- ISBN: 9781111841409 | 1111841403
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 1/23/2012
The best-selling text for introductory Latin American history courses, A HISTORY OF LATIN AMERICA encompasses political and diplomatic theory, class structure and economic organization, culture and religion, and the environment. The integrating framework is the dependency theory, the most popular interpretation of Latin American history, which stresses the economic relationship of Latin American nations to wealthier nations, particularly the United States. Spanning pre-historic times to the present, A HISTORY OF LATIN AMERICA takes both a chronological and a nation-by-nation approach, and includes the most recent historical analysis and the most up-to-date scholarship. The Ninth Edition includes expanded coverage of social and cultural history (including music) throughout and increased attention to women, indigenous cultures, and Afro-Latino people assures well balanced coverage of the region's diverse histories.
Maps | p. vi |
Preface | p. vii |
Introduction: The Geographic Background of Latin American History | p. xiii |
The Colonial Heritage of Latin America | p. 3 |
Ancient America | p. 7 |
Environment and Culture in Ancient America | p. 7 |
Populations in 1492 | p. 11 |
Nuclear America | p. 13 |
Early American Civilizations | p. 15 |
The Maya of Central America | p. 16 |
Maya Economy and Society | p. 19 |
Maya Religion and Learning | p. 20 |
Maya Decline and Transformation of Mesoamerica | p. 22 |
The Aztecs of Mexico | p. 24 |
Aztec Imperial Expansion | p. 24 |
Aztec Culture and Society | p. 27 |
The Incas of Peru | p. 30 |
Origins of Inca Culture | p. 30 |
Inca Economy and Society | p. 31 |
Inca Religion and Learning | p. 35 |
The Hispanic Background | p. 37 |
The Medieval Heritage of Iberia's Christian Kingdoms | p. 38 |
Castile | p. 40 |
Aragón | p. 41 |
Ferdinand and Isabella: The Catholic Sovereigns | p. 42 |
Restoration of Order | p. 42 |
Religious and Economic Reforms | p. 43 |
Foreign Policy | p. 44 |
Reappraisal of Ferdinand and Isabella's Policies | p. 45 |
The Hapsburg Era: Triumph and Tragedy | p. 48 |
The Reign of Charles | p. 48 |
The Reign of Philip II and the Remaining Hapsburgs | p. 50 |
The Waning Economy and Society | p. 50 |
Literary and Artistic Developments | p. 51 |
The Conquest of America | p. 53 |
The Great Voyages | p. 53 |
Exploration under Prince Henry | p. 53 |
The Sea Route to the East | p. 54 |
The Advance into the Atlantic | p. 55 |
The Voyages of Columbus | p. 56 |
The Discovery of America in Historical Perspective | p. 58 |
Balboa and Magellan | p. 62 |
The Conquest of Mexico | p. 63 |
Early Contact with Moctezuma | p. 63 |
Cortés-Quetzalcóatl | p. 64 |
The March to Tenochtitlán | p. 66 |
The Aftermath of Conquest | p. 67 |
The Conquest of Peru | p. 68 |
Pizarro and Atahualpa | p. 68 |
Post-Conquest Troubles | p. 69 |
How a Handful of Spaniards Won Two Empires | p. 70 |
The Quest for El Dorado | p. 72 |
Failures in North America | p. 72 |
Frustrations in South America | p. 73 |
The Conquistadors | p. 74 |
Lope de Aguirre-An Underdog of the Conquest | p. 76 |
The Economic Foundations of Colonial Life | p. 79 |
Tribute and Labor in the Spanish Colonies | p. 80 |
The Encomienda and Slavery | p. 80 |
The New Laws of the Indies and the Encomienda | p. 82 |
Repartimiento, Yanaconaje, and Free Labor | p. 84 |
Black Slavery | p. 86 |
The Colonial Economy | p. 87 |
Cortes as a Businessman | p. 87 |
The Growth of the Haciendas | p. 89 |
Spanish Agriculture in the New World | p. 90 |
Colonial Mining and Industry | p. 92 |
Commerce, Smuggling, and Piracy | p. 94 |
The Colonial Commercial System | p. 94 |
Sir Francis Drake, Piracy, and Plunder | p. 96 |
The Framework of the Colonial Economy | p. 97 |
State, Church, and Society | p. 99 |
Political Institutions of the Spanish Empire | p. 99 |
Formation of Colonial Administration | p. 99 |
The Royal Agents | p. 100 |
Provincial Administration | p. 102 |
Ineffectiveness of Much Spanish Colonial Law | p. 104 |
The Church in the Indies | p. 105 |
The Spiritual Conquest of America | p. 105 |
The Moral Decline of the Clergy and the Missionary Impulse | p. 108 |
The Inquisition in the New World | p. 110 |
The Church and Education | p. 111 |
Science, Literature, and the Arts | p. 112 |
The Structure of Class and Caste | p. 114 |
The Ruling Class | p. 115 |
The Mestizo: An Ambiguous Status | p. 116 |
Indigenous Peoples: A Separate Nation | p. 116 |
Blacks, Mulattos, Zambos: The Lowest Class | p. 120 |
Life in the City and on the Hacienda | p. 121 |
Marriage, Sexuality, and the Status of Women | p. 123 |
Colonial Brazil | p. 127 |
The Beginning of Colonial Brazil | p. 127 |
The Captaincy System | p. 127 |
Portugal's Indigenous Policy | p. 130 |
The French and Dutch Challenges | p. 131 |
The Mineral Cycle, the Cattle Industry, and the Commercial System | p. 132 |
Government and Church | p. 134 |
The Administrators and Their Deficiencies | p. 134 |
The Church and the State | p. 136 |
Masters and Slaves | p. 136 |
Color, Class, and Slavery | p. 137 |
Large Estates and Colonial Towns | p. 139 |
The Bourbon Reforms and Spanish America | p. 141 |
Reform and Recovery | p. 141 |
The Bourbon Reforms | p. 141 |
Revival of Colonial Commerce and Breakdown of Trading Monopoly | p. 143 |
Increased Economic Activity | p. 145 |
Labor Systems in the Eighteenth Century | p. 148 |
Early Labor Struggles | p. 149 |
Political Reforms | p. 150 |
Strengthening the Defenses | p. 152 |
Colonial Culture and the Enlightenment | p. 153 |
Creole Nationalism | p. 155 |
Colonial Society in Transition, 1750-1810: An Overview | p. 156 |
The Revolt of the Masses | p. 158 |
The Revolt in Peru | p. 160 |
The Insurrection in New Granada, 1781 | p. 163 |
The Independence of Latin America | p. 165 |
Background of the Wars of Independence | p. 165 |
Creoles and Peninsular Spaniards | p. 165 |
The Causes of Revolution | p. 168 |
The Liberation of South America | p. 170 |
Simón Bolívar, the Liberator | p. 170 |
The Southern Liberation Movement and San Martin | p. 174 |
The Achievement of Brazilian Independence | p. 177 |
Mexico's Road to Independence | p. 178 |
Latin American Independence: A Reckoning | p. 184 |
Latin America in the Nineteenth Century | p. 187 |
Decolonization and the Search for National Identities, 1821-1870 | p. 201 |
The Fruits of Independence | p. 201 |
Economic Stagnation | p. 202 |
Politics: The Conservative and Liberal Programs | p. 203 |
Mexico | p. 205 |
The Mexican Economy | p. 205 |
Politics: Liberals versus Conservatives | p. 206 |
La Reforma, Civil War, and the French Intervention | p. 209 |
Postwar Transformation of La Reforma | p. 212 |
Argentina | p. 213 |
The Liberation of Paraguay, Uruguay, and Upper Peru | p. 213 |
The Struggle for Progress and National Unity | p. 214 |
The Paraguayan War | p. 217 |
Progress and Development under Sarmiento | p. 218 |
Chile | p. 220 |
Portales and Economic Growth | p. 220 |
Economic Expansion under Bulnes | p. 221 |
Montt's Moderate Reforms | p. 222 |
Liberal Control | p. 223 |
United Provinces of Central America | p. 224 |
Independence and the Failure of Union, 1810-1865 | p. 224 |
Race, Nation, and the Meaning of Freedom, 1821-1888 | p. 227 |
Brazil | p. 229 |
Dom Pedro, Emperor | p. 229 |
Regency, Revolt, and a Boy Emperor | p. 230 |
The Game of Politics and the Crisis of Slavery | p. 233 |
The Antislavery Movement | p. 234 |
Peru | p. 236 |
Peruvian Politics and Economy | p. 237 |
Pardo and the Civilianist Party | p. 238 |
Cuba | p. 239 |
Economic and Social Change: The Bitter Harvest of King Sugar | p. 239 |
The Ten Years' War | p. 242 |
Gran Colombia | p. 244 |
Páez, the Conservative-Liberal Split, and the Federal War in Venezuela, 1830-1863 | p. 246 |
Santander and the Birth of a Two-Party System in Colombia, 1830-1850 | p. 248 |
The Triumph of Neocolonialism and the Liberal State, 1870-1900 | p. 251 |
The New Colonialism | p. 251 |
Expansion of the Hacienda System | p. 253 |
Foreign Control of Resources | p. 254 |
The Politics of Acquisition | p. 255 |
Mexican Politics and Economy | p. 255 |
Dictatorship under Díaz | p. 255 |
Concentration of Landownership | p. 257 |
The Economic Advance | p. 258 |
Labor, Agrarian, and Middle-Class Unrest | p. 259 |
Argentine Politics and Economy | p. 260 |
Consolidation of the State | p. 260 |
Economic Boom and Inflation | p. 261 |
The Formation of the Radical Party | p. 262 |
Electoral Reform and the Growth of the Labor Movement | p. 263 |
Chilean Politics and Economy | p. 263 |
Nitrates and War | p. 263 |
Aftermath of the War of the Pacific | p. 265 |
Balmaceda's Nationalistic Policies | p. 267 |
The Parliamentary Republic, Foreign Economic Domination, and the Growth of the Working Class | p. 268 |
Brazilian Politics and Economy | p. 269 |
The Fall of the Monarchy | p. 269 |
The New Republic | p. 269 |
The Economic Revolution | p. 271 |
Central American Politics and Economy | p. 274 |
Guatemala, 1865-1898 | p. 274 |
Nicaragua, 1870-1909 | p. 275 |
El Salvador, 1876-1911 | p. 276 |
Venezuelan Politics and Economy | p. 276 |
Colombian Politics and Economy | p. 278 |
Rafael Nunez, the "Regeneration," and the War of a Thousand Days, 1880-1903 | p. 279 |
Index I | p. 1 |
Maps | |
Geographic Features of Middle America | p. xiv |
Geographic Features of South America | p. xv |
Principal Sites of Pre-Conquest Culture in Mesoamerica | p. 17 |
Valley of Mexico | p. 26 |
Growth of the Inca Empire, 1460-1532 | p. 33 |
Spain in the Time of Christopher Columbus | p. 46 |
Early Spanish Voyages in the Caribbean | p. 61 |
Colonial Conquest, Trade, and Enslavement in the Making of Latin America | p. 88 |
Viceroyalties and Audiencias in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America | p. 102 |
Colonial Brazil | p. 129 |
Viceroyalties in Latin America in 1780 | p. 151 |
Latin America, 1830 | p. 207 |
War and National Development in Paraguay and Bolivia, 1864-1938 | p. 219 |
War of the Pacific | p. 266 |
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