Henry Thoreau

In this new biography, based on a reexamination of Thoreau's manuscripts and on retracing of his trips, Robert Richardson offers a view of Thoreau's life and achievement in their full nineteenth century context.

Preface

ix

1837 Return to Concord

3

(42)

Fall 1837: Commencement

Harvard under Quincy

Thoreau at Harvard

Concord

Emerson

The Classics

Germany

``Society.''

Concord Schoolmaster

Poetry

1838-1840 The Ethical Imperatives of Transcendentalism

45

(46)

Summer and Fall 1838

The Eye of Henry Thoreau

Self-Culture

Ellen

The Rivers

Aeschylus, Bravery

Transcendentalism

Summer 1840

Fall 1840

December 1840

1841-1843 American Reformation

91

(38)

Writing

Thoreau and Emerson

Brook Farm

Self-Reformation

The Orient

Fall 1841

Tragedy

Excursions

January and February 1843

Staten Island

1843-1845 The Road to Walden Pond

129

(32)

The New York Literary Scene

``A Winter Walk.''

The Railroad Comes to Concord

Inside the Civilized Man

Spring and Summer 1844

Fall 1844

Spring 1845

I Went to the Woods to Live Deliberately

The Epic of the Leaf

The New Typology of the Leaf

1846-1849 The Profession of Letters

161

(38)

Winter 1846: Carlyle

The New Adam (Smith)

Spring 1846: Walden

The Great Awakening

Summer 1846: Resistance to Civil Government

North Twin Lake and ``Ktaadn.''

Second Year at Walden

The Letters to Blake

A Perfect Piece of Stoicism

The Apollonian Vision

Spring and Summer 1849: ``I Have Chosen Letters.''

1849-1851 The Language of the Leopard: Wildness and Society

199

(36)

Shipwreck and Salvation on Cape Cod

Fall 1849, Spring 1850: Hindu Idealism

Spring 1850

July 1850: The Wreck of the Elizabeth

August and September 1850: The Material of a Million Concords

Fall 1850: Trip to Canada

The Red Face of Man I

The Red Face of Man II

November 1850 to April 1851: Gramatica Parda

Technological Conservative

Myth and Wildness

1851-1852 New Books, New Worlds

235

(42)

Spring 1851: The Naming of Apples

June 1851: The Four Worlds of Henry Thoreau

Thoreau, Darwin, and The Voyage of the Beagle

Summer 1851: Practical Transcendentalism

Fall 1851: This is my Home, my Native Soil

December 1851 to February 1852: The Short Days of Winter

Lapidae Crescunt

A Sufficient List of Failures

April 1852: William Gilpin and the articulation of landscape

The Articulation of Landscape

The Flowering of Man

My Year of Observation

August and September 1852: Country Life

1852-1854 Walden, or the Triumph of the Organic

277

(44)

Ante-Columbian History

The Jesuite Relations

Pantheism

America

Spring 1853: The Golden Gates

Summer 1853: Walden Five

Fall 1853: Friends

Chesuncook

January 1854: Walden Six

February and March 1854: Triumph of the Organic

Spring and Summer 1854: Anthony Burns

July and August 1854: Walden

1854-1862 The Economy of Nature

321

(70)

Night and Moonlight

New Friends

Life Without Principle

Recovery

The Dispersion of Seeds and the Succession of Forest Trees

Walt Whitman and the Ethics of Intensity

The Indian

Autumnal Tints, John Ruskin, and the Innocent Eye

Louis Agassiz and the Theory of Special Creation

A Plea for Captain Brown

Darwin and the Developmental Theory

Beyond Transcendentalism: The Natural History Projects

One World at a Time

Chronology

391

(2)

Principal Sources

393

(4)

Notes

397

(44)

Index

441

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Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials