Injecting Illicit Drugs

Injecting drug use is of major concern to both Western and developing nations, causing extensive associated harm at both individual and public health levels. This book provides readers with authoritative and practical information on injecting drug use and the health consequences of this behaviour. Includes topical issues such as needle fixation, transitions to and from injecting, and illicit drug use in prison settings. Documents the relationship between injecting practice and infectious diseases, such as HIV and hepatitis C. Explores harm reduction approaches such as safer injecting and supervised injecting rooms. Reflects international perspectives from expert contributors.

Richard Pates is Clinical Director of the Community Addiction Unit in Cardiff and is a Consultant Clinical Psychologist. He has been working with drug users for the past 16 years. He has research interests in injecting, especially needle fixation and the treatment of amphetamine users. He is also the Editor of Journal of Substance Abuse.

Dr Andrew McBride MB ChB MSc FRCPsych has been a Consultant Psychiatrist with the Specialist Community Addiction Service in Oxford since 2002. After training in Manchester and south Wales, he established Mid Glamorgan Community Drug and Alcohol Team in 1988 and moved to the Community Addiction Unit in Cardiff in 1996. His clinical interests include the implementation of structured interventions using team and interagency approaches. Publications have been eclectic, including studies of amphetamine prescribing, cannabis use and needle fixation, and reviews of alcohol withdrawal treatment and khat use. He has recently co-edited an introductory textbook on substance misuse.

Karin Arnold is a researcher at the Cardiff Community Addiction Unit, and a psychology postgraduate at the University of Cardiff. She is currently working on a dexamphetamine treatment trial and has a continued interest in the study of needle fixation.

Series Foreword

vii

Contributors

viii

Acknowledgements

xi

Introduction

xii

Andrew McBride

Richard Pates

Karin Arnold

History of Injecting

1

(10)

Richard Pates

Jan Wichter

The Eye of the Needle: an Ethno-Epidemiological Analysis of Injecting Drug Use

11

(22)

Jean-Paul Grund

Pharmaceutical Aspects of Injecting

33

(14)

Jennifer Scott

Needle Fixation

47

(12)

Richard Pates

Andrew McBride

Karin Arnold

Women and Injecting

59

(10)

Rossana Oretti

Pim Gregory

Injecting in Prisons

69

(13)

David Shewan

Heino Stover

Kate Dolan

Hepatitis C associated with Injecting Drug Use

82

(10)

Nick Crofts

HIV and Injecting Drug Use

92

(19)

Robert Heimer

Odde Commotions: Some Other Health Consequences of Injecting

111

(7)

Andrew McBride

Jan Wichter

Transitions to and from Injecting

118

(17)

Matthew Southwell

Safer Injecting: Individual Harm Reduction Advice

135

(14)

Helen Williams

Mark Norman

Overdose: Prevalence, Predictors and Prevention

149

(11)

Trudi Petersen

David Best

Supervised Injecting Rooms

160

(10)

Robert Haemmig

Ingrid van Beek

Injecting Drugs - The User's Perspective

170

(9)

Jimmy Dorabjee

Index

179

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Injecting Illicit Drugs

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials