Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications

, by Smith, Roger E.; Smettem, Keith R. J.; Broadbridge, Philip; Woolhiser, D. A.

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ISBN: 9780875903194 | 0875903193
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/21/2002

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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 15.

Here is your state-of-the-art guidebook through soil infiltration theory in response to hydrologic problems. By focusing on the theoretical basis of physically based infiltration functions and their application, Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications presents an in-depth review of current issues and concerns. For scientists wishing concise and robust equations that can be applied in models for a variety of objectives.

Preface	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
Brief History	p. 1
Runoff Mechanisms	p. 3
Engineering and Scientific Approaches to Hydrology	p. 4
Objective and Scope of this Work	p. 5
Basic Porous Media Hydraulics	p. 7
Capillary Properties of Soil Water	p. 7
Porous Media	p. 9
Darcy's Law	p. 12
Hydraulic Characteristics of Porous Media	p. 13
Scaled Hydraulic Characteristics	p. 14
Steady Flow Soil Water Relations	p. 14
Functional Representation of Hydraulic Characteristics	p. 18
Soil Water Retention	p. 18
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity	p. 19
A Generalized Formulation	p. 21
Summary	p. 23
Some Essentials of One-Dimensional Porous Media Dynamics	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
Definition	p. 25
Assumptions	p. 26
Absorption: Gravity-Free Intake	p. 27
Absorption with a Constant Head Boundary	p. 28
Absorption with a Constant Flux Boundary	p. 30
Infiltration: Vertical Flow	p. 31
Philip's Series Solution	p. 32
Large-Time Solution	p. 33
Short Time Solution	p. 34
Analytic Solution	p. 34
Mathematical Approximations for Soil Water Flow	p. 34
Approximations to Equation (3.15)	p. 34
Burgers's Equation Approximation	p. 35
Kinematic Wave Approximation	p. 35
Approximations for Soil Hydraulic Characteristics	p. 36
Delta-Function Diffusivity	p. 36
Exponential K ([psi])	p. 39
The Analytic Solution Soils	p. 39
Summary	p. 39
A Realistic Integrable Nonlinear Model for Transient Unsaturated Flow	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
Integrable Forms of Richards' Equation	p. 43
Burgers Equation	p. 44
Solution of Nonlinear Diffusion Equation	p. 46
Required Forms for Soil Characteristics	p. 49
Solution of the Integrable Form	p. 55
Time to Ponding	p. 58
Discussion and Summary	p. 60
Absorption and Infiltration Relations and the Infiltrability-Depth Approximation	p. 63
Introduction	p. 63
Mass Balance Across the Intake Boundary	p. 64
Absorption	p. 65
The Flux-Concentration Relation	p. 67
The Capillary Length Scale	p. 69
The Infiltrability-Depth Approximation: IDA	p. 71
Infiltration	p. 73
Time Series Solution of Philip	p. 74
Approximate Integration of the Infiltration Integral	p. 75
Describing Surface Water Content Evolution Under Rainfall	p. 81
Treatment of Surface Water Depth	p. 84
Stability of Flux-Concentration Relation	p. 85
Soil Types Evaluated	p. 86
F ([Theta subscript i]) Under Absorption	p. 87
F ([Theta]) Under Infiltration	p. 93
Implications of F ([Theta]) Observations	p. 93
Summary	p. 95
Infiltrability Models: Comparisons and Application	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
Scaling Parameters	p. 97
Timing of Ponding	p. 98
Three Approximate Forms	p. 99
The Broadbridge-White Soil	p. 100
Other Forms of the Infiltrability Relations	p. 102
Normalizing the Infiltrability Functions	p. 107
Time Explicit Approximations	p. 108
Applying the Infiltrability Models to Variable Rainfall Patterns	p. 114
Summary	p. 118
Applying Infiltration Models in Layered Soils and Redistribution Cases	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Redistribution and Reinfiltration	p. 119
Redistribution of Water During Rainfall Hiatus	p. 120
Reinfiltration Calculations	p. 122
Layered Soils	p. 122
Assymptotic f[subscript c] for General Layered Case	p. 123
A Single Restrictive Upper Layer	p. 125
Infiltration and Redistribution/Reinfiltration in Layered Soils	p. 128
Summary	p. 133
Field Measurements of Infiltration Parameters	p. 135
Introduction	p. 135
Drip Infiltrometers	p. 136
Ring Infiltrometers	p. 138
Permeameters	p. 141
Determining Infiltration Parameters by Monitoring Flow from a Shallow Circular Pond	p. 141
Surface Disk Tension Infiltrometers: Steady-State Solutions	p. 145
Surface Disk Tension Infiltrometers: Transient Solutions	p. 148
A Field Example of Tension Infiltrometer Data Analysis	p. 151
Surface Disk Tension Infiltrometers: Numerical Investigation of an Illustrative Layered Profile	p. 153
Concluding Remarks	p. 156
Infiltration and Runoff on a Hillslope	p. 159
Introduction	p. 159
General Surface Flow and Infiltration Interaction	p. 160
Effect of Surface Relief on Surface Water Losses	p. 162
Infiltration Heterogeneity and Runoff	p. 164
Deterministic Variation in Infiltration Rates	p. 165
Random Spatial Variation in Infiltration Rates	p. 169
Infiltration and "Runon" Effects	p. 179
Summary	p. 183
Appendices	p. 185
Derivation of the Infiltration Integral from Richards' Equation	p. 185
Attenuation of Characteristic Kinematic Shock in Soil Water Flow	p. 187
Finite Difference Solution Method for Richards' Equation	p. 190
List of Symbols and Abbreviations	p. 199
References	p. 203
Index	p. 211
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Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications

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Table of Contents

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