Internationalized Criminal Courts Sierra Leone, East Timor, Kosovo, and Cambodia

, by Romano, Cesare P. R.; Nollkaemper, André; Kleffner, Jann K.

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ISBN: 9780199276745 | 0199276749
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 12/30/2004

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In response to the weaknesses of international tribunals and domestic courts in the prosecution of crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, a new generation of 'internationalized' criminal courts has been established. This book addresses three active and one putative jurisdiction of this kind in East Timor, Kosovo, Sierra Leone, and Cambodia.

List of Abbreviations

xxiii

Table of Cases

xxvii

Table of Treaties

xxxi

Table of International Instruments

xxxv

Tables of Domestic Laws

Part I Introduction

(38)

1. The Role of Internationalized Courts and Tribunals in the Fight Against International Criminality

(12)

Antonio Cassese

A. Introduction

(1)

B. International or Internationalized Courts v. National Courts

(1)

C. International v. Mixed or Internationalized Courts

(1)

D. Merits of Mixed or Internationalized Courts

(1)

E. Main Practical Problems Such Courts May Have to Face

(2)

F. Some Legal Problems With Which Such Courts May Have to Come to Grips

(2)

G. Situations Appropriate for Establishing Mixed or Internationalized Courts

(2)

H. The Outlook for International Criminal Justice

(1)

I. Conclusion

(2)

2. The Second Generation UN-Based Tribunals: A Diversity of Mixed Jurisdictions

(24)

Daphna Shraga

A. Introduction

(1)

B. Negotiating the Legal Framework for the Extraordinary Chambers and the Special Court

(5)

C. Subject Matter Jurisdiction

(2)

D. Personal Jurisdiction

(4)

E. Temporal Jurisdiction

(1)

F. The Organizational Structure of the Mixed Tribunals

(2)

G. The Relationship Between the `Law of the Mixed Tribunals' and the Law of the Seat-the Validity of Amnesties

(2)

H. The UN-administered Courts in Kosovo and East Timor

(4)

I. The Diversity of Mixed Tribunals: In Search of a Model Jurisdiction

(3)

Part II Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals

(194)

3. Explaining and Evaluating the UNMIK Court System

(18)

John Cerone and Clive Baldwin

A. Introduction

(1)

B. Legal Framework

(8)

C. Evaluation

(6)

D. Conclusion

(3)

4. Internationalized Courts in Kosovo: An UNMIK Perspective

(20)

Jean-Christian Cady and Nicholas Booth

A. The Background

(3)

B. The Administration of the IJP Programme

(4)

C. The Future Role of International Judges and Prosecutors

(3)

D. The Applicable Law

(4)

E. Criticisms of the IJP Programme

(4)

F. Lessons Learned

(2)

5. East Timor: Trials and Tribulations

(20)

Sylvia de Bertodano

A. The Dili Trials

(13)

B. The Jakarta Trials

(4)

C. Conclusion

(3)

6. Getting Untrapped, Struggling for Truths: The Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR) in East Timor

(26)

Beth S Lyons

A. Introduction

(2)

B. An Overview of the CAYR Regulation

101

(8)

C. The CAVR in Practice

109

(6)

D. Meeting its Objective: Obstacles to Finding the Truth

115

(1)

E. The CAVR's Relation to the Formal Justice System

116

(5)

G. Conclusion

121

(4)

7. Sierra Leone: The Intersection of Law, Policy and Practice

125

(16)

Alison Smith

A. Introduction

125

(2)

B. Who Should Benefit from the Special Court and How?

127

(3)

C. Particular Aspects of the Special Court

130

(7)

D. Conclusion

137

(4)

8. The Management Committee for the Special Court for Sierra Leone

141

(16)

Phakiso Mochochoko and Giorgia Tortora

A. Introduction

141

(1)

B. Background

141

(2)

C. Negotiations on the Management Committee

143

(4)

D. Negotiations on the Terms of Reference of the Management Committee

147

(4)

E. The Planning Mission

151

(2)

F. Practical Arrangements for the Court's Start-up Phase

153

(1)

G. Future Challenges

154

(2)

H. Conclusion

156

(1)

9. Internationalized Courts and their Relationship with Alternative Accountability Mechanisms: The Case of Sierra Leone

157

(24)

William A Schabas

A. Introduction

157

(2)

B. Legal Status and Functions of the Too Institutions

159

(6)

C. The `Relationship' Between the TRC and the Court

165

(14)

D. Conclusion

179

(2)

10. The Politics of Genocide Justice in Cambodia

181

(26)

Craig Etcheson

A. Introduction

181

(2)

B. Domestic Politics

183

(7)

C. International Dimensions

190

(11)

D. Interaction of Domestic and International Political Dimensions

201

(6)

11. The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia for Prosecuting Crimes Committed by the Khmer Rouge: Jurisdiction, Organization, and Procedure of an Internationalized Tribunal

207

(26)

Ernestine E Meijer

A. Introduction

207

(2)

B. Relationship Between the United Nations-Cambodia Agreement and Cambodian Law

209

(2)

C. Jurisdiction

211

(4)

D. General Principles of Criminal Law

215

(2)

E. Organization of the Extraordinary Chambers

217

(7)

F. Procedural Law

224

(6)

G. Settlement of Disputes Between the United Nations and Cambodia

230

(1)

H. Beginning and End

230

(1)

I. Conclusion

231

(2)

Part III Cross-Cutting Aspects

233

(212)

12. The Judges and Prosecutors of Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals

235

(36)

Cesare PR Romano

A. Introduction

235

(4)

B. Mixed Staffing

239

(5)

C. Qualifications

244

(8)

D. Recruiting Personnel

252

(7)

E. Independence of the Judiciary

259

(10)

F. Conclusion

269

(2)

13. The Financing of Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals

271

(20)

Thordis Ingadottir

A. Introduction

271

(1)

B. The Financial Framework of International and Internationlized Criminal Bodies

272

(3)

C. Funding of International and Internationalized Criminal Bodies

275

(6)

D. The Cost of International and Internationalized Criminal Tribunals

281

(4)

E. Cheap and Efficient Tribunals?

285

(3)

F. Conclusion

288

(3)

14. Internationalized Courts and Substantive Criminal Law

291

(26)

Bert Swart

A. Introduction

291

(1)

B. The Purpose of Internationalized Courts

291

(2)

C. Jurisdiction

293

(2)

D. Applicable Law

295

(19)

E. General Observations and Conclusions

314

(3)

15. Procedural Law of Internationalized Criminal Courts

317

(42)

Håkan Friman

A. Introduction

317

(1)

B. Applicable Procedural Law

318

(5)

C. Criteria for Assessment of the Procedural Regimes

323

(3)

D. Procedural Standards for Fair and Expeditious Proceedings

326

(27)

E. Conclusion

353

(6)

16. The Relationship Between Internationalized Courts and National Courts

359

(20)

Jann K Kleffner and André Nollkaemper

A. Introduction

359

(1)

B. Overlapping Jurisdiction of Internationalized and National Courts

360

(6)

C. Regulation of Concurrent Jurisdiction Between Internationalized and National Courts

366

(2)

D. Challenging the Legality of Establishment of Internationalized Courts in National Courts

368

(3)

E. Review of Decisions of Internationalized Courts by National Courts

371

(2)

F. Ne Bis in Idem

373

(3)

G. Authority of Judgments of Internationahzed Courts

376

(1)

H. Conclusion

377

(2)

17. Legal Assistance to Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals

379

(28)

Loran Sluiter

A. Introduction

379

(1)

B. Various Forms of Cooperation

380

(2)

C. Models of Legal Assistance: Horizontal and Vertical

382

(6)

D. Legal Assistance to the Kosovo and East Timor Panels

388

(8)

E. Legal Assistance to the Cambodian Extraordinary Chambers and the Sierra Leonean Special Court

396

(9)

F. Conclusion

405

(2)

18. Some Tentative Remarks on the Relationship Between Internationalized Criminal Jurisdictions and the International Criminal Court

407

(10)

Marcus Benzing and Morten Bergsmo

A. Introduction

407

(1)

B. Internationalized Cowls and the ICC: Cooperation or Jurisdictional Conflict? Some Considerations

408

(3)

C. Internationalized Courts and the Complementarity Principle of the Rome Statute

411

(2)

D. The Role of the ICC in 'Internationalizing' National Courts and in 'Supervising' Internationalized Courts

413

(2)

E. Concluding Remarks

415

(2)

19. Geographical and Jurisdictional Reach of ICC: Gaps in the International Criminal Justice System and a Role for Internationalized Bodies

417

(10)

Mariacarmen Colitti

A. Introduction

417

(2)

B. Interstices in the Rome Statute

419

(6)

C. Conclusion: Life in the Shadow of the ICC-A Case for Symbiosis?

425

(2)

20. Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals: Are They Necessary?

427

(10)

Luigi Condorelli and Théo Boutruche

A. Introduction

427

(1)

B. Towards a Definition of the Internationalized Criminal Tribunals

428

(2)

C. The Differences Between the Internationalized Criminal Tribunals

430

(5)

D. Conclusion

435

(2)

21. Internationalized Courts: Better Than Nothing...

437

(8)

Alain Pellet

A. The Reasons for Internationalization of National Courts

437

(1)

B. The Conditions for an Acceptable Partial Internationalization

438

(1)

C. International Crimes Demand Truly International Justice

439

(1)

D. Double Standards'

440

(1)

E. Nationalizing International Tribunals?

441

(2)

F. Universal Jurisdiction

443

(2)

Select Bibliography

445

(15)

Websites

460

(3)

Index

463

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Internationalized Criminal Courts Sierra Leone, East Timor, Kosovo, and Cambodia

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials