How to Show Things With Words

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ISBN: 9783110179958 | 3110179954
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 4/1/2006

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This book straddles the border between linguistics and philosophy to address, on a sound interdisciplinary basis, the narrative-theoretical issue of proximal vs. distal stance adoption. In languages with no grammaticalized evidential systems, the epistemological structure of discourse underlying perspectival oppositions is heavily dependent on the self-expression of language-using personae and must thereby be inferred from a well-defined set of surface markers. For that matter, the book provides an in-depth formal semantic account of tense, aspect and Aktionsart, supported by the cognitive processes inherent in eventuality-description types.

Preface

vii

List of figures

List of tables

xix

Abbreviations

xxi

Introduction

(14)

Part 1: Prolegomena

The linguistic structure of narrative transmission

(40)

Introduction

(1)

The showing--telling distinction

(8)

Quantitative indicators of scene and summary

(3)

Markedness in narrative pace: The dramatic mode

(5)

Narrative transmission as cognitive distance: From evidential modalities to indication signs

(21)

The problem of mimesis

(1)

The linguistic coding of epistemology

(9)

Evidential retrieval and perception verb complements (PVCs)

(6)

Evidentials as indexicals: The origins of showing

(5)

The role of tense, aspect and `Aktionsart'

(6)

Tense and evidential skewing

(2)

Episodic and generic sentences

(2)

±STAT eventuality descriptions

(2)

Concluding remarks

(4)

Linguistics in narratology: A critical historical survey

(52)

Introduction

(3)

Ingarden, Stanzel, Hamburger: The neutralization of the `episches Prateritum' as a past-tense form

(8)

Muller: Quantitative indicators and beyond

(3)

Weinrich's textlinguistic theory: A tense-centered approach to backgrounded narrative discourse

(9)

Uspensky: Synchronic and retrospective viewpoints as a function of tense and aspect oppositions

(6)

Barthes: The semiotics of `L' effet de reel'

(5)

Chatman and Prince: `Aktionsart' revisited

(4)

Caenepeel: Perspectivally situated vs. perspectivally non-situated sentences

(8)

Chafe: Displacement and immediacy in conversational language vs. displaced immediacy in narrative fiction

101

(4)

Concluding remarks

105

(2)

The narrating stance as locutionary subjectivity

107

(50)

Introduction

107

(2)

Speech-act theory and narrative discourse

109

(8)

Sentence types as carriers of illocutionary force

109

(3)

The form--meaning relationship problem

112

(1)

The abstract performative analysis

112

(2)

Illocutionary-force coding operators

114

(1)

Statement-making sentences as a necessary but not sufficient condition for mimetic narrative discourse

115

(2)

The philosophical research on linguistic functions

117

(16)

Setting the stage

117

(1)

Anton Marty: Intimation and arousal; meaning as function or illocutionary point vs. meaning as propositional content

118

(4)

Indicative signs in Husserl's ideational theory of meaning

122

(1)

Indication vs. expression

122

(2)

Intimation of non-extensional expressions and intimation of non-linguistic acts proper

124

(6)

Buhler's organon model of language

130

(2)

Jakobson's extended functional model

132

(1)

The phenomenological make-up of the narrating stance as locutionary subjectivity

133

(13)

The intentional stance

133

(3)

The concept of objectivating act

136

(1)

Signitive vs. intuitive objectivating acts

137

(7)

Doing away with non-objectivating acts

144

(2)

Locutionary subjectivity as a function of tense, aspect and `Aktionsart'

146

(4)

Summary and conclusion

150

(7)

Part 2: The temporal--perspectival organization of discourse

Tense

157

(54)

Introduction

157

(1)

Reichenbach's theory of tense

158

(15)

Tenses as ordered triples of time-points

158

(4)

The ambivalence of Reichenbach's reference point

162

(1)

The `erratic fate' of a seminal concept

162

(1)

Reference time and temporal anaphora

163

(6)

Reference point and temporal perspective

169

(4)

Tense in narrative discourse

173

(29)

The choice of a formal system

173

(2)

Hybrid improved tense-logic (HITL)

175

(3)

Simple past tensed discourse

178

(3)

Sequences of simple past and past perfect sentences

181

(3)

Discourse Representation Theory (DRT)

184

(4)

The simple present and the present perfect

188

(4)

Present and past tense systems: A comparative analysis

192

(3)

Si nemo a me quaeret, scio, si quaerenti explicare velim, nescio

195

(7)

Tense, perception and memory

202

(7)

Concluding remarks

209

(2)

Aspect

211

(46)

Introduction

211

(2)

Classificatory systems of aspectual oppositions

213

(12)

Perfective vs. imperfective aspect

213

(3)

Phase and habitual aspects as separate categories

216

(4)

Internal vs. external aspect forms

220

(4)

A tentative aspectual reclassification

224

(1)

Viewpoint aspect and point of view: A first view on the role played by imperfective meaning

225

(20)

IMP: An aspectually sensitive tense

225

(1)

Tpt-based approaches to internal perspective

226

(4)

TPpt-based approaches to internal perspective

230

(3)

PROG: A state-forming aspectual operator

233

(1)

Synchronic and diachronic linguistic evidence

234

(2)

PROG = +STAT modulo the subinterval condition

236

(3)

The phenomenology of state perception

239

(6)

Imperfectivity as a two-edged aspectual form or another view on viewpoint aspect and point of view

245

(8)

The plural form of imperfective sentences

245

(4)

The habitual reading of the French IMP

249

(4)

A note on iterativity

253

(2)

Concluding remarks

255

(2)

Aktionsart

257

(38)

Introduction

257

(1)

Vendler's aspectual classes

258

(12)

Syntactic tests and entailment relations

258

(5)

A brief informal characterization

263

(3)

Aspectual multivalence: Telic and atelic coercion

266

(4)

Formal semantic approaches to `Aktionsart'

270

(24)

Dowty's aspect calculus

270

(4)

Beyond aspectual feature algebras

274

(3)

Multi-indexed modal analysis of gradual becoming

277

(8)

Lattice-theoretic event semantics

285

(4)

Two-dimensional dynamic temporal logic

289

(5)

Concluding remarks

294

(1)

The effects of Aktionsart on narrative transmission

295

(90)

Introduction

295

(2)

STAT eventuality descriptions

297

(53)

Protracted and non-protracted situations

297

(2)

Achievements

299

(1)

Accomplishments

300

(15)

Activities

315

(10)

The phenomenology of event perception

325

(1)

Motion proper vs. simple displacement

325

(7)

From survey-knowledge to route-knowledge

332

(1)

The bird's-eye perspective

332

(5)

The field-perspective

337

(7)

Nonmotional changes of state

344

(6)

+STAT eventuality descriptions

350

(25)

Stage-level predicates

350

(10)

Individual-level predicates

360

(9)

Thetic and categorical judgements

369

(6)

World-knowledge based event semantics

375

(8)

The `specious' present hypothesis

375

(1)

Revisiting the phenomenology of event perception

376

(1)

Achievements

376

(3)

Accomplishments

379

(4)

Activities

383

(1)

Concluding remarks

383

(2)

Conclusion

385

(16)

Appendix 1

401

(10)

Appendix 2

411

(4)

Notes

415

(68)

References

483

(36)

Index of names

519

(8)

Index of subjects

527

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How to Show Things With Words

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials