Human Rights Worldwide: A Reference Handbook

This work offers an insightful guide to the global struggle for human rights, the problems and shortcomings of the international human rights regime, and the resources essential to human rights studies.

Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat is professor of political science and women's studies at Purchase College of the State University of New York.

List of Tables

xv

Preface

xvii

The Origins and Development of the Concept of Human Rights

1

(32)

Sources of Human Rights

2

(1)

Moral and Philosophical Foundations of Human Rights

2

(4)

Legal and Political Foundations of Human Rights

6

(3)

Development of International Human Rights

9

(5)

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

14

(2)

The UN, International Bill of Rights, and Human Rights Agencies

16

(5)

The Regional and Cultural Human Rights Regimes

21

(2)

International Law and Human Rights

23

(2)

The International Criminal Court

25

(3)

References

28

(5)

Issues of Contention and Debate

33

(26)

Generations of Rights

34

(4)

Individual versus Group Rights

38

(2)

Positive versus Negative Rights

40

(3)

Universalism versus Cultural Relativism

43

(10)

References

53

(6)

Persistent and Current Human Rights Issues

59

(36)

Racism and Ethnic Cleansing

59

(3)

Abuse in Custody: Prisoners, Torture, and Police Brutality

62

(2)

Armed Conflicts and International Violence: Arms Trade, Child Soldiers, Land Mines, and Terrorism

64

(5)

Global Refugee Crisis

69

(3)

Economic Crisis: Globalization, Poverty, and Debt

72

(6)

Labor Rights, Child Labor, and Corporate Accountability

78

(5)

Gender Discrimination and Women's Rights

83

(5)

Environmental Protection and Rights

88

(2)

References

90

(5)

The United States and Human Rights

95

(28)

Human Rights Conditions and Practices in the United States

95

(9)

U.S. Participation in the International Human Rights Regime

104

(6)

U.S. Foreign Policy and Human Rights

110

(9)

References

119

(4)

Chronology of Human Rights Events

123

(24)

Biographical Sketches

147

(28)

Hanan Ashrawi (1946--)

148

(1)

Roger Baldwin (1884--1981)

149

(1)

Peter Benenson (1921--2005)

150

(1)

Jimmy Carter (1924--)

151

(2)

Rene Samuel Cassin (1887--1976)

153

(1)

Shirin Ebadi (1947--)

153

(2)

Adolfo Perez Esquivel (1931--)

155

(1)

Vaclav Havel (1936--)

156

(1)

Dorothy Height (1912--)

157

(1)

Martin Luther King Jr. (1929--1968)

158

(1)

Bernard Kouchner (1939--)

159

(1)

Charles Malik (1906--1987)

160

(1)

Nelson Mandela (1918--)

161

(1)

Rigoberta Menchu (1959--)

162

(1)

Juan E. Mendez (1944--)

163

(1)

Gertrude Mongella (1955--)

164

(1)

Mary Robinson (1944--)

165

(1)

Eleanor Roosevelt (1884--1962)

166

(1)

Nawal El-Saadawi (1931--)

167

(1)

Andrei Sakharov (1921--1989)

168

(1)

Aung San Suu Kyi (1945--)

169

(2)

Mother Theresa (1910--1997)

171

(1)

Desmond Tutu (1931--)

171

(1)

Simon Wiesenthal (1908--2005)

172

(3)

Major Human Rights Documents

175

(40)

Major Human Rights Documents by the United Nations

175

(9)

Major Conventions Adopted by the International Labour Organizations

184

(5)

Major Human Rights Documents of Regional Organizations

189

(9)

The Status of Countries on the Major UN and ILO Treaties

198

(10)

Appendix: Universal Declaration of Human Rights

208

(7)

Organizations Working on Human Rights

215

(50)

Intergovernmental Organizations

216

(7)

Nongovernmental Organizations

223

(38)

Professional Organizations

261

(4)

Research and Data Sources

265

(24)

Directories

266

(1)

Dictionaries

267

(1)

Encyclopedias

268

(1)

Yearbooks

269

(1)

Reference Books and Bibliographies

270

(4)

Journals and Periodicals

274

(6)

Internet Sites and Networks

280

(2)

Datasets and Statistical Sources

282

(3)

Film Distributors and Media Sources

285

(4)

Glossary

289

(6)

Index

295

(20)

About the Author

315

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Human Rights Worldwide: A Reference Handbook

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials