Human Anatomy and Physiology

, by Marieb, Elaine Nicpon

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ISBN: 9780805351170 | 0805351175
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/1/1999

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UNIT I ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY

The Human Body: An Orientation

(23)

An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

(1)

Levels of Structural Organization

(4)

Maintaining Life

(2)

Homeostasis

(4)

The Language of Anatomy

(12)

A Closer Look Medical Imaging: Illuminating the Body

(6)

Chemistry Comes Alive

(1)

PART 1 BASIC CHEMISTRY

(14)

Definition of Concepts: Matter and Energy

(1)

Composition of Matter: Atoms and Elements

(4)

How Matter Is Combined: Molecules and Mixtures

(2)

Chemical Bonds

(4)

Chemical Reactions

(3)

PART 2 BIOCHEMISTRY

(150)

Inorganic Compounds

(4)

Organic Compounds

(19)

Cells: The Living Units

(46)

Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life

(1)

The Plasma Membrane: Structure

(4)

The Plasma Membrane: Functions

(10)

The Cytoplasm

(11)

The Nucleus

(2)

Cell Growth and Reproduction

(12)

Extracellular Materials

103

(1)

Developmental Aspects of Cells

103

(5)

A Closer Look Cancer---The Intimate Enemy

(14)

Tissue: The Living Fabric

108

(34)

Epithelial Tissue

109

(10)

Connective Tissue

119

(11)

Epithelial Membranes

130

(2)

Nervous Tissue

132

(2)

Muscle Tissue

134

(1)

Tissue Repair

134

(4)

Developmental Aspects of Tissues

138

(4)

A Closer Look Cartilage---Strong Water

133

(9)

UNIT II COVERING, SUPPORT, AND MOVEMENT OF THE BODY

The Integumentary System

142

(22)

The Skin

143

(5)

Appendages of the Skin

148

(5)

Functions of the Integumentary System

153

(2)

Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin

155

(2)

Developmental Aspects of the Integumentary System

157

(7)

A Closer Look Vampires: Where(wolf) Art Thou?

148

(10)

Making Connections

158

(6)

Bones and Skeletal Tissues

164

(24)

Skeletal Cartilages

165

(1)

Functions of Bones

165

(2)

Classification of Bones

167

(1)

Bone Structure

168

(4)

Bone Development (Osteogenesis)

172

(4)

Bone Homeostasis: Remodeling and Repair

176

(5)

Homeostatic Imbalances of Bone

181

(3)

Developmental Aspects of Bones: Timing of Events

184

(4)

A Closer Look Them Bones, Them Bones Goin' to Walk Around---Clinical Advances in Bone Repair

179

(3)

Making Connections

182

(6)

The Skeleton

188

(1)

PART 1 THE AXIAL SKELETON

189

(25)

The Skull

189

(15)

The Vertebral Column

204

(7)

The Bony Thorax

211

(3)

PART 2 THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON

214

(925)

The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle

214

(3)

The Upper Limb

217

(3)

The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle

220

(2)

The Lower Limb

222

(5)

Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton

227

(7)

Joints

234

(26)

Classification of Joints

235

(1)

Fibrous Joints

235

(1)

Cartilaginous Joints

236

(1)

Synovial Joints

237

(16)

Homeostatic Imbalances of Joints

253

(4)

Developmental Aspects of Joints

257

(3)

A Closer Look Joints: From Knights in Shining Armor to Bionic Man

256

(4)

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

260

(42)

Overview of Muscle Tissues

261

(1)

Skeletal Muscle

262

(27)

Smooth Muscle

289

(5)

Developmental Aspects of Muscles

294

(8)

Making Connections

296

(6)

The Muscular System

302

(60)

Muscle Mechanics: Importance of Leverage and Fascicle Arrangement

303

(3)

Interactions of Skeletal Muscles in the Body

306

(1)

Naming Skeletal Muscles

307

(1)

Major Skeletal Muscles of the Body

307

(55)

Muscles of the Head, Part I: Facial Expression

312

(2)

Muscles of the Head, Part II: Mastication and Tongue Movement

314

(2)

Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat: Swallowing

316

(2)

Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head and Trunk Movements

318

(4)

Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing

322

(2)

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall: Trunk Movements and Compression of Abdominal Viscera

324

(2)

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic Organs

326

(2)

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior Thorax: Movements of the Scapula

328

(2)

Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm

330

(3)

Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm

333

(1)

Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

334

(4)

Summary of Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand

338

(2)

Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers

340

(2)

Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and Leg

342

(6)

Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the Ankle and Toes

348

(6)

Summary of Actions of Muscles Acting on the Thigh, Leg, and Foot

354

(2)

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Toe Movement and Arch Support

356

(6)

UNIT III REGULATION AND INTEGRATION OF THE BODY

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

362

(42)

Organization of the Nervous System

363

(1)

Histology of Nervous Tissue

364

(9)

Neurophysiology

373

(22)

Basic Concepts of Neural Integration

395

(4)

Developmental Aspects of Neurons

399

(5)

A Closer Look Pleasure Me, Pleasure Me!

396

(8)

The Central Nervous System

404

(52)

The Brain

405

(33)

The Spinal Cord

438

(11)

Diagnostic Procedures for Assessing CNS Dysfunction

449

(1)

Developmental Aspects of the Central Nervous System

449

(7)

A Closer Look ``He-Brain'' Versus ``She-Brain''

437

(19)

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

456

(38)

Overview of the Peripheral Nervous System

457

(9)

Cranial Nerves

466

(8)

Spinal Nerves

474

(10)

Reflex Activity

484

(6)

Developmental Aspects of the Peripheral Nervous System

490

(4)

A Closer Look Pain: Sound the Alarm, But Pain Me Not!

464

(30)

The Autonomic Nervous System

494

(24)

Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System

495

(2)

Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System

497

(8)

Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System

505

(9)

Homeostatic Imbalances of the Autonomic Nervous System

514

(1)

Developmental Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System

514

(4)

A Closer Look Learned Fear: How Scary Things Get That Way

511

(1)

Making Connections

512

(6)

Neural Integration

518

(18)

Sensory Integration: From Reception to Perception

519

(3)

Motor Integration: From Intention to Effect

522

(3)

Higher Mental Functions

525

(11)

The Special Senses

536

(50)

The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell

537

(5)

The Eye and Vision

542

(21)

The Ear: Hearing and Balance

563

(15)

Developmental Aspects of the Special Senses

578

(8)

The Endocrine System

586

(40)

The Endocrine System: An Overview

587

(1)

Hormones

588

(5)

Major Endocrine Organs

593

(25)

Other Hormone-Producing Structures

618

(1)

Developmental Aspects of the Endocrine System

619

(7)

A Closer Look Athletes Looking Good and Doing Better with Anabolic Steroids?

600

(20)

Making Connections

620

(6)

UNIT IV MAINTENANCE OF THE BODY

Blood

626

(30)

Overview: Composition and Functions of Blood

627

(1)

Blood Plasma

628

(1)

Formed Elements

629

(13)

Hemostasis

642

(6)

Transfusion and Blood Replacement

648

(4)

Diagnostic Blood Tests

652

(1)

Developmental Aspects of Blood

652

(4)

A Closer Look Concocting Blood: Artificial Blood Substitutes

650

(6)

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

656

(34)

Heart Anatomy

657

(9)

Blood Supply to the Heart: Coronary Circulation

666

(1)

Properties of Cardiac Muscle Fibers

667

(3)

Heart Physiology

670

(14)

Developmental Aspects of the Heart

684

(6)

A Closer Look Oh, What a Beautiful Morning---Then, Heart Boosters, Retreads, and Replacements

680

(10)

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

690

(54)

Overview of Blood Vessel Structure and Function

691

(7)

Physiology of Circulation

698

(1)

Introduction to Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance

698

(2)

Systemic Blood Pressure

700

(2)

Maintaining Blood Pressure

702

(8)

Blood Flow Through Body Tissues

710

(6)

Circulatory Pathways: Blood Vessels of the Body

716

(1)

Pulmonary and Systemic Circulations

720

(2)

The Aorta and Major Arteries of the Systemic Circulation

722

(2)

Arteries of the Head and Neck

724

(2)

Arteries of the Upper Limbs and Thorax

726

(2)

Arteries of the Abdomen

728

(2)

Arteries of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs

730

(1)

The Venae Cavae and the Major Veins of the Systemic Circulation

731

(3)

Veins of the Head and Neck

734

(2)

Veins of the Upper Limbs and Thorax

736

(2)

Veins of the Abdomen

738

(2)

Veins of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs

740

Developmental Aspects of the Blood Vessels

717

(27)

A Closer Look Arteriosclerosis? Get Out the Cardiovascular Drano

694

(24)

Making Connections

718

(26)

The Lymphatic System

744

(14)

Lymphatic Vessels

745

(2)

Lymphoid Cells, Tissues, and Organs: An Overview

747

(2)

Lymph Nodes

749

(1)

Other Lymphoid Organs

750

(3)

Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic System

753

(5)

Making Connections

754

(4)

Nonspecific Body Defenses and Immunity

758

(40)

Nonspecific Body Defenses

759

(1)

Surface Barriers: Skin and Mucosae

759

(1)

Nonspecific Cellular and Chemical Defenses

760

(7)

Specific Body Defenses: Immunity

767

(3)

Antigens

770

(1)

Cells of the Immune System: An Overview

771

(4)

Humoral Immune Response

775

(6)

Cell-Mediated Immune Response

781

(8)

Homeostatic Imbalances of Immunity

789

(5)

Developmental Aspects of the Immune System

794

(4)

A Closer Look Mind over Malady?

768

(30)

The Respiratory System

798

(50)

Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System

799

(14)

Mechanics of Breathing

813

(7)

Gas Exchanges in the Body

820

(5)

Transport of Respiratory Gases by Blood

825

(6)

Control of Respiration

831

(5)

Respiratory Adjustments During Exercise and at High Altitudes

836

(1)

Homeostatic Imbalances of the Respiratory System

837

(4)

Developmental Aspects of the Respiratory System

841

(7)

A Closer Look Dangerous Raptures of the Deep

830

(8)

Making Connections

838

(10)

The Digestive System

848

(60)

Overview of the Digestive System

849

(6)

Functional Anatomy of the Digestive System

855

(1)

The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus

855

(11)

The Stomach

866

(9)

The Small Intestine and Associated Structures

875

(11)

The Large Intestine

886

(6)

Physiology of Chemical Digestion and Absorption

892

(1)

Chemical Digestion

892

(4)

Absorption

896

(3)

Developmental Aspects of the Digestive System

899

(9)

Making Connections

900

(8)

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation

908

(56)

Nutrition

909

(14)

Metabolism

923

(27)

Body Energy Balance

950

(7)

Developmental Aspects of Nutrition and Metabolism

957

(7)

A Closer Look Obesity: Magical Solution Wanted

948

(16)

The Urinary System

964

(36)

Kidney Anatomy

965

(7)

Kidney Physiology: Mechanisms of Urine Formation

972

(17)

Ureters

989

(1)

Urinary Bladder

990

(1)

Urethra

991

(1)

Micturition

991

(1)

Developmental Aspects of the Urinary System

992

(8)

A Closer Look Renal Failure and the Artificial Kidney

994

(6)

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

1000

(30)

Body Fluids

1001

(4)

Water Balance

1005

(2)

Electrolyte Balance

1007

(8)

Acid-Base Balance

1015

(8)

Developmental Aspects of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

1023

(7)

A Closer Look Sleuthing: Using Blood Values to Determine the Cause of Acidosis or Alkalosis

1022

(2)

Making Connections

1024

(6)

UNIT V CONTINUITY

The Reproductive System

1030

(48)

Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System

1031

(5)

Physiology of the Male Reproductive System

1036

(10)

Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

1046

(8)

Physiology of the Female Reproductive System

1054

(8)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

1062

(2)

Developmental Aspects of the Reproductive System: Chronology of Sexual Development

1064

(14)

A Closer Look Contraception: To Be or Not To Be

1068

(2)

Making Connections

1070

(8)

Pregnancy and Human Development

1078

(30)

From Egg to Embryo

1080

(7)

Events of Embryonic Development

1087

(9)

Events of Fetal Development

1096

(1)

Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother

1096

(3)

Parturition (Birth)

1099

(3)

Adjustments of the Infant to Extrauterine Life

1102

(1)

Lactation

1103

(5)

A Closer Look Baby Making: Popsicles, GIFTs, and Surrogate Moms

1086

(22)

Heredity

1108

(31)

The Vocabulary of Genetics

1109

(1)

Sexual Sources of Genetic Variation

1110

(2)

Types of Inheritance

1112

(4)

The Influence of Environmental Factors on Gene Expression

1116

(1)

Nontraditional Inheritance

1116

(1)

Genetic Screening, Counseling, and Therapy

1117

(6)

APPENDICES

A The Metric System

1123

(2)

B The Amino Acids

1125

(1)

C Functional Groups in Organic Molecules

1126

(1)

D Three Important Metabolic Pathways

1127

(3)

E Periodic Table of the Elements

1130

(1)

F Reference Values for Selected Blood and Urine Studies

1131

(5)

G Answers to Making Connections, Multiple Choice, and Matching Questions

1136

(3)

Credits

1139

(2)

Glossary

1141

(20)

Index

1161

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Human Anatomy and Physiology

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