Introduction to Biological Physics for the Health and Life Sciences

, by Franklin, Kirsten; Muir, Paul; Scott, Terry; Wilcocks, Lara; Yates, Paul

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ISBN: 9780470665930 | 0470665939
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/11/2010

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This books aims to demystify fundamental biophysics for students in the health and biosciences required to study physics and to understand the mechanistic behaviour of biosystems. The text is well supplemented by worked conceptual examples that will constitute the main source for the students, whilst combining conceptual examples and practice problems with more quantitative examples and recent technological advances.

Mechanics
Kinematics
Introduction
Distance and Displacement
Speed and Velocity
Acceleration
Average Velocity or Speed
The Acceleration Due to Gravity
Independence of Motion in 2D
Summary
Force and Newton's Laws of Motion
Introduction
The Concept of Force
Kinds of Force
Newtonian Gravity
Summary
Motion in a Circle
Introduction
Description of Circular Motion
Circular Velocity and Acceleration
Centripetal Force
Sources of Centripetal Force
Summary
Statics
Introduction
Equilibrium
Torque
The Principle of Moments
Centre of Gravity or Centre of Mass
Stability
Summary
Energy
Introduction
What is Energy?
Work
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Conservative Forces
Conservation of Total Energy
Power
Summary
Momentum
Introduction
Linear Momentum
Newton's Laws and Momentum
Collisions
Elastic Collisions
Summary
Simple Harmonic Motion
Introduction
Hooke's Law
Simple Harmonic Motion
The Simple Pendulum
Summary
Waves
Introduction
Simple Harmonic Motion &Waves
Frequency, Wavelength, & Speed
The Form of the Wave
Types of Wave
Superposition & Interference
Beats
Reflection
Standing Waves
Waves and Energy
Complex Waveforms
Summary
Sound and Hearing
Introduction
Sound Waves in Media
Pitch and Loudness
Resonance and Sound Generation
The Ear
The Doppler Effect
Summary
BulkMaterials
Elasticity: Stress and Strain
Introduction
Tension and Compression
Shear Stress and Strain
Bulk Stress and Strain
Elasticity
Summary
Pressure
Introduction
Pressure
Density
Pascal's Principle
Measurement of Pressure
Pressure and the Human Body
Summary
Buoyancy
Introduction
The Buoyant Force
Summary
Surface Tension and Capillarity
Introduction
Surface Tension
Capillarity
Surfactants and the Lung
Summary
Fluid Dynamics of Non-viscous Fluids
Introduction
Definitions of Some Key Terms
The Equation of Continuity
Bernoulli's Equation
Summary
Fluid Dynamics of Viscous Fluids
Introduction
Viscosity
Turbulence
Summary
Molecular Transport Phenomena
Introduction
Diffusion
Osmosis
Applications to Biological Systems
Summary
Thermodynamics
Temperature and the Zeroth Law
Introduction
Thermal Equilibrium
Measuring Temperature
Thermal Expansion of Materials
Summary
Ideal Gases
Introduction
The Gas Laws
Biological Applications
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Summary
Phase and Temperature Change
Introduction
Phase Changes
Temperature Changes
Energy Conservation
L and c Values for Water
Summary
Water Vapour and the Atmosphere
Introduction
Mixtures of Water Vapour and Air
Partial Pressure, Moisture Content
Atmospheric Properties
Psychrometry
Applications
Summary
Heat Transfer
Introduction
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Combined Transfer Processes
Summary
Thermodynamics and the Body
Introduction
The First Law
Energy and the Body
Thermoregulation
Temperature and Health
Summary
Electricity and DC Circuits
Static Electricity
Introduction
Charge
Conductors and Insulators
Charging of Objects
Polarization
Summary
Electric Force and Electric Field
Introduction
Coulomb's Law
Superposition of Electric Forces
Inverse Square Laws
The Electric Field
Electric Field Diagrams
Superposition of Electric Fields
Summary
Electrical Potential and Energy
Introduction
Electrical Potential Energy
Electrical Potential
Electrical Potential and Work
Equipotential and Field Lines
Electrical and External Forces
The Heart and ECG
Summary
Capacitance
Introduction
The Capacitor
Energy Stored in a Capacitor
Capacitors in Series and Parallel
The Dielectric in a Capacitor
Summary
Direct Currents and DC Circuits
Introduction
Electric Current
Current Flow and Drift Velocity
Direct Versus Alternating Current
Circuits and Circuit Diagrams
Power Sources
Resistance and Ohm's Law
Resistors and Resistivity
Wires
Kirchhoff's Laws
Resistors in Series and Parallel
Power Dissipation
Electric Shock Hazards
Alternate Energy Units
Summary
Time Behaviour of RC Circuits
Introduction
The RC Circuit
Discharging RC Circuit
Charging RC Circuit
Summary
Optics
The Nature of Light
Introduction
Electromagnetic Waves
Reflection
Refraction
Dispersion
Summary
Geometric Optics
Introduction
Ray Diagrams
Plane Mirrors
Spherical Mirrors
Magnification
Lenses
Summary
The Eye and Vision
Introduction
The Parts of the Eye
Emmetropia
Myopia
Hypermetropia
Presbyopia
Astigmatism
Alternative Structure & Placement
Colour Vision
Summary
Wave Optics
Introduction
Superposition and Interference
Huygens' Principle
Diffraction
Young's Double Slit Experiment
Single Slit Diffraction
Diffraction Gratings
Circular Apertures and Diffraction
Visual Acuity
Thin-Film Interference
Summary
VI Radiation and Health
Atoms and Atomic Physics
Introduction
Parts of the Atom
Orbitals and Energy Levels
The Böhr Model of the Atom
Multi-Electron Atoms
Quantum Mechanics
Summary
The Nucleus and Nuclear Physics
Introduction
Protons and Neutrons
Nuclei and Isotopes
Energy and Mass Units
Nuclear Forces
Nuclear Decay and Stability
Summary
Production of Ionizing Radiation
Introduction
Nuclear Decay Processes
Activity and Half-Life
X-ray Production
Other Sources of Radiation
Summary
Interactions of Ionizing Radiation
Introduction
Attenuation and Cross Section
X-rays and Gamma Radiation
Particles
Detection of Ionizing Radiation
Summary
Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Introduction
Mechanisms of Cell Damage
Dose and Dose Equivalent
Types of Effect
Medical Effects and Risk
UV
Summary
Medical Imaging
Introduction
X-ray Imaging
CT Scan
PET scan
Gamma camera and SPECT
Ultrasound Sonography
Diagnostic Procedures: Dose
Summary
Magnetism and MRI
Introduction
Magnetism
A Brief Outline of MRI
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Summary
Appendices
Physical Constants
High Precision Mass Values
Useful Constants
Basic Maths and Science Skills
Measurement and Units
Basic Algebra
Exponentials and Logarithms
Geometry
Trigonometric Functions
Vectors
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Introduction to Biological Physics for the Health and Life Sciences

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials