Host-Parasite Interactions

This volume summarizes current research into the physiology and molecular biology of host-parasite interactions. Brought together by leading international experts in the field, the first section outlines fundamental processes, followed by specific examples in the concluding section. Covering a wide range of organisms, Host-Parasite Interactionsis essential reading for researchers in the field.

Contributors

viii

Abbreviations

x

Preface

xiii

Structural and physiological aspects of cell death

1

(12)

Dieter Steinhagen

Introduction

1

(1)

Cell death: necrosis or apoptosis?

2

(1)

Intracellular ion and energy levels

3

(3)

Immunological implications

6

(1)

Detection of necrosis

6

(1)

Necrotic cell death in the context of fish diseases

7

(1)

Summary and perspective

8

(1)

Acknowledgements

9

(1)

References

9

(4)

The role of apoptosis in non-mammalian host-parasite relationships

13

(32)

Dave Hoole

Gwyn T. Williams

Introduction

13

(3)

Basic concepts of apoptosis

16

(2)

Apoptosis in lower vertebrates

18

(3)

Association between viral infections and apoptosis

21

(4)

Association between bacterial infections and apoptosis

25

(2)

Association between apoptosis and protozoan and metazoan infections

27

(5)

Apoptosis and stress

32

(2)

Summary

34

(1)

Acknowledgements

35

(1)

References

35

(10)

Thionine-positive cells in relation to parasites

45

(22)

Michael E. Nielsen

Thomas Lindenstrom

Jens Sigh

Kurt Buchmann

Definition of thionine-positive cells

45

(4)

Thionine-positive cells and anti-parasitic immunity

49

(10)

Thionine-positive cells in lower vertebrates

59

(3)

Concluding remarks

62

(1)

Acknowledgements

62

(1)

References

63

(4)

Animal models for the study of innate immunity: protozoan infections in fish

67

(24)

Maaike Joerink

Jeroen P.J. Saeij

James L. Stafford

Miodrag Belosevic

Geert F. Wiegertjes

Introduction

67

(4)

Macrophages

71

(12)

Macrophage polarization during infection with kinetoplastid parasites

83

(1)

Future perspective

84

(1)

Acknowledgements

85

(1)

References

85

(6)

The pathophysiology of salmonid cryptobiosis and Glossina-transmitted mammalian trypanosomiasis in livestock

91

(16)

Patrick T.K. Woo

Introduction

91

(1)

Pathogens

91

(1)

Clinical signs

92

(1)

Susceptibility, pathogen-tolerance and pathogen-resistance in naive animals

92

(2)

Anaemia and its mechanism

94

(1)

Pathogenicity

95

(1)

Thrombocytopenia and hypocomplementaemia

96

(1)

Immunodepression

97

(1)

Endocrine system and reproduction

97

(2)

Conclusions

99

(1)

References

99

(8)

The biology of parasites from the genus Argulus and a review of the interactions with its host

107

(24)

Peter D. Walker

Gert Flik

Sjoerd E. Wendelaar Bonga

Introduction

107

(1)

Life cycle, growth and development

108

(2)

Morphology

110

(5)

Distribution and seasonality

115

(1)

Parasite-host interactions

115

(9)

Control and prevention

124

(1)

Conclusions

125

(1)

Acknowledgements

125

(1)

References

125

(6)

Interactions between sea lice and their hosts

131

(30)

Stewart C. Johnson

Mark D. Fast

Introduction

131

(1)

The life cycle

132

(1)

Morphological features of sea lice

133

(3)

Attachment and feeding mechanisms

136

(2)

Pathological effects of sea lice attachment and feeding

138

(3)

Physiological effects of sea lice infection

141

(4)

Immune responses to sea lice

145

(2)

The effects of hosts on sea lice

147

(1)

Host immunomodulation by sea lice

148

(2)

Future directions

150

(3)

References

153

(8)

Interactive associations between fish hosts and monogeneans

161

(24)

Kurt Buchmann

Thomas Lindenstrom

Jose Bresciani

Introduction

161

(6)

Monogenean interactions with the host

167

(4)

Host responses

171

(6)

Control measures against monogeneans based on interactive associations

177

(1)

Conclusion

178

(1)

Acknowledgements

178

(1)

References

178

(7)

Comparative aspects of the tick-host relationship: immunobiology, genomics and proteomics

185

(26)

Francisco J. Alarcon-Chaidez

Stephen K. Wikel

Introduction

185

(1)

Life cycles and ecology

186

(2)

Tick-borne pathogens

188

(2)

Host-acquired immunity to tick infestation

190

(2)

Bioactive compounds in tick saliva

192

(2)

Tick modulation of host immune function

194

(2)

Ticks as vectors of disease

196

(1)

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules

197

(1)

Anti-tick vaccines

198

(1)

Prospects for the use of functional genomics for tick control

199

(2)

Conclusions

201

(1)

Acknowledgements

201

(1)

References

202

(9)

Avian coccidiosis: a disturbed host-parasite relationship to be restored

211

(32)

Arno N. Vermeulen

Introduction

211

(1)

Evolution of the biology of the parasite and its host

212

(3)

Evolution of parasite virulence

215

(1)

Changing the scene

216

(2)

Pathological phenomena associated with overexploitation

218

(1)

The avian immune system

219

(3)

Immunity against coccidial infections

222

(4)

Restoring the balance between host and parasite

226

(6)

Summary

232

(1)

Acknowledgements

232

(1)

References

233

(10)

Conclusions

243

(4)

Geert Wiegertjes

Gert Flik

Index

247

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Host-Parasite Interactions

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials