Handshake Circuits: An Asynchronous

‘Design by programming’ has proved very successful in the development of complex software systems. This book describes the construction of programs for VLSI digital circuit design, using the language Tangram, and shows how they can be compiled automatically in fully asynchronous circuits. Handshake circuits were invented by the author to separate questions involving the efficient implementation of the VLSI circuits from issues arising in their design. Dr van Berkel presents a mathematical theory of handshake circuits and a silicon compiler supported by a correctness proof. The treatment of VLSI realizations of handshake circuits includes various forms of optimization, handshake refinement, message encoding, circuit initialization, and testing. The approach is illustrated with a host of examples drawn from a wide range of application areas. The book will be of use to electrical engineers and computer scientists involved in VLSI design.

Foreword

ix

Preface

xi

Introduction

1

(10)

VLSI systems

2

(2)

VLSI circuits

4

(7)

Introduction to Tangram and handshake circuits

11

(16)

Some simple Tangram programs

14

(2)

Some simple handshake circuits

16

(4)

Cost performance trade-offs

20

(7)

Examples of VLSI programs

27

(18)

FIR filter

27

(2)

Median filter

29

(2)

Block sorter

31

(2)

Greatest common divisor

33

(2)

Modulo-N counters

35

(4)

Stacks

39

(3)

Nacking arbiter

42

(1)

Discussion

43

(2)

Handshake processes

45

(28)

Introduction

45

(1)

Notational conventions

46

(3)

Handshake structures

49

(4)

Handshake processes

53

(12)

The complete partial order (Π·A)

65

(6)

Nondeterminism

71

(2)

Handshake circuits

73

(16)

Introduction

73

(1)

Parallel composition

74

(11)

Handshake circuits

85

(4)

Sequential handshake processes

89

(22)

Introduction

89

(1)

Sequential handshake processes

89

(4)

Handshake process calculus

93

(10)

Examples

103

(1)

Directed communications

104

(7)

Tangram

111

(12)

Introduction

111

(1)

Tangram

111

(6)

Tangram semantics

117

(1)

Core Tangram

118

(5)

Tangram → handshake circuits

123

(24)

Introduction

123

(2)

The compilation function

125

(14)

The compilation theorem

139

(8)

Handshake circuits → VLSI circuits

147

(28)

Introduction

147

(1)

Peephole optimization

148

(2)

Non-receptive handshake components

150

(2)

Handshake refinement

152

(6)

Message encoding

158

(1)

Handshake components → VLSI circuits

159

(5)

Initialization

164

(4)

Testing

168

(7)

In practice

175

(20)

VLSI programming and compilation

175

(9)

A compiled Tangram IC

184

(6)

Appraisal of asynchronous circuits

190

(5)

A Delay insensitivity

195

(6)

B Failure semantics

201

(8)

Bibliography

209

(8)

Glossary of symbols

217

(5)

Index

222

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Handshake Circuits: An Asynchronous Architecture for VLSI Programming

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials