Handbook of Petrochemicals Production Processes

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780071410427 | 0071410422
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/2/2004

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Supported by some of the largest petrochemical and petroleum companies in the world, this unique handbook provides the secrets to the latest in licensed petrochemical technology for some of the most economically important chemicals used throughout the world Process chemistry and thermodynamics are covered for each major processing unit as applicable.

Contributors

xix

Preface

xxi

Acknowledgments

xxiii

Part 1 Acetic Acid

Chapter 1.1. Chiyoda Acetic Acid Process ACETICA®

Yasuo Hosono and Minoru Tasaki, P.E.

1.3

(1)

Introduction

1.3

(1)

Chemistry

1.4

(1)

Process Features

1.7

(1)

Process Description

1.7

(1)

Product Specifications

1.11

(1)

Process Yield and Emissions

1.11

(1)

Economics of the Chiyoda ACETICA Technology

1.11

(1)

Scope of Chiyoda's Package of Services

1.12

(1)

Experience

1.12

(1)

References

1.13

(1)

Part 2 Aniline

Chapter 2.1. DuPont KBR Aniline Process

Eric W. Wong and Ronald Birkhoff

2.3

(1)

Introduction 2.3

Aniline Market Overview

2.4

(1)

Process Chemistry

2.5

(1)

Process Description

2.5

(1)

Technology Features

2.6

(1)

Operating Requirements

2.7

(1)

Product Quality

2.7

(1)

Wastes and Emissions

2.7

(1)

References

2.8

(1)

Part 3 1,3-Butadiene

Chapter 3.1. BASF Butadiene Extraction Technology

Robert Brummer

3.3

(1)

Introduction

3.3

(1)

Process Perspective

3.3

(1)

Process Description

3.4

(1)

Economics

3.7

(1)

Environmental Considerations

3.8

(1)

Summary of Process Features

3.8

(1)

Chapter 3.2. UOP KLP 1,3-Butadiene from Acetylene Process

Steve Krupa, Tim Foley, and Stephen McColl

3.11

(1)

Introduction

3.11

(1)

Butadiene

3.11

(1)

The KLP Process

3.12

(1)

Process Chemistry

3.12

(1)

Commercial Experience

3.13

(1)

Economics and Operating Costs

3.13

(1)

Part 4 Cumene

Chapter 4.1. ABB Lummus Global Cumene Production via CDCumene® Technology

Stephen Pohl and Sanjeev Ram

4.3

(1)

Introduction

4.3

(1)

Process Perspective

4.4

(1)

Process Chemistry 4.4

Process Description

4.4

(1)

Process Economics

4.7

(1)

Summary of Process Features

4.9

(1)

Chapter 4.2. UOP Q-Max™ Process

Gary A. Peterson and Robert J. Schmidt

4.11

(1)

Introduction

4.11

(1)

Process Chemistry

4.12

(1)

Description of the Process Flow

4.14

(1)

Feedstock Considerations

4.15

(1)

Process Perfomance

4.18

(1)

Case Study

4.18

(1)

Commercial Experience

4.19

(1)

Bibliography

4.19

(1)

Part 5 Ethylbenzene

Chapter 5.1. Lummus UOP Liquid-Phase EBOne Process and CDTECH EB® Process

Stephen Pohl and Sanjeev Ram

5.3

(1)

Introduction

5.3

(1)

Process Perspective

5.4

(1)

Process Chemistry

5.4

(1)

Process Description

5.5

(1)

Economics

5.9

(1)

Summary of Process Features

5.12

(1)

Chapter 5.2. Polimeri Europa Ethylbenzene Process

Fabio Assandri and Elena Bencini

5.13

(1)

Introduction

5.13

(1)

Description of the Process Flow

5.16

(1)

Process and Catalyst Advanced Features

5.20

(1)

Process Performance

5.21

(1)

Commercial Experience

5.21

(1)

Chapter 5.3. ExxonMobil Badger Ethylbenzene Technology

Brian Maerz and C. Morris Smith

5.23

(1)

Introduction

5.23

(1)

Ethylbenzene Manufacturing

5.23

(1)

Properties of Ethylbenzene

5.25

(1)

EBMax Process Catalysts

5.26

(1)

Process Chemistry and EBMax Catalyst Performance

5.28

(1)

Process Description

5.31

(1)

Process Design Customization and Optimization

5.33

(1)

EBMax Process Designs for Dilute Ethylene Feedstocks

5.33

(1)

Technology Conversion and Capacity Expansion with EBMax

5.34

(1)

Ethylbenzene Product Quality

5.35

(1)

Raw Materials and Utilities Consumption

5.37

(1)

Catalyst Requirements

5.37

(1)

EBMax Plant Design

5.38

(1)

Reference

5.38

(1)

Part 6 Ethylene

Chapter 6.1. ABB Lummus Global SRT® Cracking Technology for the Production of Ethylene

Sanjeev Kapur

6.3

(1)

Introduction

6.3

(1)

Development and Commercial History

6.4

(1)

Process Chemistry

6.5

(1)

Cracking Heater

6.8

(1)

Ethylene Process Flow Schematic

6.11

(1)

Refinery and Ethylene Plant Integration

6.15

(1)

Recent Technology Advances

6.16

(1)

Commercial Operations

6.19

(1)

Economic Aspects

6.19

(1)

Chapter 6.2. Stone & Webster Ethylene Technology

Colin P. Bowen

6.21

(1)

Introduction

6.21

(1)

Economic Drivers

6.21

(1)

Development History: Pyrolysis

6.23

(1)

Development History: Recovery

6.27

(1)

Process Description

6.29

(1)

Megaplant Design Issues

6.44

(1)

Project Execution Aspects

6.47

(1)

References

6.49

(1)

Chapter 6.3. KBR SCORETM Ethylene Technology

Steven Borsos and Stephen Ronczy

6.51

(1)

Development and History

6.51

(1)

Selective Cracking Furnace Technology

6.52

(1)

Optimum Recovery-Section Design

6.57

(1)

Future Developments

6.63

(1)

Part 7 Methanol

Chapter 7.1. Lurgi MegaMethanol® Technology

Alexander Frei

7.3

(1)

History

7.3

(1)

MegaMethanol Technology

7.4

(1)

Process Description

7.5

(1)

Latest Lurgi Methanol Project References

7.17

(1)

Part 8 Oxo Alcohols

Chapter 8.1. Johnson Matthey Oxo Alcohols Process™

Jane Butcher and Geoff Reynolds

8.3

(1)

Introduction

8.3

(1)

Process Description

8.3

(1)

Process Flowsheet

8.7

(1)

Benefits of the Johnson Matthey Technology

8.9

(1)

Feed Specifications

8.10

(1)

Process Economics

8.12

(1)

Capital Costs

8.12

(1)

Operational Experience

8.13

(1)

Reference

8.13

(1)

Part 9 Phenols and Acetone

Chapter 9.1. Polimeri Europa Cumene-Phenol Processes

Maurizio Ghirardini and Maurizio Tampieri

9.3

(1)

Introduction

9.3

(1)

Cumene Technology

9.3

(1)

Phenol Technology

9.8

(1)

Chapter 9.2. Sunoco UOP Phenol Process

Robert J. Schmidt

9.13

(1)

Introduction

9.13

(1)

Cumene Production

9.13

(1)

Phenol Production

9.14

(1)

Sunoco UOP Cumene Peroxidation Route to Phenol Production

9.15

(1)

Overall Process Description Chemistry

9.15

(1)

Process Flow and Recent Technology Advances

9.16

(1)

Conclusion

9.28

(1)

References

9.29

(1)

Chapter 9.3. KBR Phenol Process

Alan Moore and Ronald Birkhoff

9.31

(1)

Introduction

9.31

(1)

History

9.31

(1)

Markets

9.32

(1)

Process Chemistry

9.34

(1)

Process Description

9.36

(1)

Feedstock and Product Properties

9.41

(1)

Production Yields

9.43

(1)

Utility Requirements

9.43

(1)

Product Storage and Shipping

9.43

(1)

Environmental Features

9.44

(1)

Safety

9.45

(1)

Operating Economics

9.46

(1)

Investment Economies of Scale

9.46

(1)

Acetone Netback

9.48

(1)

Technology Advantages

9.49

(1)

Bibliography

9.50

(1)

Chapter 9.4. QBIS™ Process for High-Purity Bisphenol A

Ed Fraini, Don West, and George Mignin

9.51

(1)

Overview

9.51

(1)

Commercial Experience

9.56

(1)

Wastes and Emissions: Expected Performance

9.57

(1)

Part 10 Propylene and Light Olefins

Chapter 10.1. Lurgi MTP® Technology

Waldemar Liebner

10.3

(1)

Introduction

10.3

(1)

Process Overview

10.3

(1)

Detailed Process Description

10.4

(1)

Products, By-Products, Wastes, and Emissions

10.9

(1)

Technical and Commercial Status

10.10

(1)

Process Economics

10.11

(1)

Bibliography

10.13

(1)

Chapter 10.2. UOP Hydro MTO Process

Peter R. Pujadó and James M. Andersen

10.15

(1)

Introduction

10.15

(1)

MTO Technology

10.18

(1)

Economic Basis

10.20

(1)

Investment Estimates

10.20

(1)

Economic Comparisons

10.23

(1)

Economic Sensitivity

10.25

(1)

Conclusions

10.26

(1)

References

10.26

(1)

Chapter 10.3. UOP Oleflex™ Process

Joseph Gregor and Daniel Wei

10.27

(1)

Introduction

10.27

(1)

Process Description

10.27

(1)

Dehydrogenation Plants

10.29

(1)

Propylene Production Economics

10.31

(1)

Chapter 10.4. ABB Lummus Global Propylene Production via Olefins Conversion Technology

Catherine A. Berra and James T.C. Wu

10.35

(1)

Introduction

10.35

(1)

Development and Commercial History

10.36

(1)

Process Chemistry

10.37

(1)

Process Description

10.37

(1)

Process Economics

10.38

(1)

Summary of Process Features

10.40

(1)

Conclusion

10.41

(1)

Chapter 10.5. Propylene via CATOFIN® Propane Dehydrogenation Technology

V.K. Arora

10.43

(1)

Introduction

10.43

(1)

Process Chemistry

10.44

(1)

Process Description

10.44

(1)

Process Economics

10.47

(1)

Feedstock and Utility Consumption

10.47

(1)

Product Quality and By-Products

10.47

(1)

Catalyst and Chemical Consumption

10.49

(1)

Environmental Emissions

10.49

(1)

Summary of Technology Features

10.49

(1)

Part 11 Styrene

Chapter 11.1. Lummus UOP "Classic" Styrene Technology and Lummus UOP SMARTSM Styrene Technology

Stephen Pohl and Sanjeev Ram

11.3

(1)

Introduction

11.3

(1)

Process Perspective

11.4

(1)

Process Chemistry

11.5

(1)

Process Descriptions

11.6

(1)

Economics

11.9

(1)

Summary of Process Features

11.11

(1)

Chapter 11.2. Stone & Webster (Badger) Styrene Technology

Vincent Welch

11.13

(1)

Introduction

11.13

(1)

Styrene Industry

11.13

(1)

Use of Styrene Monomer

11.14

(1)

Properties

11.15

(1)

Styrene Manufacturing

11.15

(1)

Process Chemistry

11.16

(1)

Process Description 11.18

Product Specification

11.23

(1)

Operating Economics

11.23

(1)

Chapter 11.3. Polimeri Europa Styrene Process Technology

Leonardo Trentini and Armando Galeotti

11.25

(1)

Introduction

11.25

(1)

Process Chemistry

11.26

(1)

Description of the Process Flow

11.27

(1)

Process and Mechanical Design Advanced Features

11.32

(1)

Process Performance

11.33

(1)

Commercial Experience

11.34

(1)

Part 12 Terephthalic Acid

Chapter 12.1. E PTA: The Lurgi/Eastman/SK Process

Frank Castillo-Welter

12.3

(1)

Introduction

12.3

(1)

Chemistry Overview and Product Specification

12.4

(1)

Process Description

12.4

(1)

Highlights and Benefits of E PTA Technology

12.9

(1)

Economics of E PTA Technology

12.10

(1)

Commercial Experience

12.11

(1)

Part 13 Xylenes

Chapter 13.1. ExxonMobil PxMaxSM p-Xylene from Toluene

Terry W. Bradley

13.3

(1)

Introduction

13.3

(1)

Process Chemistry

13.4

(1)

Process Description

13.5

(1)

Operating Performance

13.5

(1)

PxMax Retrofit and Debottleneck Applications

13.7

(1)

Aromatics Complex and PxMax Unit Description

13.8

(1)

Case I: Grassroots PxMax Unit

13.8

(1)

Case II: Retrofit of Selective TDP to PxMax

13.11

(1)

Case III: Retrofit of Nonselective TDP to PxMax

13.12

(1)

Conclusion

13.13

(1)

Chapter 13.2. ExxonMobil XyMaxSM Xylene Isomerization

Terry W. Bradley

13.15

(1)

Introduction

13.15

(1)

Process Chemistry

13.16

(1)

Process Description

13.17

(1)

Operating Performance

13.18

(1)

XyMax Cycle Length

13.20

(1)

Commercial Experience

13.21

(1)

Chapter 13.3. UOP Parex™ Process for p-Xylene Production

Scott E. Commissaris

13.23

(1)

Introduction

13.23

(1)

Parex versus Crystallization

13.23

(1)

Process Performance

13.26

(1)

Feedstock Considerations

13.26

(1)

Description of the Process Flow

13.26

(1)

Equipment Considerations

13.28

(1)

Case Study

13.29

(1)

Commercial Experience

13.29

(1)

Bibliography

13.30

(1)

Part 14 Polyethylene

Chapter 14.1. Basell Spherilene Technology for LLDPE and HDPE Production

Maurizio Dorini and Gijs ten Berge

14.3

(1)

General Process Description

14.3

(1)

Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics

14.3

(1)

Spherilene Process Perspective

14.7

(1)

Process Description

14.8

(1)

Products and Applications

14.10

(1)

Process Economics

14.12

(1)

Chapter 14.2. Borstar LLDPE and HDPE Technology

Tarja Korvenoja, Henrik Andtsjö, Klaus Nyfors, and Gunnar Berggren

14.15

(1)

Process Description

14.15

(1)

Advanced Process Control

14.21

(1)

Capacities and Locations of Borstar PE Plants

14.23

(1)

Borstar PE Products

14.23

(1)

Process Economics

14.29

(1)

Chapter 14.3. Chevron Phillips Slurry-Loop-Reactor Process for Polymerizing Linear Polyethylene

Mike Smith

14.31

(1)

History

14.31

(1)

Process Description

14.32

(1)

Slurry-Loop Reactor

14.35

(1)

Polymer Finishing and Packaging

14.37

(1)

Utilities

14.37

(1)

Technical Advantages of the Chevron Phillips Slurry-Loop Process for PE

14.38

(1)

Summary

14.44

(1)

Chapter 14.4. ExxonMobil High-Pressure Process Technology for LDPE

Charles E. Schuster

14.45

(1)

Introduction

14.45

(1)

Reaction Mechanism

14.46

(1)

Process Overview Description

14.48

(1)

LDPE versus LLDPE

14.53

(1)

Product Capability Grade Slate

14.54

(1)

LDPE Markets

14.54

(1)

Strengths of ExxonMobil Technology

14.56

(1)

Summary

14.57

(1)

Reference

14.58

(1)

Disclaimer

14.58

(1)

Chapter 14.5. Polimeri Europa Polyethylene High-Pressure Technologies

Mauro Mirra

14.59

(1)

Introduction

14.59

(1)

Polimeri Europa Trademarks

14.60

(1)

Chemistry and Thermodynamics

14.61

(1)

High-Pressure Reactor Technologies

14.63

(1)

Detailed Process Description

14.65

(1)

Reactor Safety Discharge System

14.67

(1)

Process Performance

14.69

(1)

Plant Battery Limits

14.69

(1)

Chapter 14.6. Basell Hostalen Technology for Bimodal HDPE Production

Dr. Reinhard Kuehl and Gijs ten Berge

14.71

(1)

General Process Description

14.71

(1)

Process Chemistry

14.71

(1)

Hostalen Process Perspective

14.74

(1)

Process Description

14.75

(1)

Product Range and Applications

14.82

(1)

Process Economics

14.85

(1)

Chapter 14.7. Basell Lupotech G Technology for HDPE and MDPE Production

Cyrus Ahmadzade and Gijs ten Berge

14.87

(1)

General Process Description

14.87

(1)

Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics

14.87

(1)

Lupotech G Process Perspective

14.88

(1)

Process Description

14.89

(1)

Product Specifications

14.92

(1)

Process Economics

14.93

(1)

Chapter 14.8. Basell Lupotech T Technology for LDPE and EVA-Copolymer Production

André-Armand Finette and Gijs ten Berge

14.95

(1)

General Process Description

14.95

(1)

Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics

14.95

(1)

Lupotech T Process Perspective

14.102

(1)

Process Description

14.104

(1)

Product Specifications

14.110

(1)

Process Economics

14.111

(1)

Chapter 14.9. UNIPOL™ PE Gas-Phase Process: Delivering Value to the PE Industry

Mardee McCown Kaus

14.113

(1)

Introduction

14.113

(1)

History

14.114

(1)

General Process Description

14.115

(1)

Process Perspective

14.119

(1)

Product and By-Product Specifications

14.120

(1)

Wastes and Emissions

14.122

(1)

Process Economics

14.124

(1)

Chapter 14.10. NOVA Chemicals SCLAIRTECH™ LLDPE/HDPE Swing Technology

Keith Wiseman

14.131

(1)

Introduction

14.131

(1)

Chemistry and Catalysis

14.132

(1)

Process Overview

14.134

(1)

Advantages of the SCLAIRTECH Technology Platform

14.138

(1)

Economics

14.140

(1)

Product Capability

14.140

(1)

Commercial Installations

14.143

(1)

Summary

14.143

(1)

Acknowledgment

14.144

(1)

Disclaimer

14.144

(1)

Part 15 Polyethylene Terephthalate

Chapter 15.1. UOP Sinco Solid-State Polymerization Process for the Production of PET Resin and Technical Fibers

Stephen M. Metro and James F. McGehee

15.3

(1)

Introduction

15.3

(1)

Melt-Phase Polymerization

15.5

(1)

SSP Process Chemistry

15.6

(1)

Crystallization of PET

15.8

(1)

Sticking Tendency of PET

15.10

(1)

Detailed Process Description

15.10

(1)

Reactions of the Catalytic Nitrogen Purification System

15.13

(1)

Oxidation of PET

15.14

(1)

Process Variables

15.14

(1)

Feed Properties

15.14

(1)

Product Properties

15.16

(1)

Product Yield

15.16

(1)

Wastes and Emissions

15.16

(1)

Utilities

15.16

(1)

Equipment Considerations

15.17

(1)

Commercial Experience

15.17

(1)

References

15.18

(1)

Part 16 Polypropylene

Chapter 16.1. Basell Spheripol Technology for PP Production

Maurizio Dorini and Gijs ten Berge

16.3

(1)

General Process Description

16.3

(1)

Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics

16.3

(1)

Splieripol Process Perspective

16.13

(1)

Process Description

16.13

(1)

Process Economics

16.17

(1)

Products and Applications

16.17

(1)

Chapter 16.2. Basell Spherizone Technology for PP Production

Riccardo Rinaldi and Gijs ten Berge

16.21

(1)

General Process Description

16.21

(1)

Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics

16.2

(1)

Spherizone Process Perspective

16.30

(1)

Process Description

16.30

(1)

Economics

16.37

(1)

Products and Applications

16.37

(1)

Chapter 16.3. Borstar Polypropylene Technology

Jouni Kivelä, Helge Grande, and Tarja Korvenoja

16.41

(1)

Introduction

16.41

(1)

Features of the Borstar PP Process Technology

16.43

(1)

Process Description

16.44

(1)

Production Cycle and Grade Transitions

16.47

(1)

Advanced Process Control

16.48

(1)

Catalyst

16.49

(1)

Environment

16.49

(1)

Operating Requirements

16.50

(1)

Products

16.50

(1)

Chapter 16.4. UNIPOL™ Polypropylene Process Technology

Barry R. Engle

16.57

(1)

General UNIPOL PP Process Description

16.57

(1)

Process Chemistry

16.60

(1)

Process Perspective

16.62

(1)

Products and By-Products

16.64

(1)

UNIPOL PP Product Attributes Summary

16.65

(1)

Wastes and Emissions

16.67

(1)

Process Economics

16.68

(1)

Chapter 16.5. Chisso Gas-Phase Polypropylene Process

Takeshi Shiraishi

16.71

(1)

Technology Background and History

16.71

(1)

Polymerization Mechanism and Polymer Type

16.71

(1)

Process Features

16.74

(1)

Process Description

16.76

(1)

Safety and Environmental Considerations

16.78

(1)

Product Capabilities

16.78

(1)

Economics

16.79

(1)

Reference Plants

16.79

(1)

Part 17 Polystyrene

Chapter 17.1. BP/Lummus Technology for the Production of Expandable Polystyrene

Robert Stepanian

17.3

(1)

Introduction

17.3

(1)

Operating Plants

17.3

(1)

Process Chemistry

17.3

(1)

Process Description

17.4

(1)

Feedstock Product Specifications

17.4

(1)

Waste and Emissions

17.5

(1)

Process Economics

17.5

(1)

Summary of Process Features

17.7

(1)

Reference

17.7

(1)

Chapter 17.2. BP Lummus Technology for the Production of General-Purpose and High-Impact Polystyrenes

Robert Stepanian

17.9

(1)

Introduction

17.9

(1)

Operating Plants

17.10

(1)

Process Chemistry

17.10

(1)

Process Description

17.10

(1)

Feedstock and Product Specifications

17.12

(1)

Waste and Emissions

17.15

(1)

Process Economics

17.15

(1)

Summary of Process Features

17.15

(1)

References

17.17

(1)

Chapter 17.3. Polimeri Europa General-Purpose Polystyrene Process Technology

Francesco Pasquali and Riccardo Inglese

17.19

(1)

Introduction

17.19

(1)

Process Chemistry

17.20

(1)

Description of the Process Flow

17.22

(1)

Process Advanced Design Features

17.23

(1)

Process Performance

17.24

(1)

Plant Capacity

17.24

(1)

Commercial Experience

17.25

(1)

The Edistir GPPS Product Portfolio

17.25

(1)

Chapter 17.4. Polimeri Europa Expandable Polystyrene Process Technology

Dario Ghidoni and Riccardo Inglese

17.27

(1)

Introduction

17.27

(1)

Process Chemistry

17.28

(1)

Description of Process Flow

17.30

(1)

Process Advanced Design Features

17.31

(1)

Process Performance

17.32

(1)

Plant Capacity

17.32

(1)

Commercial Experience

17.32

(1)

The Extir EPS Product Portfolio

17.32

(1)

Chapter 17.5. Polimeri Europa High-Impact Polystyrene Process Technology

Francesco Pasquali and Franco Balestri

17.35

(1)

Introduction

17.35

(1)

Process Chemistry

17.36

(1)

Description of Process Flow

17.37

(1)

Process Advanced Design Features

17.38

(1)

Process Performance

17.39

(1)

Plant Capacity

17.39

(1)

Commercial Experience

17.40

(1)

The Edistir HIPS Product Portfolio 17.40

Part 18 Vinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Chloride

Chapter 18.1. Vinnolit Vinyl Chloride and Suspension Polyvinyl Chloride Technologies

Ulrich Woike and Peter Kammerhofer

18.3

(1)

Company Introduction

18.3

(1)

Process Perspective

18.4

(1)

Vinnolit Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) Process

18.4

(1)

Vinnolit Direct Chlorination Process

18.7

(1)

Vinnolit Oxychlorination Process

18.12

(1)

Vinnolit Thermal Cracking Process of 1,2-Dichloroethane to Vinyl Chloride

18.18

(1)

Vinnolit Suspension Polyvinyl Chloride (S-PVC) Process

18.21

(1)

Abbreviations and Acronyms

18.33

(1)

References

18.35

(1)

Chapter 18.2. Chisso Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Process Technology and Vinyl Chloride Monomer Removal Technology

Seiichi Uchida

18.37

Chisso Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Process Technology

18.37

(1)

Chisso Vinyl Chloride Monomer Removal Process Technology

18.43

Index

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Handbook of Petrochemicals Production Processes

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials