International Students in American Colleges and Universities A History

, by Bevis, Teresa Brawner; Lucas, Christopher J.

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ISBN: 9780230600119 | 0230600115
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/15/2007

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Today more than half a million foreign students study in America's colleges and universities, significantly contributing to the U.S. economy. Despite its current success, international study was initially not an easy feat and the first students had to traverse oceans and continents at a time when transportation could be treacherous. Upon arrival they found few support services and were left to maneuver a foreign education system. International Students in American Colleges and Universities argues that the legacy of those trailblazers and of the thousands who followed is an important piece of American higher education history. This book traces their fascinating story from its roots--highlighting the individuals, students and policymakers who contributed to the rich history of international students in America.

List of Tables	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
Foreign Students and Centers of Higher Learning in Antiquity	p. 13
Foreign Students in Ancient Greece	p. 14
Roman Schools	p. 16
Museums	p. 16
Student Misconduct	p. 17
Wandering Scholars in Medieval Europe	p. 19
Foreign Students in the European Universities of the High Middle Ages	p. 20
The Confessional Age	p. 26
The Grand Tour	p. 28
Early American Colleges and Education Exchange	p. 31
The Founding Fathers	p. 32
Drawing Upon the German Ideal	p. 34
From the European Perspective	p. 36
Francisco de Miranda and the First Latin American Enrollments	p. 40
Yung Wing and the Chinese Education Mission	p. 42
The First Enrollments from Japan	p. 53
The Beginnings of Immigration Policy	p. 55
The Early 1900s: Foreign Student Enrollments and Emerging Support	p. 59
The Foreign Student Census 1900-1930	p. 60
In the Spirit of de Miranda: Growing Latin American Enrollments	p. 62
The Boxer Rebellion and the Return of the Chinese	p. 63
A 1909 Foreign Student Services Survey	p. 65
Tsing Hua College	p. 68
Teachers College at Columbia University	p. 69
"Slave Education"	p. 71
The Pensionados	p. 74
Enrollments from Other World Regions: France, Japan, and India	p. 78
Cosmopolitan Clubs	p. 81
The International Houses	p. 84
The Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students	p. 88
Female Foreign Students in the Early 1900s	p. 89
Foreign Students and Christianity	p. 92
The Shaping of Governmental and Institutional Policy	p. 93
The Institute of International Education	p. 95
Exclusions and Quotas: Immigration Policy Developments	p. 98
The World War II Years and Their Aftermath	p. 101
The Birth of the Fulbright Educational Exchange Program	p. 103
The Continuing Story of the Institute of International Education	p. 108
UNESCO	p. 111
Smaller Ventures	p. 112
The 1948-1949 Foreign Student Census	p. 113
The National Association of Foreign Student Advisers	p. 120
Burden of Proof: Evaluating Credentials	p. 123
War and Postwar Immigration Policies	p. 125
Stranded in America	p. 126
Foreign Students, McCarthyism, and the Cold War	p. 131
The McCarran Legislation	p. 133
Atoms-for-Peace: Deploying Knowledge	p. 136
The Bamboo Curtain	p. 137
Internationalizing America's Campuses	p. 140
Issues of Adjustment	p. 142
The 1955 Foreign Student Census	p. 143
The Training of Physicians	p. 146
New Organizations and Initiatives for Exchange	p. 148
The 1959-1960 Foreign Student Census	p. 151
The 1960s and 1970s	p. 155
Innovations and Growth in Exchange Programs	p. 159
The IIE: New Contributions	p. 161
The South African Education Program	p. 163
The 1969-1970 Foreign Student Census	p. 164
Community Colleges and Foreign Students	p. 167
Emerging Research	p. 171
The 1979-1980 Foreign Student Census	p. 172
The Late Twentieth Century	p. 175
Global Competition	p. 175
The Community College Alternative	p. 177
Making the Sale	p. 182
A Closer Look at International Students	p. 184
Attitudes and Characteristics of Foreign Students	p. 187
Reentry	p. 188
Intellectual Migration	p. 189
Enrollments in the Late Twentieth Century	p. 191
The 1999-2000 Foreign Student Census	p. 192
Growing Enrollments from India	p. 194
Borders and Taxes	p. 195
The Opening Years of the Twenty-First Century	p. 201
International Students and the Rising Threat of Terrorism	p. 201
9/11: The Debate Continues	p. 203
Continuing Controversy Surrounding SEVIS	p. 207
Homeland Security and International Students: The Ongoing Debate	p. 208
Visa Restrictions	p. 211
The Enrollment Decline	p. 212
Responses to the Enrollment Decrease	p. 216
Enrollment Stabilization	p. 219
International Competition for Students	p. 220
The Bologna Process	p. 222
Looking Backward and Ahead	p. 223
Epilogue: Challenges and Imperatives	p. 231
Security Questions in the Aftermath of September 11, 2001	p. 231
The "Crowd-out" Effect	p. 235
The International Student Enrollment Decline Reconsidered	p. 237
Reforming Immigration Law and the Visa System	p. 238
Global Competition	p. 240
The Need for Strategic Planning	p. 241
International Students in America	p. 242
Ambiguity in the Multiple Rationales for International Exchange	p. 244
Looking Ahead	p. 246
Notes	p. 249
Bibliography	p. 271
Index	p. 281
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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International Students in American Colleges and Universities A History

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