An Introduction to Mass and Heat Transfer Principles of Analysis and Design

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ISBN: 9780471111764 | 0471111767
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/30/1997

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This highly recommended book on transport phenomena shows readers how to develop mathematical representations (models) of physical phenomena. The key elements in model development involve assumptions about the physics, the application of basic physical principles, the exploration of the implications of the resulting model, and the evaluation of the degree to which the model mimics reality. This book also expose readers to the wide range of technologies where their skills may be applied.

CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS MASS TRANSFER?

(5)

1.1 Examples of Mass Transfer

(2)

1.1.1 Design of a Sustained Release System for Control of Insects

(1)

1.1.2 Design of a Bubbler for Delivering Dopants to a CVD Reactor

(1)

1.1.3 Design of a Dryer for a Polymeric Coating

(1)

1.1.4 Design of an Artificial Kidney: An Enzyme/Bead Reactor

(1)

1.2 Reexamination and Overview

(2)

CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF DIFFUSIVE MASS TRANSFER

(31)

2.1 Concentrations, Velocities, and Fick's Law of Diffusion

(11)

Example 2.1.1 Diffusion of Napthalene in a Narrow Tube

(2)

Example 2.1.2 Calculation of Diffusion Velocities in a "Static" System

(1)

Example 2.1.3 Mass Flow Without Molar Flow

(1)

Example 2.1.4 Diffusion with a Reaction on a Surface

(1)

Example 2.1.5 Diffusion across a Thin Barrier Separating Two Fluids

(2)

Example 2.1.6 Calculation of b(p) from Solubility Data

(1)

Example 2.1.7 Calculation of D(AB) from Solubility b(p) and Permeability K

(1)

Example 2.1.8 Effectiveness of a Vapor Barrier

(1)

Example 2.1.9 Diffusion of a Diatomic Gas Through a Metal Barrier

(1)

2.2 Estimation of Diffusion Coefficients

(5)

2.2.1 Binary Diffusion in Gases at Low Pressure

(2)

Example 2.2.1 Diffusivity of H(2) in Argon

(1)

2.2.2 Diffusion in Liquids

(1)

Example 2.2.2 Estimate the Diffusivity of Benzoic Acid in Water at 25degree C

(1)

2.3 Application of These Principles to Analysis and Design of a Sustained Release Hollow-Fiber System

(5)

2.3.1 Assessment of Some Assumptions of the Model

(1)

2.4 The Quasi-Steady Approximation

(2)

Summary

(1)

Problems

(8)

CHAPTER 3 STEADY, AND QUASI-STEADY MASS TRANSFER

(70)

3.1 Mass Balance on a Species

(3)

3.2 Boundary Conditions

(30)

Example 3.2.1 Mass-Transfer Controlled by External Diffusion Resistance

(3)

Example 3.2.2 Diffusion Controlled by External Convection

(1)

Example 3.2.3 Respiration of a Spherical Cell

(2)

Example 3.2.4 Life Support for a Spherical Organism: First-Order Kinetics for Respiration

(3)

Example 3.2.5 Control of Organism Growth

(1)

Example 3.2.6 A Steady State Convection/Diffusion Problem

(3)

Example 3.2.7 Design of an Outlet for a Reactor

(7)

Example 3.2.8 Diffusion Through a Film Within Which There is a Homogeneous Reaction

(4)

Example 3.2.9 Diffusion with Second-Order Reaction

(3)

Example 3.2.10 A Design for Enhanced Oxygen Transfer

(2)

3.3 Design of an Artificial Kidney Utilizing Urease in Polymeric Beads

(6)

3.4 A Model to Aid the Interpretation of Data on the Dissolution of "Nuclear Waste" Glass

(4)

3.5 Analysis of "Barrier Films" for Packaging

(6)

Example 3.5.1 Prevention of Water Intrusion into a Food Package

(4)

Example 3.5.2 Retention of Carbonation in a Soda Bottle

(2)

3.6 Mass Transfer Issues in the Production of Fuel Pellets for a Controlled Fusion Reactor

(3)

Example 3.6.1 Leakage from Glass Microspheres in Storage

(2)

3.7 The Use of a Simple Mass Transfer Model to Guide a Strategy for a Medical Procedure: The Repair of Retinal Detachment

(5)

Summary

(1)

Problems

(13)

CHAPTER 4 UNSTEADY STATE (TRANSIENT) MASS TRANSFER

109

(95)

4.1 Unsteady State Mass Transfer

109

(4)

4.1.1 Some Examples of Unsteady State Mass Transfer Problems

112

(1)

Example A Unsteady Diffusion Across a Membrane

112

(1)

Example B A Dissolving Particle

112

(1)

Example C Evaporation of a Solvent from a Film

112

(1)

Example D Stroke and Cell Death

112

(1)

Example E Doping of a Semiconductor FIlm

113

(1)

4.2 General Transient Diffusion: No Reaction or Internal Convection

113

(28)

Example 4.2.1 Unsteady Diffusion Across a Membrane Test Cell

118

(5)

Example 4.2.2 A Dissolving Particle (an External Diffusion Problem)

123

(5)

Example 4.2.3 Transient Evaporation of Solvent from a Sheet of Polymer

128

(2)

4.2.1 Transient Diffusion for Very Short Times

130

(6)

Example 4.2.4 A Device for Treatment of Glaucoma

136

(2)

Example 4.2.5 Doping a Semiconductor Film

138

(1)

Example 4.2.6 Comparison of Two Methods for Measurement of Diffusivity of a Species through a Membrane

139

(2)

4.3 Internal Versus External Resistances

141

(8)

Example 4.3.1 Decaffeination of Coffee Beans

143

(2)

Example 4.3.2 Drying of Paper

145

(3)

Example 4.3.3 Evaporation of Solute from a Small Water Droplet

148

(1)

4.4 Negligible Internal Resistance

149

(14)

Example 4.4.1 Kinetics of a Sustained-Release Drug Delivery System

151

(3)

Example 4.4.2 Dissolution of Solid Particles in Liquids

154

(3)

Example 4.4.3 Control of a Toxic Gas Release in a Closed Space

157

(6)

4.5 Diffusion Limitations in the Decontamination of Soil

163

(5)

Example 4.5.1 Desorption of Tetrachlorobenzene from a River Sediment: Intraparticle Diffusion Controlling

165

(3)

4.6 The Dynamics of Transport through Landfill Barriers

168

(8)

Example 4.6.1 Diffusion Across a Clay Liner

171

(1)

Example 4.6.2 Diffusion Across a Clay Liner: Near Steady State

172

(3)

Example 4.6.3 Contamination of an Aquifer by a Landfill

175

(1)

4.7 Transient Diffusion with a Reaction on the Boundaries

176

(2)

Summary

178

(1)

Problems

179

(25)

CHAPTER 5 DIFFUSION WITH LAMINAR CONVECTION

204

(48)

5.1 The Falling Film Evaporator

204

(11)

Example 5.1.1 Design of a Falling Film Absorber for Oxygen

210

(5)

5.2 Dissolution of a Solid Film by a Flowing Solvent

215

(7)

Example 5.2.1 Cleaning a Solid Residue from Inside a Tube

218

(4)

5.3 The Artificial Kidney (Dialysis Analysis)

222

(12)

Example 5.3.1 Determination of the Permeability of a Dialysis Membrane

230

(1)

Example 5.3.2 Required Size of a Dialysis Unit for Removal of a Solute

231

(1)

Example 5.3.3 The Effect of Dialysis on the Concentration of a Toxin in the Body

232

(2)

5.4 Diffusion-Controlled Film Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition

234

(4)

5.5 Burning of a Coal Particle

238

(8)

Example 5.5.1 A Model for Fuel Particle Burnout

244

(2)

Summary

246

(1)

Problems

246

(6)

CHAPTER 6 CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS

252

(54)

6.1 Some Examples of Convective Mass Transfer

252

(3)

Example 6.1.1 Spinning Fibers from Solution

252

(1)

Example 6.1.2 Reaction in a Catalytic Converter

253

(1)

Example 6.1.3 Burning of a Coal Particle in a Fluidized Bed Furnace

253

(1)

Example 6.1.4 Oxygen Transfer from Bubbles to Liquid

254

(1)

6.2 Film Theory

255

(3)

6.3 Boundary Layer Theory for Mass Transfer from a Flat Plate (The Integral Method)

258

(5)

6.3.1 Momentum Boundary Layer Analysis

259

(2)

6.3.2 Concentration Boundary Layer Analysis

261

(2)

6.4 Predictions of Sherwood Number for Transfer to Laminar Films

263

(9)

Example 6.4.1 Mass Transfer in Flow through a Parallel Plate Channel: Definition of a Concentration Driving Force

267

(3)

Example 6.4.2 Evaporation of Naphthalene from Planar Boundaries of a Channel when the Flow is Laminar

270

(1)

Example 6.4.3 Evaporation of Naphthalene from Planar Boundaries of a Channel when the Flow is Turbulent

271

(1)

6.5 Transfer to a Laminar Falling Film with Gas Side Resistance

272

(5)

Example 6.5.1 Conversion of Evaporation Rate Data to Sherwood Number Data

275

(2)

6.6 Mass Transfer into Aerated Vessels

277

(7)

6.6.1 Bubble Dynamics

277

(2)

6.6.2 Capacity Coefficients in Aerated Systems

279

(2)

Example 6.6.1 Gas Flow to Sustain Growth in a Fermentor

281

(2)

Example 6.6.2 Experimental Determination of k(c)a(v)

283

(1)

6.7 Mass Transfer in Parallel Plate Reverse Osmosis System

284

(4)

Example 6.7.1 Effect of Concentration Polarization on Permeate Flow

286

(2)

6.8 Mass Transfer to Particles in a Turbulent Stirred Tank

288

(3)

Example 6.8.1 Particle Dissolution in an Agitated Tank: Mass Transfer Coefficient

290

(1)

Example 6.8.2 Particle Dissolution in an Agitated Tank: Dissolution Time

290

(1)

6.9 Mass Transfer in Fluidized Bed Furnace

291

(2)

Summary

293

(2)

Problems

295

(11)

CHAPTER 7 CONTINUOUS GAS/LIQUID CONTACTORS

306

(29)

7.1 Two-Resistance Film Theory

307

(5)

7.2 Analysis of Continuous Contact Transfer

312

(5)

7.3 The Performance Equation for Dilute Systems

317

(5)

Example 7.3.1 How to Find K(y)a(v) from Performance Data on a Column

318

(2)

Example 7.3.2 Find Tower Height for a Specified Performance

320

(2)

7.4 Minimum Flowrate Ratio (L/G)(min)

322

(1)

7.5 Maximum Vapor Flowrate (Flooding)

323

(2)

Example 7.5.1 Choosing a Tower Diameter

324

(1)

7.6 A Design Procedure for Linear Systems

325

(3)

Example 7.6.1 Find the Required Tower Height

326

(2)

7.7 Correlations for Performance Characteristics of Packed Towers

328

(4)

Example 7.7.1 Use of Empirical Correlations

329

(2)

Example 7.7.2 Effect of Flowrates on the Height of a Gas Phase Transfer Unit (H(G))

331

(1)

Summary

332

(1)

Problems

332

(3)

CHAPTER 8 MEMBRANE TRANSFER AND MEMBRANE SEPARATION SYSTEMS

335

(32)

8.1 Introduction

335

(1)

8.2 Mass Transfer Analyses of Some Membrane Phenomena

336

(3)

Example 8.2.1 Calculation of the Pure Water Permeability

337

(1)

Example 8.2.2 Rejection Coefficient of a Membrane

338

(1)

8.3 A Solution-Diffusion Model of Steady Membrane Transport

339

(9)

Example 8.3.1 Coefficients for the Membrane of Examples 8.2.1 and 8.2.2

343

(1)

Example 8.3.2 Mass Transfer Coefficient for the Membrane

343

(1)

Example 8.3.3 Performance of a Tubular Membrane

344

(4)

8.4 Design Equations for a Tubular Membrane System with Large Fractional Recovery

348

(5)

Example 8.4.1 Performance Analysis of a Tubular Membrane System with No Polarization Effects

350

(3)

8.5 Hollow Fiber Membrane Systems

353

(6)

Example 8.5.1 Performance Characteristics of a Hollow Fiber Membrane

356

(3)

Summary

359

(1)

Problems

359

(8)

CHAPTER 9 INTRODUCTION

367

(4)

9.1 Some Heat Transfer Problems

367

(4)

9.1.1 Production of a Polymeric Film

367

(1)

9.1.2 Desalination by Vaporization/Condensation

367

(1)

9.1.3 A Solar Hot Water Heater

368

(1)

9.1.4 Contaminant Entrainment by Buoyancy

369

(2)

CHAPTER 10 HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION

371

(30)

10.1 Fourier's Law of Conductive Heat Transfer

371

(6)

10.1.1 A Design Problem, Measurement of k

373

(2)

10.1.2 Conductive Heat Loss Across a Window Pane

375

(2)

10.2 The Composite Solid

377

(6)

10.2.1 The Planar Solid

377

(2)

10.2.2 A Convective Boundary Condition

379

(1)

10.2.3 Heat Transfer Across a Composite Cylindrical Solid

380

(2)

10.2.4 The Use of Additional Material to Reduce Heat Loss

382

(1)

10.3 Finned Heat Exchangers

383

(9)

10.3.1 Analysis of a Simple Finned Surface

383

(4)

Example 10.3.1 Finding XXX and the Heat Loss from a Finned Surface

387

(1)

Example 10.3.2 Calculation of Improved Heat Transfer with Fins

388

(3)

Example 10.3.3 Optimum Fin Length for Fixed Weight

391

(1)

10.4 Conduction with Internal Heat Generation

392

(3)

Example 10.4.1 Convective Cooling of an Insulated Wire

394

(1)

Summary

395

(1)

Problems

395

(6)

CHAPTER 11 TRANSIENT HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION

401

(32)

11.1 Unsteady Heat Transfer Across the Boundaries of Solids

401

(14)

11.1.1 The Solid with Uniform Internal Temperature

401

(1)

Example 11.1.1 A Design Problem: Measurement of the Convective Transfer Coefficient

402

(3)

11.1.2 Unsteady Heat Conduction Within Bounded Solids

405

(7)

Example 11.1.2 Cooling of a Long Copper Cylinder

412

(1)

Example 11.1.3 Time to Cool a Solid Sphere, at any Biot Number

413

(1)

Example 11.1.4 Dependence of Cooling Rate on Sphere Radius

414

(1)

Example 11.1.5 Temperature Across the Radius of a Sphere

415

(1)

11.2 The Heat Conduction Equation

415

(4)

Example 11.2.1 Cooling of a Long Plastic Cylinder

417

(2)

11.3 Heat Transfer at the Surface of a Semi-Infinite Medium

419

(5)

Example 11.3.1 Surface Temperature of a Cooling Sheet

421

(3)

11.4 Modeling and Dimensional Analysis; Geometrical Similarity

424

(3)

Example 11.4.1 Experimental Design and Analysis of Data

425

(2)

Summary

427

(1)

Problems

428

(5)

CHAPTER 12 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER

433

(73)

12.1 Some Preliminary Concepts Regarding Convective Heat Transfer

433

(6)

Example 12.1.1 Cooling and Solidification of Carbon Fibers

433

(1)

Example 12.1.2 Temperature Control of an Evaporator

434

(1)

Example 12.1.3 Temperature Control in a Blood Oxygenator

434

(1)

12.1.1 Film Theory

435

(4)

12.2 An Exact Laminar Boundary Layer Theory: Heat Transfer from a Flat Plate

439

(4)

12.3 Correlations of Heat Transfer Data

443

(6)

12.3.1 Turbulent Flow Inside Pipes

443

(1)

12.3.2 Flow Outside and Across Pipes and Cylinders

444

(1)

12.3.3 Flow Past Single Spheres

445

(1)

12.3.4 The Temperature Dependence of Physical Properties Used in the Correlations

445

(1)

12.3.5 A Simple Model of the Effect of a Temperature-Dependent Viscosity

446

(3)

12.4 Heat Transfer Analysis in Pipe Flow

449

(8)

12.4.1 The Basic Heat Balance

449

(3)

Example 12.4.1 Flow Through a Chilled Tube

452

(2)

Example 12.4.2 A Tubular Heater for Air

454

(1)

12.4.2 Constant Heat Flux at the Pipe Surface

455

(1)

Example 12.4.3 A Tubular Heater for Air: Constant Heat Input

456

(1)

12.5 Models of Convection in Laminar Flows

457

(12)

12.5.1 A Parallel Plate Heat Exchanger with Isothermal Surfaces

458

(3)

12.5.2 The Thermal Entry Region of a Parallel Plate Heat Exchanger with Isothermal Surfaces

461

(3)

12.5.3 The Tubular Heat Exchanger

464

(1)

12.5.4 Heat Transfer to a Tube with Constant Surface Flux

465

(1)

Example 12.5.1 Design of a Solar Heater: Constant h

466

(1)

Example 12.5.2 Design of a Parallel Tube Heat Exchanger

467

(2)

12.6 Design and Analysis of a Laminar Flow Heat Exchanger for a Blood Substitute

469

(3)

Example 12.6.1 Required Length for a Compact Laminar Flow Heat Exchanger

469

(2)

Example 12.6.2 Temperature Requirement for the External Heat Transfer Fluid

471

(1)

12.7 Design of a Continuous Sterilizer for a Bioprocess Waste Stream

472

(7)

Example 12.7.1 Estimating Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Pilot Scale Sterilization System

474

(3)

Example 12.7.2 A More Exact Analysis of the Performance of a Pilot Scale Sterilization System

477

(2)

12.8 Convective Heat Transfer from a Cylindrical Fiber in Steady Axial Motion

479

(8)

Example 12.8.1 Temperature Uniformity across the Radius of a Fiber

483

(2)

Example 12.8.2 Evaluation of the Total Cooling of a Fiber

485

(2)

12.9 Optimal Geometry for Convective Cooling

487

(9)

12.9.1 Optimal Design for Multiple Parallel Isothermal Surfaces

487

(4)

Example 12.9.1 Conditions for Optimum Performance

491

(1)

Example 12.9.2 Design of an Optimal Cooling System

492

(1)

12.9.2 Optimal Design and Operation for a Single Heat-Generating Surface

492

(2)

Example 12.9.3 Sensitivity of Performance to Deviations from Optimal Design

494

(2)

Summary

496

(1)

Problems

496

(10)

CHAPTER 13 SIMPLE HEAT EXCHANGERS

506

(44)

13.1 Introduction

506

(1)

13.2 Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Analysis

506

(11)

Example 13.2.1 Maximum Cooling Capacity of an Exchanger of Fixed Area

508

(2)

Example 13.2.2 Find the Required Length of a Heat Exchanger with Specified Flows: Turbulent Flow in Both Streams

510

(4)

Example 13.2.3 Find the Required Length of a Heat Exchanger with Specified Flows: Laminar Flow on One Side

514

(3)

13.3 Other Heat Exchanger Configurations

517

(5)

Example 13.3.1 The 1 Shell Pass/2 Tube Pass Exchanger

517

(5)

13.4 Effectiveness Concept for Heat Exchangers

522

(11)

Example 13.4.1 Performance of a "Cross-Flow" Heat Exchanger (One Temperature, One Flow Unknown)

525

(1)

Example 13.4.2 Comparison of F(R, P) and NTU(XXX) (Both Flowrates Specified; Two Unknown Temperatures)

526

(2)

Example 13.4.3 Performance of a Heat Exchanger

528

(1)

Example 13.4.4 Heat Exchanger with Condensation

529

(1)

Example 13.4.5 Series/Parallel Exchangers

530

(2)

Example 13.4.6 Exchanger with a Bleed-Off Stream

532

(1)

13.5 Optimum Outlet Temperature

533

(4)

Example 13.5.1 Calculation of the Optimum Outlet Water Temperature

536

(1)

13.6 Analysis and Design of a System for Heating a Gelatin Solution

537

(6)

13.6.1 Transient Analysis of the Batch System

537

(2)

Example 13.6.1 Performance of a Plate Heat Exchanger

539

(1)

13.6.2 Determination of Individual Side Coefficients

540

(2)

Example 13.6.2 Design of a Heating System for Gelatin

542

(1)

Summary

543

(1)

Problems

544

(6)

CHAPTER 14 NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER

550

(34)

14.1 Introduction

550

(3)

14.2 Buoyancy-Induced Flow: Natural Convection in a Confined Region

553

(3)

Example 14.2.1 Analysis of Natural Convection Between Infinite Parallel Plates

553

(2)

Example 14.2.2 Buoyancy-Driven Convective Velocities in Water and Air

555

(1)

14.3 Buoyancy-Induced Flow: Natural Convection in an Unconfined Region

556

(6)

14.4 Correlations of Data for Free Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients

562

(5)

Example 14.4.1 Heat Loss from a Horizontal Pipe

564

(2)

Example 14.4.2 Heat Transfer Across a Horizontal Bounded Air Film

566

(1)

Example 14.4.3 Temperature of a Surface

567

(1)

14.5 Natural Convection in an Enclosed Space

567

(2)

Example 14.5.1 Natural Convection Heat Transfer across an Enclosed Air Space

569

(1)

14.6 Combined Natural and Forced Convection

569

(3)

Example 14.6.1 Effect of Natural Convection on Laminar Flow Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Tube

570

(2)

14.7 An Integral Boundary Layer Analysis of Convection from a Vertical Heated Plane

572

(3)

14.8 Optimum Spacing for Heat Dissipation

575

(4)

Example 14.8.1 Design and Performance of a Convective Heater

578

(1)

Summary

579

(1)

Problems

580

(4)

CHAPTER 15 HEAT TRANSFER BY RADIATION

584

(31)

15.1 Introduction

584

(1)

15.2 Emission and Exchange of Radiation

585

(15)

Example 15.2.1 Heat Losses from a Plate

586

(1)

15.2.1 Radiation Exchange Between Black Bodies

587

(3)

Example 15.2.2 View Factors for Black Body Radiation between a Hemisphere and a Plane

590

(2)

15.2.2 Radiation Exchange Between Black Bodies in an Adiabatic Enclosure

592

(1)

Example 15.2.3 Design of a Solar Heater (Black Bodies: No Convection)

593

(1)

15.2.3 Radiation Exchange Between Gray Bodies

594

(1)

Example 15.2.4 Analysis of the Net Radiation Flux Between Parallel Gray Surfaces

595

(2)

Example 15.2.5 Radiation Effect on Temperature Measurement

597

(1)

Example 15.2.6 Effectiveness of a Radiation Shield

598

(1)

15.2.4 Radiation Flux Plots

599

(1)

15.3 Radiation and Convection

600

(7)

Example 15.3.1 Design of a Solar Heater (Accounting for Convection)

600

(4)

Example 15.3.2 Design of a Solar Heater for Domestic Hot Water

604

(3)

15.4 Radiation and Conduction

607

(3)

Example 15.4.1 Radiative Heat Rise in a Solid Panel

609

(1)

Summary

610

(1)

Problems

610

(5)

CHAPTER 16 SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

615

(23)

16.1 Introduction

615

(1)

16.2 Evaporative Cooling of a Liquid Droplet

615

(3)

Example 16.2.1 Temperature of an Evaporating Droplet of Water

617

(1)

16.3 Evaporative Blowing Effect on Heat Transfer

618

(10)

Example 16.3.1 Evaporation of a Droplet Falling through Air

622

(3)

Example 16.3.2 Evaporation of Alkane Fuel Droplets

625

(3)

16.4 Analysis of a Liquid Source Delivery System

628

(5)

Example 16.4.1 Performance of a Vapor Delivery System

631

(2)

16.5 Evaporative Cooling of a Falling Liquid Film

633

(2)

Example 16.5.1 Prediction of Experimental Cooling Data

633

(2)

Summary

635

(1)

Problems

635

(3)

APPENDIX A SOLUTIONS TO THE DIFFUSION EQUATION

638

(8)

A1 Planar Diffusion in One Dimension

638

(4)

A2 Radial Diffusion in a Long Cylinder

642

(2)

A3 Radial Diffusion in a Sphere

644

(2)

APPENDIX B SOME USEFUL FUNCTIONS

646

(6)

B1 Bessel Functions

646

(3)

B2 The Error Function

649

(2)

B3 The Gamma Function

651

(1)

References

651

(1)

APPENDIX C PHYSICAL PROPERTY VALUES

652

(13)

C1 Vapor Pressure of Pure Compounds

652

(1)

C2 Vapor/Liquid Equilibrium and Solubility (Henry's Law)

653

(2)

C3 Mass Density

655

(1)

C3.1 Gases

655

(1)

C3.2 Liquids

655

(1)

C3.3 Solids

655

(1)

Example Calculate the Mass Density of Solid Benzoic Acid, C(7)H(6)O(2)

656

(1)

C4 Molar Heat of Vaporization of Liquids

656

(1)

C5 Molar Heat Capacities

657

(1)

C5.1 Gases

657

(1)

C5.2 Liquids

657

(1)

C5.3 Solids

657

(1)

C6 Viscosity of Gases and Liquids

657

(3)

C6.1 Gases

657

(1)

C6.2 Liquids

658

(2)

C7 Thermal Conductivities of Gases and Liquids

660

(2)

C7.1 Monatomic Gases

660

(1)

C7.2 Polyatomic Gases

660

(1)

C7.3 Liquids

660

(1)

C7.4 Solids

661

(1)

C8 Diffusion Coefficients in Gases and Liquids

662

(1)

C9 Interfacial Tension

662

(1)

C10 Properties of Water and Air

663

(1)

References

664

(1)

APPENDIX D UNIT CONVERSIONS

665

(4)

INDEX

669

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An Introduction to Mass and Heat Transfer Principles of Analysis and Design

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials