Hegel and the Freedom of Moderns

, by Losurdo, Domenico; Morris, Marella; Morris, Jon

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ISBN: 9780822332916 | 0822332914
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/1/2004

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""Hegel and the Freedom of Moderns" constitutes an extremely valuable and original contribution to the study of the genealogy of modernity and of bourgeois culture."--Joseph A. Buttigieg, editor, "The Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci"

Translators' Note

xiii

Hegel Source Abbreviations

Preface to the Italian Edition

xvii

ONE A Liberal, Secret Hegel?

I Searching for the "Authentic" Hegel

(29)

1. Censorship and Self-Censorship

(6)

2. Linguistic Self-Censorship and Theoretical Compromise

(5)

3. Private Dimension and Philosophical Dimension

(2)

4. Hegel...a Mason?

(4)

5. Esoteric and Exoteric History

(3)

6. Philosophical Arguments and Political "Facts"

(3)

7. An Interpretative "Misunderstanding" or a Real Contradiction?

(6)

II The Philosophies of Right: A Turning Point or Continuity

(21)

1. Reason and Actuality

(7)

2. The Power of the Sovereign

(7)

3. One Turn, Two Turns, or No Turn at All

(7)

TWO Hegel, Marx, and the Liberal Tradition

III Contractualism and the Modern State

(18)

1. Anticontractualism = Antiliberalism?

(3)

2. Contractualism and the Doctrine of Natural Law

(2)

3. Liberal Anticontractualism

(2)

4. The Celebration of Nature and the Ideology of Reactionism

(4)

5. Hegel and Feudal, Proto-Bourgeois Contractualism

(3)

6. Contractualism and the Modern State

(4)

IV Conservative or Liberal? A False Dilemma

(25)

1. Bobbio's Dilemma

(1)

2. Authority and Freedom

(6)

3. State and Individual

(5)

4. The Right to Resistance

(4)

5. The Right of Extreme Need and Individual Rights

(3)

6. Formal and Substantive Freedom

(2)

7. Interpretative Categories and Ideological Presuppositions

(4)

V Hegel and the Liberal Tradition: Two Opposing Interpretations of History

(28)

1. Hegel and Revolutions

(4)

2. Revolutions from the Bottom-Up or from the Top-Down

100

(3)

3. Revolution According to the Liberal Tradition

103

(4)

4. Patricians and Plebeians

107

(4)

5. Monarchy and Republic

111

(2)

6. The Repression of the Aristocracy and the March Toward Freedom

113

(3)

7. Anglophobia and Anglophilia

116

(2)

8. Hegel, England, and the Liberal Tradition

118

(2)

9. Equality and Freedom

120

(4)

VI The Intellectual, Property, and the Social Question

124

(29)

1. Theoretical Categories and Immediate Political Options

124

(4)

2. The Individual and Institutions

128

(3)

3. Institutions and the Social Question

131

(2)

4. Labor and Otium

133

(5)

5. Intellectuals and Property-Owners

138

(3)

6. Property and Political Representation

141

(1)

7. Intellectuals and Craftsmen

142

(3)

8. A Banausic, Plebeian Hegel?

145

(3)

9. The Social Question and Industrial Society

148

(5)

THREE Legitimacy and Contradictions of Modernity

VII Right, Violence, and Notrecht

153

(27)

1. War and the Right to Property: Hegel and Locke

153

(2)

2. From the Ius Necessitatis to the Right of Extreme Need

155

(2)

3. The Contradictions of Modern Economic Development

157

(3)

4. Notrecht and Self-Defense: Locke, Fichte, and Hegel

160

(3)

5. "Negative Judgment," "Negatively Infinite Judgment," and "Rebellion"

163

(3)

6. Notrecht, Ancien Regime, and Modernity

166

(3)

7. The Starving Man and the Slave

169

(2)

8. Ius Necessitatis, Ius Resistentiae, Notrecht

171

(1)

9. The Conflicts of Right with Moral Intention and Extreme Need

172

(5)

10. An Unsolved Problem

177

(3)

VIII "Agora" and "Schole": Rousseau, Hegel, and the Liberal Tradition

180

(24)

1. The Image of Ancient Times in France and Germany

180

(1)

2. Cynics, Monks, Quakers, Anabaptists, and Sansculottes

181

(2)

3. Rousseau, the "Poor People's Grudge," and Jacobinism

183

(3)

4. Politics and Economics in Rousseau and Hegel

186

(3)

5. The Social Question and Taxation

189

(4)

6. State, Contract, and Joint-Stock Company

193

(2)

7. Christianity, Human Rights, and the Community of Citoyens

195

(4)

8. The Liberal Tradition and Criticism of Rousseau and Hegel

199

(1)

9. Defense of the Individual and Criticism of Liberalism

200

(4)

IX School, Division of Labor, and Modern Man's Freedom

204

(21)

1. School, State, and the French Revolution

204

(2)

2. Compulsory Education and Freedom of Conscience

206

(4)

3. School, State, Church, and Family

210

(3)

4. The Rights of Children

213

(2)

5. School, Stability, and Social Mobility

215

(5)

6. Professions and the Division of Labor

220

(2)

7. Division of Labor and the Banality of Modernity: Schelling, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche

222

(3)

X Moral Tension and the Primacy of Politics

225

(21)

1. Modern World and the Waning of Moral Heroes

225

(1)

2. Inconclusiveness and Narcissism in Moral-Religious Precepts

226

(2)

3. Modern World and the Restriction of the Moral Sphere

228

(2)

4. Hegel and Kant

230

(1)

5. Hegel, Schleiermacher, and the Liberal Tradition

231

(3)

6. Hegel, Burke, and Neo-Aristotelian Conservatism

234

(3)

7. Hegel, Aristotle, and the Rejection of Solipsistic Escape

237

(1)

8. The French Revolution and the Celebration of Ethicality

238

(3)

9. Morality, Ethicality, and Modern Freedom

241

(2)

10. Hegel's Ethical Model and Contemporary Actuality

243

(3)

XI Legitimacy of the Modern and Rationality of the Actual

246

(21)

1. The "Querelle des Anciens, des Modernes,"...and of the Ancient Germans

246

(1)

2. Rejection of Modernity, Cult of Heroes, and Anti-Hegelian Polemic

247

(3)

3. Kant, Kleist, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche

250

(3)

4. Modernity and the Uneasiness of the Liberal Tradition

253

(3)

5. Philistinism, Statism, and Modern Standardization

256

(4)

6. The Rationality of the Actual and the Difficult Balance between Legitimation and Criticism of Modernity

260

(7)

FOUR The Western World, Liberalism, and the Interpretation of Hegel's Thought

XII The Second Thirty Years War and the "Philosophical Crusade" against Germany

267

(23)

1. Germans, "Goths," "Huns," and "Vandals"

267

(1)

2. The Great Western Purge

268

(4)

3. The Transformation of the Liberal Western World

272

(4)

4. An Imaginary Western World, an Imaginary Germany

276

(3)

5. Hegel Faces the Western Tribunal

279

(3)

6. Ilting and the Liberal Rehabilitation of Hegel

282

(4)

7. Lukacs and the Burden of National Stereotypes

286

(4)

XIII Liberalism, Conservatism, the French Revolution, and Classic German Philosophy

290

(21)

1. Allgemeinheit and Egalite

290

(2)

2. The English Origins of German Conservatism

292

(4)

3. A Selective Anglophilia

296

(1)

4. Tracing the Origins of Social Darwinism and Fascist Ideology

297

(2)

5. Beyond National Stereotypes

299

(1)

6. Burke and the History of European Liberalism

300

(2)

7. Burke's School of Thought and Classic German Philosophy

302

(2)

8. Hegel and the Legacy of the French Revolution

304

(5)

9. The Conflicts of Freedom

309

(2)

Notes

311

(44)

Bibliography

355

(14)

Index

369

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Hegel and the Freedom of Moderns

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