Inland Flood Hazards: Human, Riparian, and Aquatic Communities

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ISBN: 9780521624190 | 0521624193
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/3/2000

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This edited volume presents a comprehensive, interdisciplinary review of issues related to inland flood hazards. It addresses physical controls on flooding, flood processes and effects, and responses to flooding, from the perspective of human, aquatic, and riparian communities. Individual chapter authors are recognized experts in their fields who draw on examples and case studies of inland flood hazards from around the world. This volume is unique among treatments of flood hazards in that it addresses how the non-occurrence of floods, in association with flow regulation and other human manipulation of river systems, may create hazards for aquatic and riparian communities. This book will be a valuable resource for everyone associated with inland flood hazards: professionals in government and industry, and researchers and graduate students in civil engineering, geography, geology, hydrology, hydraulics, and ecology.

Preface

Contributors

xiii

INTRODUCTION

Inland Flood Hazards

(36)

Ellen E. Wohl

Introduction

(1)

Floods and Flood Hazards

(1)

The Riparian Corridor

(3)

Spatial Differentiation within a Drainage Basin

(2)

History of Flood Hazards and Flood Mitigation

(3)

Channel Change and Land-Use Patterns

(6)

Flood Hazard Research

(2)

Representative Drainage Regions

(5)

Summary

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(12)

PHYSICAL CONTROLS ON FLOODING

Hydroclimatology of Meteorologic Floods

(34)

K.K. Hirschboeck

L.L. Ely

R.A. Maddox

Introduction

(1)

Flood Hydroclimatology: A Context for Understanding Flood Causation

(14)

Flood Hydroclimatology and the Long-Term Perspective

(11)

Concluding Remarks

(3)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(5)

Floods from Natural and Artificial Dam Failures

(31)

Daniel A. Cenderelli

Introduction

(1)

Floods from Natural Dam Failures

(10)

Floods from Artificial Dams

(7)

Peak Discharge Estimates and Discharge Hydrographs of Dam-Failure Floods

(7)

Summary

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(5)

Anthropogenic Impacts on Flood Hazards

104

(41)

Ellen E. Wohl

Introduction

104

(4)

Modification of Drainage Basin Characteristics

108

(10)

Modification of In-Channel Flow and Morphology

118

(11)

Settlement within the Flood Zone

129

(1)

Summary

130

(1)

Acknowledgments

131

(1)

References

131

(14)

FLOOD PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

Inundation Hydrology

145

(22)

Leal A.K. Mertes

Introduction

145

(4)

Inundation Hydrology

149

(5)

Theoretical Framework for Analysis of Patterns of Inundation Hydrology

154

(5)

Case Studies

159

(3)

Summary

162

(2)

Acknowledgments

164

(1)

References

164

(3)

Geomorphic Effects of Floods

167

(27)

Ellen E. Wohl

Introduction

167

(7)

Erosional Patterns

174

(4)

Depositional Patterns

178

(4)

Lateral Channel Movement and Channel Planform Change

182

(2)

Gradual Channel Changes

184

(1)

Geomorphic Importance of Floods

185

(1)

Geomorphic Hazards Associated with Flooding

185

(2)

Conclusions

187

(1)

Acknowledgments

187

(1)

References

187

(7)

Contaminant Transport Hazards during Flooding

194

(25)

Jim B. Finley

Introduction

194

(2)

Biogeochemistry of Contaminants in the Fluvial System

196

(12)

Case Studies

208

(5)

Conclusions

213

(1)

References

213

(6)

BIOLOGICAL FLOOD PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

Floods, Flood Control, and Bottomland Vegetation

219

(19)

Jonathan M. Friedman

Gregor T. Auble

Introduction

219

(1)

Floods as Transport Vectors

220

(1)

Flooding and Anoxia

221

(1)

Moisture Subsidy

221

(1)

Physical Disturbance

222

(1)

Influence of Vegetation on Flooding

222

(1)

Flood Disturbance and Bottomland Plant Communities

223

(1)

Flood-Related Strategies of Bottomland Herbs

224

(1)

Regional Patterns in Bottomland Tree Communities

225

(1)

Floods and Reproduction of Bottomland Pioneer Trees

226

(3)

Relative Importance of Floods with Different Recurrence Intervals

229

(1)

Effects of Flood Control on Bottomland Vegetation

230

(2)

Conclusions

232

(1)

Acknowledgments

233

(1)

References

233

(5)

Flooding and Aquatic Ecosystems

238

(33)

Richard S. Wydoski

Edmund J. Wick

Introduction

238

(2)

Ecological Importance of Flooding to Aquatic Ecosystems, with an Emphasis on Large River Systems

240

(1)

Nutrient and Energy Transfer within a Large River Ecosystem

241

(5)

Human Perturbations of Large River Ecosystems

246

(3)

Case Review: Impacts of Water Development on Endangered Fishes in the Upper Colorado River Basin

249

(9)

Balance of Preservation and Use of River--Floodplain Environments

258

(3)

References

261

(10)

EFFECTS OF FLOODS ON HUMAN COMMUNITIES

The Effects of Variable River Flow on Human Communities

271

(22)

Dorothy Merritts

Introduction

271

(1)

Rivers and Floodplains as Human Habitat

272

(6)

Processes that Generate Flood Hazards

278

(4)

Effects of the ``Flood Protection-Development Spiral'' on Human Communities: Case Study of the Mississippi River, USA

282

(4)

Consequences of Streamflow Altered by Dams: Case Study of the Colorado River

286

(2)

Conclusions

288

(1)

References

289

(4)

RESPONSES TO FLOODING

Prediction and Modeling of Flood Hydrology and Hydraulics

293

(41)

Jorge A. Ramirez

Introduction

293

(1)

Unit Hydrograph Analysis

294

(3)

Unit Hydrographs: Empirical Derivation

297

(1)

Unit Hydrographs: Linear System Theory

298

(2)

Conceptual (Synthetic) Unit Hydrographs

300

(13)

Flood Routing

313

(9)

Distributed Watershed Models

322

(7)

References

329

(5)

Flood Frequency Analysis and Statistical Estimation of Flood Risk

334

(25)

Jery R. Stedinger

Introduction

334

(1)

Statistics for Flood Frequency Analysis

335

(3)

Use of Mathematical Probability Distributions

338

(3)

A Modeling/Data Paradigm

341

(2)

Selecting a Distribution

343

(1)

Regionalization and Index-Flood Method

344

(2)

Other Regionalization Schemes

346

(1)

Use of Historical and Paleoflood Information

346

(3)

Measurement Errors

349

(1)

Mixtures

349

(1)

Rogue Observations and Low Outliers

350

(1)

Partial Duration Series

351

(2)

Regional Regression

353

(1)

Hydrographs and River Basin Operation

354

(1)

Conclusions

355

(1)

References

355

(4)

Paleoflood Hydrology and the Estimation of Extreme Floods

359

(22)

Victor R. Baker

Introduction

359

(1)

Paleoflood Hydrological Methodology

360

(3)

SWD-PSI Paleoflood Investigations

363

(6)

Predicting Extreme Floods

369

(3)

Applied Paleoflood Hydrology

372

(1)

Discussion and Conclusions

373

(1)

Acknowledgments

374

(1)

References

374

(7)

FLOOD HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGIES

Comparison of Flood Management Strategies

381

(13)

Chester C. Watson

David S. Biedenharn

Introduction

381

(1)

Categories of Flood-Control Measures

381

(1)

Description of Case Study Areas

382

(1)

Evolution of Management Strategies on the Mississippi River

383

(7)

Evolution of Management Strategies on the Tone River

390

(1)

Summary

391

(1)

References

392

(2)

Nonstructural Mitigation of Flood Hazards

394

(17)

Eve Gruntfest

Introduction

394

(1)

Definitions of Structural and Nonstructural Measures

395

(2)

Discussion of Nonstructural Measures

397

(6)

Case Studies

403

(3)

Combined Structural and Nonstructural Measures to Reduce Flood Losses

406

(2)

Conclusion

408

(1)

References

408

(2)

Web Pages Related to Nonstructural Measures

410

(1)

Planning for Flow Requirements to Sustain Stream Biota

411

(40)

Clair B. Stalnaker

Edmund J. Wick

Rivers Must Be Managed as Integrated Systems of Dynamic Physical, Chemical, and Biological Processes

411

(2)

Shortcomings of Many Instream Flow Studies

413

(4)

Addressing Integrated Science Predictions through Simulation Modeling and Testing

417

(3)

Integrated Science: Renewing the Call for Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management

420

(3)

Case Example: Trinity River, California

423

(11)

Case Example: Green River, Utah

434

(9)

A New Paradigm for Management of Rivers for Human Use and Ecological Integrity

443

(2)

References

445

(6)

SOCIETAL CONTROLS ON HUMAN RESPONSES TO FLOOD HAZARDS

Cultural Perspectives of Flooding

451

(18)

Melinda J. Laituri

Introduction

451

(2)

Myth and Culture

453

(1)

Innovation and Societal Change

454

(3)

Cultural Conflict and Technology

457

(2)

Development, Poverty, and Floods

459

(4)

Redefining Floods: Scientific Perspectives

463

(1)

Conclusion: Globalization of Culture

464

(3)

References

467

(2)

Urban Planning for Flood Hazards, Risk, and Vulnerability

469

(22)

Douglas Hamilton

Alejandro Joaquin

Introduction

469

(1)

The Planning Process

469

(2)

Risk Vocabulary

471

(2)

Hazard Mitigation

473

(3)

Historical Examples of Urban Flood-Planning Measures

476

(7)

Unwanted Outcomes and Some Solutions from the Planning Process

483

(3)

Conclusion

486

(1)

References

487

(4)

CONCLUSIONS

Floods in the 21st Century

491

(4)

Ellen E. Wohl

References

494

(1)

Index

495

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Inland Flood Hazards: Human, Riparian, and Aquatic Communities

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