Images Of Japanese Society Hb

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ISBN: 9780710308092 | 0710308094
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/6/2003

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This is likely to be a controversial book as it does not contribute to the continuing mythologising of Japan and the Japanese. The book examines contemporary images of Japanese society by surveying an extensive sample of popular literature on Japan. After tracing the development of 'holistic'theories about the Japanese, commonly referred to as the 'group modes,'attention is focused on the evaluation of that image. Empirical evidence to this model is discussed and methodical lacunae are cited. A 'sociology of Japanology'is also presented.

List of Abbreviations

xiii

List of Tables

xvii

List of Figures

xxi

Preface

xxv

Japanese Society: Stereotypes and Realities

(18)

The Recent Interest in Understanding Japanese Society

(6)

Competing Images of Japanese Society

(3)

Some Doubts Concerning the Consensus or Group Model of Japanese Society

(2)

Improving Our Perceptions of Japanese Society

(5)

The Importance of Having More Accurate Images of Japanese Society

(2)

PART ONE: TWO VIEWS: COMPETING IMAGES OF JAPANESE SOCIETY

(78)

The Great Tradition: Theories of Uniformity and Consensus in Japanese Society

(43)

The Holistic Approach to Japanese Studies in English

(17)

Anthropological Studies and the Search for a Rational Whole

(4)

The Modernization Approach and the Conferences on Japan

(5)

The Return to Neo-holistic Conceptions of Japanese Society

(4)

The Learn-from-Japan Boom

(3)

The Holistic View of Japanese Society in Japanese Literature

(15)

`National Culture'

(3)

Democratization Theory

(3)

Modernization Theory

(2)

Neo-holistic Theories of National Character

(3)

Theories of the Internationalization of Japanese Society

(2)

Some Common Themes in the Holistic Approach

(10)

An Overview

(2)

The Promotion of Cultural Relativism

(8)

The Little Traditions: Theories of Conflict and Variation in Japanese Society

(20)

Conflict as a Continuing Theme in Japanese Scholarship

(7)

An Overview of Conflict in Japanese Society

(5)

Citizens' Movements

(2)

The Concern with Structured Social Inequality

(11)

Social Policy

(3)

Poverty and Economic Exploitation

(6)

The Labor Movement

(2)

Some Common Themes in the Little Traditions

(2)

The Distribution of the Conservative and Radical Traditions in Japanese Studies

(13)

The Question of Larger Traditions and Paradigms

(2)

The Distribution of the Two Paradigms in Japanese Studies

(5)

Conflict, Class and Integration: the Limitation of Holistic and Conflict Models

(6)

PART TWO: SKEPTICISM: THREE REASONS FOR DOUBTING THE VALIDITY OF NIHONJINRON

(92)

Some Empirical Findings at Odds with the Group Model

(30)

Some General Findings

(7)

The Presence of Conflict

106

(9)

Popular Disturbances in Postwar Japan

106

(5)

A Comparison of Industrial Conflict in Japan and Australia

111

(3)

Rethinking Group Theories of Japanese Society

114

(1)

Income Distribution

115

(13)

Variation over Time

116

(3)

Cross-sectional Variation

119

(9)

The Need for Empirical Research

128

(1)

Some Methodological Misgivings About the Group Model

129

(27)

Sources of Skepticism: Basic Methodological Lacunae

130

(13)

Sampling

130

(3)

Conceptual Ambiguity

133

(6)

The Unconcern with Methodology

139

(4)

Further Information on Methodology in Japanology

143

(12)

Nihonjinron as a Methodology: a Content Analysis

143

(8)

Kotowaza as a Data Base: an Evaluation

151

(4)

Conclusions

155

(1)

Toward a Sociology of Japanology

156

(33)

Perspectives from the Sociology of Knowledge

156

(2)

A Functional Framework for Evaluating the Comparative Study of Japanese Society

158

(10)

Japanese Academic Life and the Generation of Nihonjinron

158

(5)

The Foreign Researcher

163

(5)

The Ideological Framework for Japanology

168

(18)

In the Service of Specific Interests

169

(8)

The Role of the Japanese Government

177

(4)

The US-Japan Relationship

181

(4)

Orientalism

185

(1)

Japan as a Self-fulfilling Prophecy

186

(3)

PART THREE: THE OBVERSE: TALES OF ANOTHER JAPAN

189

(84)

The Autonomous Individual

191

(20)

Introduction

191

(4)

Leaders and Heroes

195

(5)

Gravitation toward Individual Activity

200

(5)

Privacy and Private Property as Key Values

205

(3)

Personhood and the Japanese Language

208

(2)

Conclusions

210

(1)

The Contractual Relationship

211

(23)

Introduction

211

(5)

The Written Word

216

(3)

The Contractual Relationship

219

(8)

Social Distance and the Struggle to Associate

227

(4)

Some Cultural Origins of the `Dry' Relationship

231

(2)

Conclusions

233

(1)

Social Control: Cormorants or Falcons?

234

(39)

Introduction

234

(5)

Controls with Various Degrees of Coercion

239

(13)

Watchdogs and Monitors

239

(4)

Indicative Planning and Informal Direction

243

(2)

Regulation

245

(2)

Physical Violence

247

(5)

The Fine Blend of Controls

252

(12)

Controls within the Business Corporation

252

(4)

Socialization and Social Control in the Educational System

256

(7)

Minimal Deviancy and Social Structure

263

(1)

Cormorant Fishing and Falconry as Contrastive Analogies

264

(3)

Conclusions

267

(6)

PART FOUR: MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS: TOWARD A COMPARATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR THE STUDY OF JAPANESE SOCIETY

273

(102)

Social Stratification as a Point of Departure

275

(17)

Introduction

275

(2)

Social Classes in Japanese Society

277

(2)

Social Mobility

279

(2)

Suggestions from Nakane and the Role of the Firm

281

(7)

Toward a Synthetic Model of Social Stratification

288

(4)

Multidimensional Stratification Framework for the Comparative Study of Japanese Society

292

(36)

Societal Rewards and the Social Ranking of Individuals

292

(12)

Societal Rewards: Toward a Definition

292

(1)

Types of Reward

293

(7)

Models Which Emphasize the Typology of Rewards

300

(4)

Differentiation and the Stratification Variables

304

(5)

Roles and Individuals

304

(2)

The Agents of Stratification

306

(2)

Models Which Emphasize Agents of Stratification

308

(1)

Formalization of the Multidimensional Stratification Model

309

(5)

The Stratification Model and the Concept of Social Class

314

(8)

Stratification and the Study of Japanese Society

322

(6)

The Stratification Framework in a Japanese Context

328

(32)

Societal Rewards in the Japanese Context

328

(14)

Income as Specific to Time and Place

328

(8)

The Importance of Particularistic Demands within the Japanese Setting

336

(2)

Social Control and Reward Fungibility

338

(4)

Inequality and the Differentiation of Behavior

342

(14)

Political Attitudes

342

(7)

The Male-Female Wage Differential

349

(2)

Language

351

(1)

The Crime Rate

352

(1)

Other Applications

353

(3)

Conclusions

356

(4)

Testing the Stratification Model: Some Empirical Evidence

360

(15)

Introduction

360

(4)

Some Initial Findings

364

(8)

The Ranking of Job Situations

364

(3)

Visual Associations

367

(1)

Semantic Differentials

367

(2)

Criteria for Choosing a Job

369

(3)

Some General Conclusions

372

(3)

PART FIVE: RELEVANCE AND NEW DIRECTIONS: THE FUTURE OF JAPANESE STUDIES

375

(58)

Internationalization and Japanese Society

377

(28)

Introduction

377

(2)

Internationalism in Japan

379

(4)

The International in Japanese Political Culture

383

(5)

Internationalization as a Problem of National Self-identity

388

(5)

Internationalization and Japanese Society: an Australian Perspective Once Removed

393

(3)

False Images and International Isolation: Some Consequences

396

(4)

Internationalization and the Study of Japanese Society

400

(5)

The Future of Japanese Studies

405

(28)

Nihonjinron as a Social Construction: a Summary

405

(3)

Methodological Considerations

408

(6)

Toward a Methodology for the Study of Japanese Society

414

(4)

Toward the Internationalization of Japanese Studies

418

(6)

The Study of Japan as a Personal Concern: Research as a Set of Choices

424

(6)

Toward a Moratorium on Nihonjinron

430

(3)

APPENDIX: METHODOLOGY FOR THE SURVEY OF JOB SITUATIONS

433

(21)

I Operationalization

433

(9)

II The Tabulations

442

(2)

III Sampling Procedures

444

(3)

IV Some First-order Statistics

447

(7)

Notes

454

(19)

References

473

(71)

Index

544

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Images Of Japanese Society Hb

Summary

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