Inquiry into Physics (with InfoTrac)

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ISBN: 9780534491680 | 0534491685
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/27/2004

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Prologue: Getting Started. 1. The Study of Motion. 2. Newton's Laws. 3. Energy and Conservation Laws. 4. Physics of Matter. 5. Temperature and Heat. 6. Waves and Sound. 7. Electricity. 8. Electromagnetism and EM Waves. 9. Optics. 10. Atomic Physics. 11. Nuclear Physics. 12. Special Relativity and Elementary Particles. Epilogue. Appendix A: Winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Appendix B: Math Review. Appendix C: Answers. Glossary of Key Terms and Laws. Credits. Index. Table of Conversion Factors and Other Information. Periodic Table.

Preface

Prologue: Getting Started

(10)

Why Learn Physics?

(1)

What Is Physics?

(1)

How Is Physics Done?

(1)

How Does One Learn Physics?

(3)

Physical Quantities and Measurement

(3)

Physics Potpourri: The Metric System: "For All People, for All Time."

(1)

CHAPTER 1 The Study of Motion

(34)

Drag Racing

(4)

1.1 Fundamental Physical Quantities 13 Physics Potpourri: Time Out!

(2)

1.2 Speed and Velocity

(8)

Vector Addition

(3)

1.3 Acceleration

(5)

Centripetal Acceleration

(3)

1.4 Simple Types of Motion

(14)

Zero Velocity

(1)

Constant Velocity

(2)

Constant Acceleration

(5)

Physics Family Album

(13)

Aristotle

(1)

Galileo

(1)

Summary

(1)

Important Equations

(1)

Mapping It Out!

(1)

Questions

(1)

Problems

(2)

Challenges

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

CHAPTER 2 Newton's Laws

(40)

New and Old Join Forces

(1)

2.1 Force

(4)

2.2 Newton's First Law of Motion

(4)

Physics Potpourri: Friction: A Sticky Subject

(3)

2.3 Mass

(2)

2.4 Newton's Second Law of Motion

(3)

2.5 The International System of Units (SI)

(1)

2.6 Examples: Different Forces, Different Motions

(7)

Simple Harmonic Motion

(2)

Falling Body with Air Resistance

(3)

2.7 Newton's Third Law of Motion

(3)

2.8 The Law of Universal Gravitation

(7)

Orbits

(1)

Gravitational Field

(2)

Physics Potpourri: Hooke-d!

(1)

2.9 Tides

(8)

Physics Family Album

(1)

Summary

(2)

Important Equations

(1)

Mapping It Out!

(1)

Questions

(1)

Problems

(1)

Challenges

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

CHAPTER 3 Energy and Conservation Laws

(42)

Big Machines-Small Particles

(1)

3.1 Conservation Laws

(1)

3.2 Linear Momentum

(6)

3.3 Work: The Key to Energy

(5)

3.4 Energy

(5)

3.5 The Conservation of Energy

104

(7)

3.6 Collisions: An Energy Point of View

111

(4)

Physics Potpourri: Energy Conservation, Consumption, and Crisis

112

(3)

3.7 Power

115

(3)

3.8 Rotation and Angular Momentum

118

(9)

Physics Potpourri: Starquakes: A Glitch in Time

120

(3)

Physics Family Album

123

(1)

Summary

124

(1)

Important Equations

124

(1)

Mapping It Out!

124

(1)

Questions

124

(1)

Problems

125

(2)

Challenges

127

(1)

Suggested Readings

127

(1)

CHAPTER 4 Physics of Matter

128

(44)

Airships

128

(1)

4.1 Matter: Phases, Forms, and Forces

128

(10)

Behavior of Atoms and Molecules

133

(3)

Physics Potpourri: What's in a Name?

136

(2)

4.2 Pressure

138

(5)

4.3 Density

143

(4)

4.4 Fluid Pressure and Gravity

147

(6)

Fluid Pressure in the Atmosphere

150

(3)

4.5 Archimedes' Principle

153

(8)

Physics Potpourri: Superfluids-Friction-free Flow

156

(5)

4.6 Pascal's Principle

161

(1)

4.7 Bernoulli's Principle

162

(11)

Physics Family Album

165

(8)

Fluids

165

(2)

Summary

167

(1)

Important Equations

167

(1)

Mapping It Out!

167

(1)

Questions

168

(1)

Problems

169

(1)

Challenges

170

(1)

Suggested Readings

171

(1)

CHAPTER 5 Temperature and Heat

172

(44)

Soaring

172

(1)

5.1 Temperature

173

(5)

Physics Potpourri: To Breathe or Not to Breathe, That Is the Question

176

(2)

5.2 Thermal Expansion

178

(6)

Liquids

181

(1)

Gases

182

(2)

5.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics

184

(4)

5.4 Heat Transfer

188

(5)

Conduction

188

(1)

Convection

189

(1)

Radiation

190

(1)

Combinations

191

(2)

5.5 Specific Heat Capacity

193

(5)

Physics Potpourri: Energy Flow in Slam

194

(4)

5.6 Phase Transitions

198

(6)

Humidity

201

(3)

5.7 Heat Engines and The Second Law of Thermodynamics

204

(11)

Heat Movers

207

(2)

Usable Energy

209

(1)

Physics Family Album

210

(1)

Heat

210

(2)

Summary

212

(1)

Important Equations

212

(1)

Mapping It Out!

212

(1)

Questions

213

(1)

Problems

214

(1)

Challenges

215

(1)

Suggested Readings

215

(1)

CHAPTER 6 Waves and Sound

216

(42)

Sound Medicine

216

(1)

6.1 Waves-Types and Properties

217

(8)

6.2 Aspects of Wave Propagation

225

(10)

Reflection

226

(2)

Doppler Effect

228

(1)

Physics Potpourri: The Hubble Relation-Expanding Our Horizons

228

(7)

Bow Waves and Shock Waves

231

(1)

Diffraction

231

(2)

Interference

233

(2)

6.3 Sound

235

(5)

Sound Applications

237

(1)

Physics Potpourri: Putting Sound to Work

238

(2)

6.4 Production of Sound

240

(3)

6.5 Propagation of Sound

243

(3)

6.6 Perception of Sound

246

(11)

Pitch

246

(1)

Loudness

246

(3)

Tone Quality

249

(3)

Physics Family Album

252

(1)

Sound

252

(1)

Summary

253

(1)

Important Equations

254

(1)

Mapping It Out!

254

(1)

Questions

254

(1)

Problems

255

(1)

Challenges

256

(1)

Suggested Readings

257

(1)

CHAPTER 7 Electricity

258

(32)

Electronic Paper

258

(1)

7.1 Electric Charge

258

(3)

7.2 Electric Force and Coulomb's Law

261

(8)

Physics Potpourri: Electrifying Sights and Sounds: A Thunderstorm Primer

266

(3)

7.3 Electric Currents-Superconductivity

269

(3)

Resistance

270

(1)

Superconductivity

271

(1)

7.4 Electric circuits and Ohm's Law

272

(6)

Series and Parallel Circuits

274

(2)

Physics Potpourri: Electricity and the Human Body

276

(2)

7.5 Power and Energy in Electric Currents

278

(3)

7.6 AC and DC

281

(8)

Physics Family Album

283

(2)

Summary

285

(1)

Important Equations

286

(1)

Mapping It Out!

286

(1)

Questions

286

(1)

Problems

287

(1)

Challenges

288

(1)

Suggested Readings

289

(1)

CHAPTER 8 Electromagnetism and EM Waves

290

Metal Detectors

290

(1)

8.1 Magnetism

291

(4)

8.2 Interactions Between Electricity and Magnetism

295

(7)

8.3 Principles of Electromagnetism

302

(2)

8.4 Applications to Sound Reproduction

304

(4)

Digital Sound

307

(1)

8.5 Electromagnetic Waves

308

(8)

Radio Waves

310

(1)

Microwaves

311

(1)

Infrared

312

(1)

Visible Light

312

(1)

Ultraviolet Radiation

313

(1)

X Rays

313

(1)

Physics Potpourri: N Rays: "C'est une erreur."

314

(2)

Gamma Rays

316

(1)

8.6 Blackbody Radiation

316

(7)

Temperature Measurement

318

(1)

Detection of Warm Objects

319

(1)

Physics Potpourri: Cosmic Background Radiation - A Relic for the Big Bang

320

(3)

8.7 EM Waves and the Earth's Atmosphere

323

(10)

Ozone Layer

323

(1)

Greenhouse Effect

324

(1)

The Ionosphere

325

(1)

Astronomy

325

(2)

Physics Family Album

327

(3)

Summary

330

(1)

Important Equations

330

(1)

Mapping It Out!

330

(1)

Questions

331

(1)

Problems

331

(1)

Challenges

332

(1)

Suggested Readings

333

CHAPTER 9 Optics 334

114

(274)

Kaleidoscopic!

334

(1)

9.1 Light Waves

334

(9)

Reflection

335

(2)

Diffraction

337

(1)

Interference

338

(2)

Polarization

340

(3)

9.2 Mirrors: Plane and Not So Simple

343

(8)

"One-Way Mirror"

344

(1)

Curved Mirrors

345

(2)

Astronomical Telescope Mirrors

347

(4)

9.3 Refraction

351

(6)

Total Internal Reflection

354

(3)

9.4 Lenses and Images

357

(11)

Physics Potpourri: Fresnel, Pharos, and Physics

358

(3)

Image Formation

361

(3)

Magnification

364

(1)

Aberrations

365

(1)

Physics Potpourri: The Camera Obscura: A Room With a View

366

(2)

9.5 The Human Eye

368

(3)

Eye Surgery

370

(1)

9.6 Dispersion and Color

371

(2)

9.7 Atmospheric Optics: Rainbows, Halos, Blue Skies

373

(9)

Rainbows

373

(3)

Halos

376

(1)

Blue Skies

377

(2)

Physics Family Album

379

(3)

Summary

382

(1)

Important Equations

382

(1)

Mapping It Out!

382

(1)

Questions

383

(2)

Problems

385

(1)

Challenges

386

(1)

Suggested Readings

387

(1)

CHAPTER 10 Atomic Physics

388

(40)

Something Old, Something New

388

(1)

10.1 The Quantum Hypothesis

388

(4)

Blackbody Radiation

389

(3)

10.2 The Photoelectric Effect and Photons

392

(4)

10.3 Atomic Spectra

396

(2)

10.4 The Bohr Model of the Atom

398

(5)

Physics Potpourri: Cosmic Chemistry, "... To Dream of Such a Thing."

398

(5)

10.5 Quantum Mechanics

403

(4)

10.6 Atomic Structure

407

(8)

10.7 X-Ray Spectra

415

(1)

10.8 Lasers

416

(7)

Physics Potpourri: Holograms-3-D Images, No Glasses Required

418

(4)

Physics Family Album

422

(1)

Summary

423

(1)

Important Equations

424

(1)

Mapping It Out!

424

(1)

Questions

424

(1)

Problems

425

(1)

Challenges

426

(1)

Suggested Readings

427

(1)

11 Nuclear Physics

428

(36)

Radioactive Sentinel

428

(1)

11.1 The Nucleus

428

(4)

11.2 Radioactivity

432

(6)

Alpha Decay

433

(1)

Beta Decay

434

(1)

Gamma Decay

435

(1)

Radioactivity and Energy

436

(1)

Applications

436

(2)

11.3 Half-Life

438

(5)

Dating

441

(1)

Physics Potpourri: Radiation: A Killer Turned Lifesaver

442

(1)

11.4 Artificial Nuclear Reactions

443

(1)

11.5 Nuclear Binding Energy

444

(2)

11.6 Nuclear Fission

446

(5)

Atomic Bombs

448

(1)

Nuclear Power Plants

449

(2)

11.7 Nuclear Fusion

451

(10)

Fusion in Stars

452

(1)

Thermonuclear Weapons

Controlled Fusion

453

(1)

Physics Potpourri: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

454

(4)

Cold Fusion

457

(1)

Physics Family Album

458

(3)

Summary

461

(1)

Map It Out!

461

(1)

Questions

461

(1)

Problems

462

(1)

Challenges

462

(1)

Suggested Readings

463

(1)

CHAPTER 12 Special Relativity and Elementary Particles

464

(44)

Antimatter: Available at a Medical Facility Near You

464

(1)

12.1 Special Relativity: The Physics of High Velocity

465

(7)

Postulates of Special Relativity

465

(1)

Predictions of Special Relativity

466

(6)

12.2 Forces and Particles

472

(7)

The Four Forces: Natural Interactions among Particles

472

(2)

Classification Schemes for Particles

474

(1)

Spin

475

(2)

Elementary Particle Lexicon

477

(2)

12.3 Conservation Laws, Revisited

479

(9)

New Conservation Laws

480

(1)

Conservation of Baryon and Lepton Numbers

480

(2)

Physics Potpourri: Symmetry and Conservation Laws

482

(4)

Conservation of Strangeness

484

(2)

Physics Potpourri: Does Nature Distinguish Left from Right?

486

(2)

12.4 Quarks: Order out of Chaos

488

(6)

Quarks

490

(4)

12.5 The Standard Model and GUTS

494

(9)

Charm, Truth, and Beauty

496

(3)

The Electroweak Interaction and GUTs

499

(3)

Physics Family Album

502

(1)

Summary

503

(1)

Important Equations

503

(1)

Mapping

It Out!

504

(1)

Questions

504

(1)

Problems

505

(1)

Challenges

506

(1)

Suggested Readings

507

(1)

Web Sites of Interest

507

(1)

Epilogue

508

(2)

General Relativity

510

(5)

Cosmology

515

(5)

Suggested Readings

520

Appendixes

A Winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics

A-1

B Math Review

B-1

C Answers

C-1

Glossary

G-1

Credits

C-1

Index

I-1

Table of Conversion Factors and Other Information

Inside back

Periodic Table

Inside back

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Inquiry into Physics (with InfoTrac)

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials