Introduction to Communication Systems

Here is your one-stop resource on the essentials of communications systems analysis and simulation. Presented in a straight forward, easy-to-understand manner, the book provides a thorough treatment of all the important fundamental topics such as sampling, frequency analysis, linear systems, and filters. You gain a clear understanding of the real-world effects of computer simulation and learn how to perform efficient bit error rate (BER) calculations and baseband simulations.

Maurice Schiff has taught digital communications at UCLA extension.

Preface

xiii

Elements of a Communication System

1

(12)

The Transmitter

1

(7)

The Data Source

1

(1)

Source Encoding

1

(5)

Forward Error Correction

6

(1)

Interleaving

7

(1)

Baseband Filtering

8

(1)

Modulation

8

(1)

The Transmission Channel

8

(2)

Additive White Gaussian Noise

9

(1)

Interference

9

(1)

Fading

9

(1)

Receiver

10

(1)

Frequency Offset

10

(1)

Phase Offset

10

(1)

Timing Offset

11

(1)

Data Recovery

11

(1)

Conclusion

11

(2)

Selected Bibliography

11

(2)

Linear Time Invariant Systems

13

(16)

LTI Systems

13

(2)

Fourier Transform (FT) Theory

15

(2)

The Digital Fourier Transform

17

(4)

DFT Windows

21

(4)

The Fast Fourier Transform

25

(2)

Conclusion

27

(2)

Selected Bibliography

27

(2)

Sampling

29

(18)

The Sampling Operation

29

(4)

The Nyquist Sampling Theorem

33

(5)

Recovering the Signal from Its Samples

38

(3)

Band-Pass Sampling

41

(3)

Conclusion

44

(3)

Selected Bibliography

45

(2)

Filters

47

(18)

General Considerations

47

(3)

The Laplace Transform

50

(1)

Poles, Zeros, and Stability

51

(2)

The Two Worlds of a Filter

53

(1)

Infinite Impulse Response filters

53

(1)

Finite Impulse Response Filters

54

(1)

The z Transform

54

(1)

From s to z

55

(3)

Frequency Warping

58

(1)

The IIR Filter

59

(2)

General Implementation of a Filter of Form N(z)/D(z)

61

(1)

Practical Consideration in IIR Filter Simulation

62

(1)

Conclusion

63

(2)

Selected Bibliography

63

(2)

Digital Detection

65

(14)

The Vector Channel

65

(3)

The Waveform Channel

68

(1)

The Matched Filter Receiver

69

(4)

From Signals to Vectors

73

(3)

The I, Q Vector Space

76

(1)

Conclusion

77

(2)

Selected Bibliography

77

(2)

Modulation

79

(24)

Amplitude Modulation (MASK)

79

(1)

Frequency Modulation (MFSK)

79

(4)

Phase Modulation (MPSK)

83

(3)

π/4 DQPSK Modulation

86

(1)

Offset QPSK Modulation

86

(1)

QAM Modulation

86

(2)

MSK Modulation

88

(1)

OFDM Modulation

89

(3)

Pulse Position Modulation

92

(1)

Pulse Width Modulation

93

(1)

GSM EDGE Modulation

93

(1)

Spread Spectrum Modulation

94

(8)

Frequency Hopping

96

(1)

Direct Sequence Pseudo Noise

96

(6)

Conclusion

102

(1)

Selected Bibliography

102

(1)

Demodulation

103

(16)

In-Phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) Down Conversion Process

103

(1)

Low-Pass Filtering

104

(3)

CIC Filter

105

(1)

Polyphase Filter

105

(1)

Half Band Filter

106

(1)

Offset Parameter Recovery

107

(5)

Frequency Offset

107

(3)

Data Timing

110

(2)

Phase/Frequency Recovery

112

(3)

BPSK

113

(1)

QPSK

114

(1)

Decision Feedback

115

(1)

Conclusion

115

(4)

Selected Bibliography

117

(2)

Baseband Pulse Shaping

119

(12)

Baseband Pulse Analyses

119

(3)

The Raised Cosine Pulse

122

(3)

Intersymbol Interference and Eye Diagrams

125

(3)

The Root Raised Cosine Filter

128

(1)

Conclusion

129

(2)

Selected Bibliography

130

(1)

Bit Error Rate Calculations

131

(8)

The BER Measurement Process

131

(2)

System Group Delay

133

(2)

Eb/No Calibration

135

(2)

Physical RF World Simulation

135

(2)

Standard BER Runs

137

(1)

Conclusion

137

(2)

Selected Bibliography

137

(2)

Channel Models

139

(16)

Flat Fading

139

(3)

Rician Flat Fade

142

(1)

The Jakes Model

143

(1)

Frequency Selective Fading

144

(2)

Effects of Fading on BER Performance

146

(2)

Mitigating Fading

148

(6)

Equalizers

148

(5)

Diversity

153

(1)

Conclusion

154

(1)

Selected Bibliography

154

(1)

Nonlinear Amplifiers

155

(8)

Intercept and Compression Points

155

(4)

TWT

159

(1)

Spur Charts

159

(3)

Conclusion

162

(1)

Selected Bibliography

162

(1)

Baseband Simulation

163

(6)

Basic Concept

163

(1)

Pass-Band Filtering

164

(2)

Baseband Noise

166

(1)

Conclusion

167

(2)

Selected Bibliography

167

(2)

Ultra-Wideband Systems

169

(16)

Direct Sequence DS-UWB Systems

170

(8)

Scrambler

170

(1)

Forward Error Correction

171

(1)

Puncturing

171

(1)

Interleaver

172

(1)

Modulation

173

(5)

Multiband OFDM UWB-Multiband OFDM Alliance Systems

178

(6)

FEC Coding

180

(1)

Puncturing

181

(1)

Modulation

181

(3)

Carrier Modulation Frequency Agility

184

(1)

Conclusion

184

(1)

Selected Bibliography

184

(1)

APPENDIX A Table of Laplace Transforms

185

(2)

APPENDIX B Elements of Probability Theory and Random Variables

187

(8)

Probability Theory

187

(3)

Axioms of Probability

187

(1)

Dice Example

187

(2)

Conditional Probability

189

(1)

Random Variables

190

(5)

The Gaussian Random Variable

191

(2)

The Uniform Distribution

193

(1)

Selected Bibliography

193

(2)

APPENDIX C Error Correcting Codes

195

(12)

Block Codes

195

(6)

Generating the Codes

195

(6)

Convolutional Codes

201

(6)

Punctured Codes

203

(1)

Decoding Convolutional Codes

204

(1)

Hard Versus Soft Decoding

205

(1)

Selected Bibliography

206

(1)

APPENDIX D Trivia Question

207

(2)

Selected Bibliography

207

(2)

About the Author

209

(2)

Index

211

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Introduction to Communication Systems Simulation

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials