Handbook of Forensic Pathology, Second Edition

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ISBN: 9780849392870 | 084939287X
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 10/31/2006

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Handbook of Forensic Pathology, Second Edition, provides an up-to-date, concise manual illustrating all core aspects of modern forensic pathology. This new edition retains the outline format of the original, which allows for quick access and rapid assimilation. Written in no nonsense, easily understandable language, this precise and thorough, yet compact resource contains extensively detailed entries from two of the nation's foremost authorities on gunshot wounds and forensic pathology. With numerous instructional charts and diagrams and new full-color photographs, it organizes a wealth of instructional and immediately applicable information.Introducing medicolegal casework and documentation, this resource explains protocols for the collection and recovery of evidence and DNA analysis, and lists factors used to determine time of death and identify remains. It covers the natural causes of death in children and adults as well as a myriad of non-natural causes including homicide, suicide, accidental, and undetermined.New in the Second Edition-· Introduces an entirely new chapter on nursing home death· Examines added information on gunshot residue· Presents new research on Tasers, pepper spray, and Excited Delirium Syndrome· Includes new full color photographsWith meticulous detail and instant access to extensive information, Handbook of Forensic Pathology, Second Edition, is an indispensable tool for forensic pathologists, law enforcement, legal personnel, as well as pathologists in training.

Introduction to Medicolegal Casework

(8)

I. Five Categories of Medicolegal Cases

(2)

II. Cause, Mechanism, and Manner of Death

(1)

III. The Forensic Autopsy versus an External Examination

(1)

IV. Three Steps of Medicolegal Death Investigation

(1)

V. Handling of Bodies at the Scene

(1)

VI. Handling of Bodies from a Hospital

(1)

VII. Handling of Bodies at the Morgue

(3)

VIII. Identification of Bodies

(1)

The Autopsy Report

I. Heading of Report

(1)

II. External Examination

(1)

III. Evidence of Injury

(2)

IV. Internal Examination

(1)

V. Microscopic Examination

(1)

VI. Toxicology

(1)

VII. Findings

(1)

VIII. Opinion

(2)

2. Physical Evidence

(8)

I. Types of Physical Evidence

(1)

II. Preservation of Physical Evidence on the Body

(1)

III. Recovery of Physical Evidence

(1)

IV. Procedures for Collection of Biological Evidence

(2)

V. Procedures for Collection of Nonbiological Physical Evidence

(1)

VI. DNA Analysis

(4)

3. Time of Death—Decomposition

(6)

I. Factors Used in Estimating Time of Death

(4)

II. Decomposition Is Due To:

(2)

4. Identification of Remains

(10)

I. Intact, Nondecomposed Human Remains

(4)

II. Decomposed or Charred, Nonskeletonized Human Remains

(1)

III. Skeletonized Human Remains

(2)

IV. Samples or Items That Should Be Collected and Retained before the Release of Any Unidentified Body

(2)

5. Natural Disease

(34)

Causes of Sudden Natural Death in Adults

I. Cardiovascular Disease

(11)

II. Central Nervous System Disorders

(7)

III. Respiratory System

(3)

IV. Gastrointestinal Tract

(1)

V. Hepatic Disorders

(1)

VI. Adrenal Disorders

(1)

VII. Splenic Disorders

(1)

VIII. Miscellaneous Causes of Sudden Death in Adults

(1)

Causes of Sudden Natural Death in Infants and Young Children

I. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

(4)

II. Other Disorders Associated with Sudden Death in Infants and Children

(5)

6. Blunt Force Injury

(34)

I. Definition

(1)

II. Abrasions

(2)

III. Contusions

(3)

IV. Lacerations

(2)

V. Combination Injuries

(1)

VI. Blunt Force Injury to the Chest (Thorax)

(6)

VII. Blunt Force Injury to the Abdomen

(7)

VIII. Blunt Force Injury to the Genitalia (Internal and External)

(1)

IX. Skeletal Fractures Due to Blunt Force Trauma

(2)

X. Extremity Injuries Due to Blunt Force Trauma

(2)

XI. Head Injuries Caused by Blunt Force Trauma

(5)

XII. Neck Injuries Caused by Blunt Force Trauma

104

(3)

7. Wounds Produced by Pointed, Sharp-Edged, and Chopping Implements

107

(14)

I. Stab Wounds

107

(9)

II. Incised Wounds

116

(1)

III. Chop Wounds

117

(4)

8. Gunshot Wounds

121

(34)

I. Types of Small Arms

121

(1)

II. Firearms

121

(1)

III. Caliber

122

(2)

IV. Ammunition

124

(6)

V. Ballistic Comparison of Bullets

130

(1)

VI. Theory of Wounding

130

(2)

VII. Gunshot Wounds

132

(10)

VIII. Centerfire Rifle Wounds

142

(1)

IX. Microscopic Examination of Gunshot Wounds

143

(1)

X. The Effects of Intermediary Targets

144

(1)

XI. Ricochet Bullets

144

(1)

XII. Shotguns

144

(4)

XIII. Wounds of Bone

148

(1)

XIV. Caliber Determination by Size of Entrance Wounds

148

(1)

XV. Perforation of Skin and Bone

149

(1)

XVI. Gunshot Residue

150

(1)

XVII. Miscellaneous

151

(1)

XVIII. Suicide

152

(1)

XIX. General Firearm Terminology

153

(2)

9. Asphyxia

155

(10)

I. Suffocation

155

(3)

II. Strangulation

158

(5)

III. Chemical Asphyxiants

163

(1)

IV. Neck Holds

163

(2)

10. Deaths during Arrest and in Police Custody: Excited Delirium Syndrome

165

(8)

I. Deaths Occurring during Arrest — The Excited Delirium Syndrome (EDS)

165

(1)

II. Mechanisms of Death in EDS

166

(2)

III. Hogtying — Positional/Restraint Asphyxia

168

(1)

IV. Choke Hold—Related Deaths

169

(1)

V. Tasers

170

(1)

VI. Oleoresin Capsicum (Pepper Spray)

171

(1)

VII. Deaths Occurring in Jails

171

(2)

11. Murder of Infants and Children

173

(8)

I. Statistics

173

(1)

II. Neonaticide

173

(1)

III. Deaths in the First 2 Years of Life

174

(1)

IV. Battered Child Syndrome

175

(1)

V. Impulse Homicides

176

(1)

VI. Gentle Homicide

177

(1)

VII. Shaken Baby Syndrome

178

(3)

12. Sexually Related Homicides

181

(4)

I. Rape Homicides

181

(1)

II. Homosexually Related Homicides

182

(1)

III. Evidence of Chronic Anal Intercourse

183

(2)

13. Fire and Thermal Injuries

185

(14)

I. Classification of Burns According to Depth of Injury

185

(1)

II. Burn Severity Factors

186

(1)

III. Documentation of Extent and Pattern of Burn

186

(2)

IV. Burn survivability

188

(1)

V. Clothing and Burns

188

(1)

VI. Six Categories of Burns

188

(5)

VII. Death Due to Burn Injury (Immediate or Delayed)

193

(3)

VIII. Charred Bodies

196

(1)

IX. Classification of Fire Deaths

197

(1)

X. Antemortem versus Postmortem Burns

197

(2)

14. Transportation Deaths

199

(14)

I. Motor Vehicle Deaths

199

(5)

II. Pedestrian Deaths

204

(3)

III. Motorcycle Deaths

207

(1)

IV. Bicycle (Pedal-Cycle) Injuries

208

(1)

V. Aviation-Related Injuries and Death

208

(5)

15. Environmental Deaths

213

(14)

I. Drowning

213

(5)

II. Hyperthermia

218

(2)

III. Hypothermia

220

(2)

IV. Lightning

222

(5)

16. Electrocution

227

(12)

I. Ohm's Law

227

(1)

II. Factors Determining Severity of Electrical Injury

228

(1)

III. Low-Voltage versus High-Voltage Deaths

228

(1)

IV. Resistance and Current Flow

229

(1)

V. Current Flow through the Body

229

(1)

VI. Electrocution and Loss of Consciousness

230

(1)

VII. Electrical Burns of the Skin

230

(4)

VIII. Suicidal Electrocutions

234

(1)

IX. Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs)

234

(1)

X. Investigation of Suspected Electrocutions

234

(1)

XI. Third-Rail Electrocutions

235

(1)

XII. Electrical Shock and Pregnancy

235

(1)

XIII. Stun Guns

236

(1)

XIV. Judicial Electrocutions

236

(3)

17. Deaths in Nursing Homes

239

(2)

I. Deaths in Nursing Homes

239

(1)

II. Signs of Neglect

239

(1)

III. Deaths Due to Hospital Bed Side Rails

240

(1)

IV. Deaths Due to Medical Restraints

240

(1)

18. Deaths Due to Starvation

241

(4)

I. Malnutrition, Starvation Deaths in General

241

(1)

II. Nutrition and Body Weight

242

(1)

III. Physical Manifestations of Starvation

243

(1)

IV. Dehydration Deaths

243

(2)

19. Deaths in Association with Pregnancy

245

(6)

I. Deaths Secondary to Complications of Pregnancy

245

(3)

II. Abortion-Related Deaths

248

(3)

20. Intraoperative Deaths

251

(4)

I. Deaths Due to Underlying Disease

251

(1)

II. Disruption of a Vital Organ during a Procedure

251

(1)

III. Air Embolism Occurring during Surgery

252

(1)

IV. Anesthetic-Related Deaths

252

(1)

V. Cause of Death Cannot be Ascertained

253

(2)

21. Forensic Toxicology

255

(26)

I. Forensic Toxicology

255

(1)

II. Tissues To Be Collected

256

(1)

III. Collection of Materials

256

(2)

IV. Routine Testing

258

(1)

V. Drug Screens in Medical Examiners' Offices

259

(1)

VI. Thin-Layer Chromatography

259

(1)

VII. Immunoassay Methods of Analysis

260

(1)

VIII. Gas Chromatography (GC)

261

(1)

IX. High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

262

(1)

X. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

262

(1)

XI. Confirmatory Testing

262

(1)

XII. Poisons

263

(3)

XIII. Drugs of Abuse

266

(4)

XIV. Medications Commonly Associated with Overdose

270

(1)

XV. Ethanol

270

(1)

XVI. Methyl Alcohol and Isopropanol

271

(1)

XVII. Phencyclidine (PCP)

271

(1)

XVIII. Drug and Chemical Blood Concentrations

272

(9)

Index

281

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Handbook of Forensic Pathology, Second Edition

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials