

449

(2)

Index

451

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The Handbook of Cannabis Therapeutics: From Bench to Bedside

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials