International Human Rights in a Nutshell

, by Buergenthal, Thomas; Shelton, Dinah; Stewart, David P.

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ISBN: 9780314260147 | 0314260145
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/1/2002

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Historical Antecedents of International Human Rights Law; United Nations Human Rights System; European System for the Protection of Human Rights; Inter-American Human Rights System; African System of Human and Peoples' Rights; Humanitarian Law; U.S. and International Human Rights; and Non-Governmental Human Rights Organization.

Foreword

iii

Preface

Acknowledgments

Research References

xxiii

Table of Cases

xxvii

Historical Antecedents of International Human Rights Law

Introduction

(1)

Pre-World War II Law

(26)

Introduction

(1)

Human Rights and Traditional International Law

(1)

Humanitarian Intervention

(3)

Early Human Rights Treaties

(1)

The League of Nations

(1)

The Mandates System

(1)

International Labor Standards

(1)

The Minorities System

(4)

State Responsibility for Injury to Aliens

(4)

Responsibility of Individuals and Other Private Entities

(2)

Humanitarian Law

(2)

The Past and Modern International Human Rights Law

(5)

The United Nations Human Rights System

Introduction

(1)

The UN Charter

(7)

Introduction

(1)

The San Francisco Conference and Human Rights

(1)

Human Rights in the UN Charter

(5)

The International Bill of Human Rights

(29)

Introduction

(1)

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(1)

The Rights and Freedoms

(3)

Legal Effect and Political Importance

(4)

The International Covenants on Human Rights: Introduction

(2)

The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

(4)

The Human Rights Committee

(3)

The Reporting Procedure

(3)

General Comments

(1)

Inter-State Communications

(3)

The First Optional Protocol to the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

(4)

The International Bill of Human Rights Continued

Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

(1)

The Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

(1)

Nature of the Obligations

(4)

Overseeing Implementation

(2)

Other Major UN Human Rights Treaties

(25)

Introduction

(1)

The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

(3)

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

(6)

International Convention on the Suppression and the Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid

(2)

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

(6)

Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment

(4)

Convention on the Rights of the Child

(4)

UN Chapter Based Institutions

(30)

Introduction

(1)

Commission on Human Rights

(5)

Sub-Commission on Promotion and Protection of Human Rights

101

(4)

Commission on the Status of Women

105

(1)

Other UN Bodies Concerned with Human Rights

106

(4)

Procedures for Dealing With Gross Violations of Human Rights

110

(2)

Resolution 1235

112

(1)

Resolution 1503

113

(3)

Admissibility

116

(3)

High Commissioner for Human Rights

119

(3)

Field Offices

122

(1)

Gross Violations of Human Rights and the UN Charter

123

(2)

UN Human Rights Conferences

125

(1)

Specialized Agencies

126

(7)

Introduction

126

(1)

The International Labor Organization

127

(3)

UNESCO and Other Specialized Agencies

130

(3)

The European System for the Protection of Human Rights

Introduction

133

(3)

The European Convention on Human Rights: An Overview

136

(8)

Introduction

136

(1)

Rights Guaranteed

137

(2)

The Universal Declaration and the Convention

139

(1)

Convention Institutions

140

(4)

The Enforcement Mechanism of the Convention

144

(37)

Introduction

144

(2)

Jurisdiction of the European Court

146

(1)

Inter-State Complaints

147

(2)

Private Petitions

149

(5)

Admissibility: Incompatible, Ill Founded, or Abuse of the Right of Petition

154

(2)

Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies and the Six-Months Rule

156

(7)

The Individual's Participation in the Proceedings

163

(3)

Judgments of the Court

166

(2)

Enforcement of Judgments by the Committee of Ministers

168

(4)

Interpretation of the Rights Guaranteed

172

(9)

The European Social Charter

181

(10)

Introduction

181

(1)

The Catalog of Rights

182

(3)

Legal Obligations Assumed by the Contracting Parties

185

(1)

International Measures for Enforcement of Charter Rights

186

(5)

Other Council of Europe Human Rights Treaties

191

(8)

The European Convention against Torture

191

(3)

Protection of National Minorities

194

(3)

Human Rights and Biomedicine

197

(2)

The European Union

199

(6)

Absorbing the European Convention on Human Rights

199

(3)

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

202

(3)

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

205

(16)

Introduction

205

(1)

The Helsinki Final Act

206

(3)

The OSCE Process

209

(2)

The Non-binding Character of OSCE Commitments

211

(1)

The OSCE Catalog of Rights

212

(2)

The Human Dimension Mechanism

214

(2)

The High Commissioner on National Minorities

216

(3)

Representative on Freedom of the Media

219

(2)

The Inter-American Human Rights System

Introduction

221

(2)

The OAS Charter-Based System

223

(18)

Introduction

223

(1)

The OAS Charter

224

(2)

The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

226

(2)

The Commission as Charter Organ: Its Institutional Evolution

228

(5)

The Commission as Charter Organ: Its Practice

233

(1)

Country Studies and On-Site Investigations

234

(5)

Individual Petitions

239

(2)

The Convention-Based System

241

(41)

Introduction

241

(2)

The Convention and its Guarantees

243

(3)

The Convention Organs

246

(1)

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights

247

(1)

The Commission as Convention Organ

247

(1)

Examination of Petitions

248

(6)

Role Before the Court

254

(2)

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights

256

(1)

Jurisdictions of the Court

256

(1)

Contentious Jurisdiction

256

(4)

The Court's Powers in Contentious Cases

260

(5)

Provisional Measures

265

(2)

Advisory Jurisdiction

267

(3)

Legal Effect of Advisory Opinions

270

(2)

Emerging Case law

272

(10)

The African System of Human and Peoples' Rights

Introduction

282

(1)

The Rights and Duties

283

(9)

Introduction

283

(2)

Individual Rights

285

(4)

Peoples' Rights

289

(1)

Duties

290

(2)

State Obligations and Measures of Implementation

292

(22)

Introduction

292

(1)

State Obligations

293

(2)

The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights

295

(4)

Interstate Complaints

299

(1)

Individual Complaints

300

(9)

An African Court on Human Rights

309

(5)

Humanitarian Law

Introduction

314

(1)

The Geneva Conventions and Protocols

315

(32)

Introduction

315

(2)

The Geneva Conventions and International Armed Conflicts

317

(4)

The Geneva Conventions and Internal Armed Conflicts: Common Article 3

321

(3)

Protocol I

324

(4)

Protocol II

328

(3)

Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Treaties: Their Interaction

331

(3)

The International Committee of the Red Cross

334

(3)

The Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda

337

(7)

The International Criminal Court

344

(3)

The U.S. and International Human Rights

Introduction

347

(3)

The U.S. and Human Rights Treaties

350

(27)

Introduction

350

(2)

Treaties and the U.S. Constitution

352

(1)

The U.S. Senate and Human Rights Treaties

353

(6)

Legal and Policy Considerations Affecting Ratification

359

(6)

The New Policy: Ratification with Reservations, Understandings and Declarations

365

(12)

Human Rights Legislation

377

(13)

Introduction

377

(1)

Military and Economic Aid CutOff: Laws of General Applicability

378

(7)

Country-Specific Legislation

385

(1)

International Financial Institutions

386

(1)

The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor

387

(3)

International Human Rights Law in U.S. Courts

390

(12)

Introduction

390

(1)

Human Rights Treaties

391

(3)

Customary International Law

394

(8)

Non Governmental Human Rights Organizations

Introduction

402

(3)

International Activities

405

(8)

Introduction

405

(2)

The NGOs as International Actors

407

(3)

The NGOs and International Judicial and Quasi Judicial Proceedings

410

(3)

National Activities

413

(6)

National Legislation

413

(2)

Influencing Human Rights Foreign Policy

415

(4)

Author Index

419

(10)

Subject Index

429

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International Human Rights in a Nutshell

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials