Instant Notes in Immunology

Concise yet comprehensive, Instant Notes in Immunology provides excell ent coverage of immunology for the undergraduate and provides easy acc ess to core information in the field. Aimed at first and second year s tudents in the life sciences taking subsidiary courses in immunology a s well as medical students, it covers all the important areas in immun ology in a format which is ideal for learning and rapid revision.

Alex Whelan is Senior Lecturer in Immunology at St. James' Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin and also an adjunct Professor of Microbiology at Dartmouth.

Abbreviations

viii

Preface

x

Overview of the immune system

1

(12)

The need

1

(1)

External defenses

2

(3)

Immune defense

5

(4)

Antigens

9

(4)

Cells of the innate immune system

13

(10)

Phagocytes

13

(3)

Natural killer cells

16

(2)

Mast cells and basophils

18

(2)

Dendritic cells

20

(2)

Other cells of the innate immune system

22

(1)

Molecules of the innate immune system

23

(10)

Innate molecular defense against microbes

23

(1)

Complement

24

(4)

Acute phase proteins

28

(2)

Interferons

30

(2)

Other molecules

32

(1)

Adaptive immune system: lymphocytes, lymphoid organs and tissues

33

(16)

Lymphocytes

33

(5)

Lymphoid organs and tissues

38

(5)

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues

43

(3)

Lymphocyte traffic and recirculation

46

(3)

Development of the immune system

49

(14)

Hemopoiesis -- development of blood cells

49

(3)

T cells are produced in the thymus

52

(3)

B cells are produced in the bone marrow

55

(5)

Immunity in the newborn

60

(3)

Antibodies

63

(22)

Basic structure

63

(4)

Antibody classes

67

(3)

Generation of diversity

70

(8)

Allotypes and idiotypes

78

(2)

Functions

80

(3)

Monoclonal antibodies

83

(2)

Cytokines

85

(10)

Molecules with multiple functions

85

(2)

Cytokine families

87

(5)

Cytokines in the clinic

92

(3)

Antigen recognition

95

(14)

Non self recognition by the innate immune system

95

(3)

B cell recognition of antigen, the B cell receptor complex and co-receptors

98

(2)

T cell recognition of antigen, the T cell receptor complex

100

(4)

The major histocompatibility complex and antigen processing and presentation

104

(5)

The acute inflammatory response

109

(4)

The acute inflammatory response

109

(4)

The antibody response

113

(10)

The cellular basis of the antibody response

113

(4)

Affinity maturation and class switching

117

(2)

Antibody responses in different tissues

119

(2)

Antigen/antibody complexes (immune complexes)

121

(2)

The T cell response -- cell mediated immunity

123

(8)

Cell mediated immunity

123

(3)

T cytotoxic cells

126

(3)

T helper cells

129

(2)

Lymphocyte activation

131

(12)

Receptors, co-receptors and signaling

131

(2)

T cell activation

133

(5)

B cell activation

138

(5)

Self and non self discrimination

143

(14)

Cell recognition of self and non self

143

(4)

Central tolerance

147

(2)

Peripheral tolerance

149

(4)

Acquired tolerance

153

(4)

Regulation of the immune response

157

(10)

Components involved in immune regulation

157

(1)

The role of antigen

158

(2)

Genes, T helper cells and cytokines

160

(2)

The role of antibody

162

(2)

Other control mechanisms

164

(3)

Immunity to infection

167

(12)

The microbial cosmos

167

(3)

Immunity to different organisms

170

(5)

Pathogen defense strategies

175

(4)

Tumor immunology

179

(18)

Origin and host defense against tumors

179

(1)

Tumor antigens

180

(3)

Immune responses to tumors

183

(2)

Immunodiagnosis

185

(3)

Cytokine and cellular immunotherapy of tumors

188

(2)

Immunotherapy of tumors with antibodies

190

(4)

Tumor vaccines

194

(3)

Transplantation

197

(14)

The transplantation problem

197

(2)

Transplantation antigens

199

(3)

Rejection mechanisms

202

(3)

Prevention of graft rejection

205

(6)

Vaccination

211

(12)

Principles of vaccination

211

(3)

Immunization

214

(3)

Antigen preparations

217

(4)

Vaccines to pathogens and tumors

221

(2)

Immunodeficiency -- when the immune system fails

223

(14)

Deficiencies in the immune system

223

(2)

Primary/congenital (inherited) immunodeficiency

225

(4)

Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency

229

(3)

Diagnosis and treatment of immunodeficiency

232

(5)

Hypersensitivity -- when the immune system overreacts

237

(18)

Definitions and classification

237

(2)

IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity: allergy

239

(5)

IgG and IgM-mediated type II hypersensitivity

244

(4)

Immune-complex mediated type III hypersensitivity

248

(2)

Delayed-type type IV hypersensitivity

250

(5)

Autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases

255

(20)

The spectrum and prevalence of auto-immunity

255

(2)

Factors contributing to the development of autoimmune disease

257

(5)

Autoimmune diseases -- mechanisms of development

262

(6)

Disease pathogenesis -- effector mechanisms

268

(4)

Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune disease

272

(3)

Immunotechnology -- antibodies as tools

275

(12)

Antibodies as research and diagnostic tools

275

(1)

Precipitation and agglutination

276

(3)

Immunoassay

279

(4)

Affinity chromatography

283

(1)

Monoclonal and recombinant antibodies

284

(3)

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Instant Notes in Immunology

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials