Identities Race, Class, Gender, and

This anthology provides the definitive theoretical sources of contemporary thinking about identity, including explorations of race, class, gender, and nationality. Explores the long and rich tradition of philosophical analysis and debate over the genesis, contours, and political effects of identity categories. Provides the definitive theoretical sources and contemporary debates by leading theorists such as selections from Hegel, Marx, Freud, DuBois, Beauvoir, Lukfcs, Fanon, Hall, Guha, Hobsbawm, Wittig, Butler, Halperin, R. Robertson, Said, and LaClau. Combines general and specific analyses of particular identity categories: race/ethnicity, gender/sexuality, class, nationality. Allows for a comparative study of identities through multiple theoretical frameworks.

Linda Martín Alcoff is Professor of Philosophy, Political Science, and Women’s Studies at Syracuse University. Her books include Feminist Epistemologies (edited, with Elizabeth Potter, 1993), Real Knowing: New Versions of the Coherence Theory of Knowledge (1996), Epistemology: The Big Questions (Blackwell, 1998), and Thinking From the Underside of History (edited, with Eduardo Mendieta, 2000).

Eduardo Mendieta is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He is editor and translator of Enrique Dussel's The Underside of Modernity, co-editor of Liberation Theologies, Postmodernity and the Americas (1997), and author of The Adventures of Transcendental Philosophy: Karl-Otto Apel’s Semiotics and Discourse Ethics (2002).

Notes on Authors

viii

Acknowledgments

xiii

Introduction: Identities: Modern and Postmodern

1

(8)

Linda Martin Alcoff

Part I: Foundations

9

(32)

Independence and Dependence of Self-Consciousness

11

(6)

G. W. F. Hegel

On the Jewish Question

17

(12)

Karl Marx

Consciousness and What is Unconscious

29

(3)

Sigmund Freud

The Self

32

(9)

George Herbert Mead

Part II: Race/Ethnicity/Ethnorace

41

(64)

The Conservation of Races

43

(6)

W. E. B. Du Bois

The New Negro

49

(6)

Alain Locke

Identity and Dignity in the Context of the National Liberation Struggle

55

(7)

Amilcar Cabral

The Fact of Blackness

62

(13)

Frantz Fanon

Whiteness as Property

75

(15)

Cheryl I. Harris

New Ethnicities

90

(6)

Stuart Hall

The Latino Imaginary: Meanings of Community and Identity

96

(9)

Juan Flores

Part III: Class and Identity

105

(42)

Class Consciousness

107

(19)

Georg Lukacs

Class Consciousness in History

126

(10)

E. J. Hobsbawm

Preface from The Making of the English Working Class

136

(3)

E. P. Thompson

Introduction from Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India

139

(8)

Ranajit Guha

Part IV: Gender/Sexuality

147

(122)

Introduction from The Second Sex

149

(9)

Simone de Beauvoir

One Is Not Born a Woman

158

(5)

Monique Wittig

Throwing Like a Girl: A Phenomenology of Feminine Body Comportment, Motility, and Spatiality

163

(12)

Iris Marion Young

Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color

175

(26)

Kimberle Crenshaw

Gender Trouble, Feminist Theory, and Psychoanalytic Discourse

201

(11)

Judith Butler

Revolutions, Universals, and Sexual Categories

212

(15)

John Boswell

Sex Before Sexuality: Pederasty, Politics, and Power in Classical Athens

227

(17)

David M. Halperin

Sexual Indifference and Lesbian Representation

244

(15)

Teresa de Lauretis

Transsexual Discourses and Languages of Identification

259

(10)

Jason Cromwell

Part V: National/Transnational Identities

269

(62)

National Identity and Citizenship

271

(10)

Ross Poole

On the Making of Transnational Identities in the Age of Globalization: The US Latina/o--``Latin'' American Case

281

(14)

Daniel Mato

Globalization as a Problem

295

(17)

Roland Robertson

Postcoloniality and the Boundaries of Identity

312

(19)

R. Radhakrishnan

Part VI: Reconfigurations

331

(76)

The Clash of Definitions

333

(3)

Edward W. Said

Cultural Citizenship, Inequality, and Multiculturalism

336

(6)

Renato Rosaldo

Localism, Globalism and Cultural Identity

342

(18)

Mike Featherstone

Universalism, Particularism and the Question of Identity

360

(9)

Ernesto Laclau

A Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the 1980s

369

(23)

Donna Haraway

The Epistemic Status of Cultural Identity

392

(15)

Satya P. Mohanty

Afterword: Identities: Postcolonial and Global

407

(10)

Eduardo Mendieta

Subject Index

417

(7)

Name Index

424

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Identities Race, Class, Gender, and Nationality

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials