The Statistical Relationship between Trade and Growth
Regressing Economic Growth on International Trade
The Feder Model
Dealing with Simultaneity
Trade's Growth Effect Using Qualitative Measures
Robust Studies
Testing How Trade Affects Growth
Summary and Assessment of the Empirical Results
International Trade and Factor Accumulation
The Early Growth Models
The Classical Economists and Diminishing Returns
The Harrod-Domar Growth Model
Robert Solow and His Neoclassical Growth Model
The Gains from Trade According to the Solow Model
East Asia and the Solow Model
Conclusions
Appendix: The Convenient Cobb-Douglas Production Function
Overcoming Diminishing Returns: Technology as an Externality
Factor Accumulation without Diminishing Returns
Technology
Technological Progress As an Externality
Learning-by-Doing
Learning-by-Trading
Conclusions
Technological Progress as Creative Destruction
Joseph Schumpeter's Creative Destruction
The Schumpeterian R&D Model
A Mathematical Version of the Schumpeterian Model
The Long-Run Trend in the Costs of Innovation
Conclusions and Remaining Issues
International Trade and Technological Progress
International Trade and the Schumpeterian Model
The Size of Economies and Technology
Leader-Follower Models of Growth
Sources of Ambiguity About Trade's Growth Effect
Protectionism and Creative Destruction
Conclusions and Further Issues
Multi-Sector Models and International Trade
A Two-Sector Learning-by-Doing Model
Other Sectoral Models of Trade and Economic Growth
Terms of Trade Arguments for Protection
Protectionism to Promote Technological Progress
Import Substitution Policies
Conclusions
International Trade and Technology Transfers
Domestic Technology vs. Adopted Technology
Empirical Evidence on Technology Diffusion
Summary and Conclusions
Restating the Case for Free Trade
Dynamic Arguments for Free Trade
A Much More General View of Trade and Growth
Final Comments
Bibliography
Author Index
Subject Index
About the Authors
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