Handbook of Phase Change: Boiling and Condensation

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ISBN: 9781560326342 | 1560326344
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/1/1999

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Provides up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of the basic phenomena followed by specific recommendations for design equations and correla- tions. Covers advanced topics of current interest by a team of distinguished contributors from around the world.

Preface

xiii

(6)

Nomenclature

xix

(22)

Contributors

xli

1 VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES

(40)

Y. Fujita

S. G. Kandlikar

1.1 Thermodynamic Equilibrium--Pure Components

(10)

1.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium--Binary and Multi-Component Mixtures

(23)

1.3 Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Pure Substances and Multicomponent Mixtures

(5)

References

(2)

2 REPRESENTATION OF SOLID-LIQUID-VAPOR PHASE INTERACTIONS

(22)

M. Shoji

Y. Mori

S. Maruyama

2.1 Introduction of Solid-Liquid-Vapor Phase Interactions

(3)

2.2 Macroscopic Representation of Solid-Liquid-Vapor Phase Interactions

(8)

2.3 Microscopic Representation of Solid-Liquid-Vapor Interactions

(7)

References

(4)

3 BOILING CURVE

(8)

V. K. Dhir

3.1 Introduction

(1)

3.2 Pool Boiling

(3)

3.3 Flow Boiling

(3)

References

(2)

4 NUCLEATE BOILING

(50)

V. K. Dhir

S. G. Kandlikar

Y. Fujita

Y. Iida

R. Heist

4.1 Introduction

(3)

V. K. Dhir

4.2 Effect of System Variables on Nucleate Boiling

(5)

V. K. Dhir

4.3 Nucleation Characteristics in Pool Boiling, Heterogeneous Nucleation

(6)

V. K. Dhir

4.4 Bubble Dynamics and Heat Transfer

(4)

V. K. Dhir

4.5 Nucleation Site Density

(4)

V. K. Dhir

4.6 Heat Transfer in Nucleate Boiling

(6)

V. K. Dhir

4.7 Pool Boiling in Binary Systems

(10)

S. G. Kandlikar

Y. Fujita

4.8 Homogeneous Nucleation of Liquids

109

(7)

Y. Iida

R. Heist

References

116

(5)

5 ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES IN POOL BOILING

121

(24)

A. Yabe

W. Nakayama

P. Di Marco

5.1 Introduction

121

(1)

A. Yabe

W. Nakayama

5.2 Basic Enhancement Mechanism in Pool Boiling

122

(3)

A. Yabe

W. Nakayama

5.3 Passive Methods of Pool Heat Transfer Enhancement

125

(8)

A. Yabe

W. Nakayama

5.4 Active Methods of Pool Boiling Enhancement

133

(8)

P. Di Marco

References

141

(4)

6 CRITICAL HEAT FLUX IN POOL BOILING

145

(22)

Y. Haramura

6.1 Critical Heat Flux in Saturated Pool Boiling of Pure Liquids

145

(6)

6.2 Mechanistic Models

151

(4)

6.3 Amount of Liquid Left in Macrolayer

155

(3)

6.4 Critical Heat Flux of Subcooled Pool Boiling for Single Component Liquid

158

(3)

6.5 Critical Heat Flux in Pool Boiling for Mixtures

161

(2)

References

163

(4)

7 FILM AND TRANSITION BOILING

167

(30)

S. Nishio

H. Auracher

7.1 Introduction

167

(1)

S. Nishio

7.2 Film Pool Boiling

168

(13)

S. Nishio

7.3 Transition Boiling

181

(12)

H. Auracher

References

193

(4)

8 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC MODELS

197

(8)

G. Hewitt

8.1 Introduction

197

(1)

8.2 Two-Phase Flow Systems

198

(2)

8.3 Flow Patterns

200

(1)

8.4 Modeling Two-Phase Flow Systems

201

(2)

8.5 Overview

203

(2)

9 FLUID MECHANICS ASPECTS OF TWO-PHASE FLOW

205

(56)

G. Hewitt

M. Kawaji

9.1 Flow Inside Circular Tubes

205

(28)

G. Hewitt

9.2 Flow In Other Geometries

233

(21)

M. Kawaji

References

254

(7)

10 TWO-PHASE FLOW INSTABILITIES

261

(18)

M. Ozawa

10.1 Introduction

261

(1)

10.2 Problem Description and Classification

261

(3)

10.3 Basic Mathematical Modeling

264

(4)

10.4 Density Wave Oscillation

268

(6)

10.5 Non-Linear Dynamics and Chaos

274

(4)

References

278

(1)

11 CRITICAL TWO PHASE FLOW

279

(6)

H. Nariai

11.1 Introduction

279

(2)

11.2 Equilibrium Critical Flow

281

(1)

11.3 Non-Equilibrium Critical Flow

282

(1)

11.4 Summary and Recommendation

283

(1)

References

283

(2)

12 TWO-PHASE FLOW AND BOILING HEAT TRANSFER IN TUBE BUNDLES

285

(26)

R. Dowlati

M. Kawaji

12.1 Introduction

285

(4)

12.2 Flow Regimes

289

(2)

12.3 Void Fraction

291

(6)

12.4 Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop

297

(3)

12.5 Two-Phase Heat Transfer Coefficient

300

(7)

References

307

(4)

13 EXTERNAL FLOW FILM BOILING

311

(20)

L. Witte

13.1 Introduction

311

(1)

13.2 Physical/Mathematical Models for Flow Film Boiling

311

(9)

13.3 Data Correlation and Comparison to Theory

320

(8)

13.4 Concluding Remarks

328

(1)

References

329

(2)

14 AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES AND EXTERNAL FLOW BOILING

331

(36)

M. Monde

T. Ueda

Y. Koizumi

V. K. Dhir

14.1 Impinging Jets and Other Geometries

331

(11)

M. Monde

14.2 Falling Film Evaporation and Boiling

342

(17)

T. Ueda

Y. Koizumi

14.3 Augmentation Techniques in External Flow Boiling

359

(4)

M. Monde

V. K. Dhir

References

363

(4)

15 FLOW BOILING IN CIRCULAR TUBES

367

(36)

S. G. Kandlikar

H. Nariai--15.2.4., 15.3.1-2, 15.3.7-8

15.1 Introduction

367

(1)

15.2 Subcooled Flow Boiling

368

(18)

15.3 Saturated Flow Boiling

386

(13)

References

399

(4)

16 FLOW BOILING IN ADVANCED GEOMETRIES AND APPLICATIONS

403

(40)

W. Nakayama

A. Yabe

P. Kew

K. Cornwell

S. G. Kandlikar

V. K. Dhir

16.1 Flow Boiling in Narrow Channels for Thermal Management of Microelectronic Equipment

403

(9)

W. Nakayama

A. Yabe

16.2 Flow Boiling in Compact Heat Exchangers

412

(16)

P. Kew

K. Cornwell

16.3 Flow Boiling of Binary Mixtures in Plain Tubes

428

(7)

S. G. Kandlikar

16.4 Flow Boiling in Microgravity

435

(1)

V. K. Dhir

References

436

(7)

17 CHF AND POST-CHF (POST-DRYOUT) HEAT TRANSFER

443

(52)

G. P. Celata

A. Mariani

17.1 CHF in Subcooled Flow Boiling

444

(15)

17.2 CHF in Saturated Flow Boiling

459

(18)

17.3 Post-CHF Heat Transfer

477

(7)

Appendix

484

(2)

References

486

(9)

18 FLOW BOILING AUGMENTATION

495

(28)

S. G. Kandlikar

G. P. Celata

A. Mariani

18.1 Augmentation of Subcooled Boiling Heat Transfer

495

(3)

S. G. Kandlikar

18.2 Augmentation of Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer

498

(14)

S. G. Kandlikar

18.3 Augmentation of CHF and Post-CHF Transfer

512

(6)

G. P. Celata

A. Mariani

References

518

(5)

19 FILM CONDENSATION

523

(58)

J. Rose

H. Uehara

S. Koyama

T. Fujii

19.1 Laminar Film Condensation of Pure Vapors

523

(14)

J. Rose

19.2 Transition and Turbulent Film Condensation

537

(14)

H. Uehara

19.3 Condensation on Tube Banks

551

(12)

H. Uehara

19.4 Condensation of Mixtures

563

(12)

S. Koyama

T. Fujii

References

575

(6)

20 DROPWISE CONDENSATION

581

(14)

J. Rose

Y. Utaka

I. Tanasawa

20.1 Introduction

581

(1)

20.2 Promotion of Dropwise Condensation

582

(1)

20.3 Dropwise Condensation of Steam

583

(6)

20.4 Dropwise Condensation of Organic Vapors

589

(1)

20.5 Heat Transfer Theory

590

(2)

References

592

(3)

21 DIRECT CONTACT CONDENSATION

595

(10)

I. Tanasawa

Y. Mori

Y. Utaka

21.1 Introduction

595

(1)

21.2 Case When a Low-Temperature Liquid Forms a Dispersed Phase

596

(4)

21.3 Case When a Vapor Forms a Dispersed Phase

600

(3)

References

603

(2)

22 AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES IN EXTERNAL CONDENSATION

605

(16)

H. Honda

J. Rose

22.1 Vertical Fluted Tube

605

(4)

22.2 Horizontal Finned Tube

609

(7)

22.3 Electrohydrodynamic Augmentation Techniques

616

(2)

22.4 Other Techniques

618

(1)

References

618

(3)

23 HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP IN INTERNAL FLOW CONDENSATION

621

(18)

S. Koyama

J. Yu

23.1 Introduction

621

(1)

23.2 Pressure Drop

622

(2)

23.3 Condensation Heat Transfer of Pure Vapors

624

(3)

23.4 Condensation Heat Transfer of Binary Mixtures

627

(6)

23.5 Condensation Heat Transfer of Multi-Component Mixtures

633

(2)

23.6 Future Research Needs

635

(1)

References

635

(4)

24 AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES AND CONDENSATION INSIDE ADVANCED GEOMETRIES

639

(40)

M. H. Kim

V. Srinivasan

R. K. Shah

24.1 Augmentation Techniques in Internal Flow Geometries

639

(14)

M. H. Kim

24.2 Condensation in Compact Heat Exchangers

653

(22)

V. Srinivasan

R. K. Shah

References

675

(4)

25 INSTRUMENTATION IN BOILING AND CONDENSATION STUDIES

679

(46)

J. Delhaye

N. Takenaka--25.4.3

D. Kenning--25.8

25.1 Basic Definitions

680

(2)

25.2 Local Void Fraction Measurements

682

(5)

25.3 Line Void Fraction Measurements

687

(5)

25.4 Area Void Fraction Measurements

692

(9)

25.5 Mass Flow Rate Measurements

701

(8)

25.6 Volumetric Interfacial Area Measurements

709

(2)

25.7 Measurements of Other Quantities of Interest

711

(2)

25.8 Liquid Crystal Thermography in Boiling

713

(3)

25.9 Concluding Remarks

716

(1)

References

717

(8)

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR COMMONLY USED QUANTITIES

725

(1)

CONVERSION FACTORS IN DIFFERENT UNITS

726

(3)

INDEX

729

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Handbook of Phase Change: Boiling and Condensation

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