Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (Volume 2)

Like the first volume, The Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity, Volume 2 is a reference work on the interconnection between language and ethnic identity. In this volume, 37 new essays provide a systematic look at different language and ethnic identity efforts, assess their relative successes and failures, and place the cases on a success-failure continuum. The reasons for these failures and successes and the linguistic, social, and political contexts involved are subtle and highly complex. Some of these factors have to do with whether the language is considered a dialect, as in the cases of Bavarian, Ebonics, and Scots (considered to be dialects of German, American English, and British English, respectively). Other factors have to do with government policy, as in the cases of Basque and Navajo. Still other factors are historical, such as the way Canaanite was supplanted in present-day Israel by another classical language-Hebrew.

Although the volume offers considerable sophistication in the treatment of language, ethnicity and identity, it has been written for the non-specialized reader, whether student or layperson. The contributors are an international group of well-known scholars in a range of fields. Fishman and García provide a detailed introduction that addresses the difficulty of assessing the success or failure of a language. They also present a conclusion that integrates the data presented in the volume.

Joshua Fishamn is Distinguished University Research Professor of Social Sciences, Emeritus at Yeshiva University.

Ofelia García is Professor of Urban Education and Hispanic and Luso-Brazilian Literatures and Languages at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York.

Foreward, Joshua A. Fishman and Ofelia Garcia
1. Examining Contrarianism: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic-Identity Efforts, Joshua A. Fishman
2. Afrikaans: Success or Failure?, Neville Alexander
3. Invention of Scripts in West Africa for Ethnic Revitalization, Peter Unseth
4. The Teaching of Amazigh (Berber) in Morocco, Fatima Sadiqi
5. The Promotion of Moroccan Arabic: Successes and Failures, Moja Ennaji
6. The Survival of French in Tunisian Identity, Mohamed Daoud
7. Hebrew Revivalists' Goals vis a vis the Emerging Israeli Language, Ghil'ad Zuckermann
8. African American language in U.S. Education and Society: A Story of Success and Failure, Django Paris and Arnetha F. Ball
9. Learning English in Puerto Rico: An Approach-Avoidance Conflict?, Miriam Eisenstein Ebsworth and Timothy John Ebsworth
10. The Reforming of English Spelling, David F. Marshall
11. Quechua Language Policy and Planning in Peru, Serafín M. Coronel-Molina
12. Paradoxes of Quechua Language Revitalization in Bolivia: Back and forth Along the Success-Failure Continuum, Aurolyn Luykx
13. North Korea's Language Revision and Some Unforeseen Consequences, Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr.
14. Simplifying Chinese Characters: Not a Simple Matter, Shouhui Zhao and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr.
15. Problems of Orthography Development for the Yi in China, David Bradley
16. Planning for Failure: English and Language Policy and Planning in Bangladesh, M. Obaidul Hamid
17. The Emergence, Role, and Future of the Malay in Singapore, Phyllis Ghim-Lian Chew
18. Efforts to Vernacularize Sanskrit: Degree of Success and Failure, Mahdav M. Deshpande
19. The Political Rise of Tamil in the Dravidian Movement in South India, E. Annamalai
20. The Politics of Language and Dialect in Colonial India: The Case of Asamiya, Sipra Mukherjee
21. Plights of Persian in the Modernization Era, Maryam Borjian and Habib Borjian
22. A Pan-Turkic Dream: Language Unification of Turks, Jala Garibova
23. Luxembourgish: A Success Story? A Small National Language in a Multilingual Country, Sabine Ehrhart and Fernand Fehlen
24. Bavarian: Successful Dialect or Failed Language?, Anthony Rowley
25. The Regional languages of Brittany, Michael Hornsby and Shaun Nolan
26. Success-Failure Continuum of Euskara in the Basque Country, Maria-Jose Azurmendi and Iñaki Martinez de Luna
27. The Independent Standardization of Valencian: From Official Use to Underground Resistance, Miquel Àngel Lledó
28. The Failure of German Language Advocacy among Yiddish-speaking Eastern European Jews prior to and since the Holocaust, Joshua A. Fishman
29. The Illyrian Movement: A Croatian Vision of South Slavic Unity, Marc L. Greenberg
30. Belarusian, Marián Sloboda
31. The Ukrainian-Ruthenian Success-Failure Continuum in Austrian Galicia, Anna Veronika Wendland
32. From Tornedal Finnish to Meänkieli: A Tornedalian Success Story?, Erling Wande
33. Samnorsk, Tove Bull
34. The Forgotten Model of a Separate Standard Lowland Lithuanian: Jurgis Pabreza (1771-1849), Giedrius Subacius
35. The Ambiguous Arithmetic of Language Maintenance and Revitalization, Nancy C. Dorian
36. Exploring the Variables in Successes and Failures of Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts, Ofelia García
37. Dubious Arithmetic, Hugging the Center, and Never say Die!, Joshua A. Fishman