Improving Students' Writing, K-8 : From

This manual for teaching all aspects of writing provides examples, rubrics, and how-to's for helping students grow in skills and write for high stakes and "constructed response" tests.Â

Preface

ix

About the Authors

xiii

Writing to Learn and Understand

1

(28)

Purposes for Writing

2

(2)

Yesterday's and Today's Challenges

4

(2)

Literacy Connections in Your Classroom

6

(7)

Speaking and Writing

6

(3)

Reading and Writing

9

(2)

Listening/Viewing and Writing

11

(2)

The Three Hardest Challenges in Helping Student Writers

13

(3)

Getting Them Started

13

(1)

Keeping Them Going

14

(1)

Getting Them Finished

15

(1)

Writing Together as a Way of Communicating, Learning, and Meaning-Making

16

(13)

Writing About Information

29

(20)

Informal Writing

30

(7)

Writing About Mathematics

31

(2)

Writing About Science

33

(3)

Writing About Social Studies

36

(1)

Writing About Vocabulary

37

(1)

Formal Writing

37

(6)

Report Writing

38

(3)

Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI)

41

(2)

Connections Between Informational Text and Student Writing

43

(2)

Organizations of Informational Text

43

(2)

Reading Informational Text to Learn About Structure

45

(2)

Leveled Books

45

(1)

Picture Books

45

(1)

Chapter Books

46

(1)

Reference Books

46

(1)

Final Thoughts

47

(2)

Writing Narrative

49

(26)

Narrative Writing

50

(2)

Narrative Writing in Classrooms

50

(1)

The Writing Process

50

(1)

The Writing Workshop

51

(1)

Writing Development

52

(3)

Early Writing Development

52

(1)

Developing Writing Development

53

(1)

Proficient Writing Development

54

(1)

Gender and Writing

55

(1)

Informal Narrative Writing

56

(9)

Journals

56

(5)

Reader Response Journals

61

(4)

Formal Narrative Writing

65

(7)

Letter Writing

65

(2)

Poetry

67

(1)

Stories

68

(2)

Multigenre Writing

70

(2)

Final Thoughts

72

(3)

Writing With Purpose for Real Audiences

75

(20)

Part of a Classroom Culture

75

(2)

Writing for Real Audiences

77

(4)

Writing to Others

77

(2)

Writing for Particular Audiences

79

(1)

Writing for Self

80

(1)

Writing for Real Purposes

81

(2)

Analyzing Writing as a Craft

83

(1)

Revision

83

(2)

Changing Viewpoints

84

(1)

Changing Genres

85

(1)

Responding to Writing

85

(5)

Self-Check Responses

85

(1)

Peer Responses

86

(2)

Teacher-Student Conferences

88

(2)

Editing

90

(3)

Writing With Reason

93

(2)

Preparing for High-Stakes Writing Assessments

95

(30)

Historical Perspective

96

(3)

Writing Assessment Methods

99

(3)

Objective Methods of Writing Assessment

99

(1)

Direct Methods of Writing Assessment

100

(2)

Writing Assessment Tasks

102

(1)

Helping Students With Trait-Scored Divergent and Convergent Assessment Items

103

(12)

Divergent Writing Assessments

103

(3)

Convergent Writing Assessments

106

(9)

Product Versus Process

115

(8)

Final Thoughts

123

(2)

Connecting Writing and Classroom Conversation

125

(20)

Academic Conversations

126

(18)

Informal Oral and Written Conversations

126

(7)

Formal Oral and Written Conversations

133

(11)

Final Thoughts

144

(1)

Afterword

145

(2)

Appendix

147

(4)

References

151

(8)

Index

159

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Improving Students' Writing, K-8 : From Meaning-Making to High Stakes!

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials