Introduction To Outdoor Recreation: Providing And Managing Natural Resource Based Opportunities

, by Moore, Roger L.; Driver, B. L.

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ISBN: 9781892132505 | 1892132508
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/30/2005

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List of Tables and Figures

Acknowledgments

xiii

Preface

Part I Foundations and Background

Key Concepts

(18)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Natural Resource Dimensions of Outdoor Recreation

(1)

Human Dimensions of Outdoor Recreation

(6)

Outdoor Recreation and Related Concepts

(7)

Summary

(1)

Literature Cited

(3)

Benefits of Leisure and Its Roles in Society

(20)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Review of Definitions of Leisure and Recreation

(1)

What Is a Leisure Profession or a Recreation Profession?

(1)

Benefits of Leisure

(1)

Evolution of Scientific Knowledge About Benefits of Leisure

(1)

Nature, Scope, and Magnitude of the Benefits of Leisure

(1)

Benefits of Leisure in General

(7)

Benefits of Outdoor Recreation

(4)

The Role of Leisure in Society

(1)

Summary

(1)

Literature Cited

(3)

Historical Context

(14)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Outdoor Recreation History as Our Context

(1)

Periods of Outdoor Recreation History

(7)

Significant Events in the History of Outdoor Recreation

(2)

Historical Perspectives on Outdoor Recreation Participation

(2)

Summary

(1)

Literature Cited

(2)

Social and Technological Forces Affecting Outdoor Recreation

(18)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Social and Technological Trends and Forces

(1)

Population Changes

(3)

Technological Innovations

(1)

Shifts in Economic Strengths and Weaknesses

(1)

Increased Accountability of Institutions and Leaders

(1)

Changes in Transportation

(1)

Concern for the Environment and Its Effects on Health

(1)

Greater Emphasis on Partnerships

(1)

Increasing Pressure on Public Recreational Resources

(1)

Changes in Recreation and Leisure in General

(2)

Changes in Outdoor Recreation Participation in Particular

(2)

Summary

(1)

Literature Cited

(5)

Part II Outdoor Recreation Resources and Providers of Outdoor Recreation Opportunities

Land and Water Resources for Outdoor Recreation

(10)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Types of Outdoor Recreation Resources

(3)

Scope of Outdoor Recreation Resources

(4)

Summary

(1)

Literature Cited

(2)

Public Sector Providers

(26)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Public Sector Providers of Outdoor Recreation Opportunities

(1)

Federal Recreation Providing Agencies

(2)

Federal Land Management Agencies

(12)

Federal Water Project Agencies

(3)

Other Federal Agencies Involved in Outdoor Recreation

101

(1)

State Outdoor Recreation Providing Agencies

101

(2)

Regional and County Outdoor Recreation Providing Agencies

103

(1)

Municipal Outdoor Recreation Providing Agencies

104

(1)

Summary

105

(1)

Literature Cited

106

(1)

Endnote

107

(2)

Private Sector Providers

109

(8)

Learning Objectives

109

(1)

Providing Private Land and Facilities for Public Outdoor Recreation

109

(2)

Providing Outdoor Recreation Equipment and Supplies

111

(1)

Providing Guiding, Outfitting, and Information

112

(2)

Providing Support Services

114

(1)

Operating Commercial Ventures on Public Lands

115

(1)

Providing Donations and Other Support

115

(1)

Summary

116

(1)

Literature Cited

116

(1)

Nonprofit Sector Providers

117

(6)

Learning Objectives

117

(1)

Overview of the Nonprofit Sector

117

(1)

Scope and Types of Nonprofit Organizations Involved in Outdoor Recreation

117

(4)

Summary

121

(1)

Literature Cited

122

(1)

Endnote

122

(1)

Partnerships Among Outdoor Recreation Providers

123

(10)

Learning Objectives

123

(1)

What Are Partnerships?

123

(3)

Why Form Partnerships?

126

(1)

Team Up With Whom?

126

(1)

How to Create and Nurture Partnerships

127

(2)

Creating and Nurturing Nonprofit Groups for Partnerships

129

(1)

Summary

130

(1)

Literature Cited

130

(3)

Outdoor Recreation Opportunities From Selected Countries Around the World

133

(12)

Learning Objectives

133

(1)

Canada

134

(1)

Latin America

134

(1)

The British Isles and Western Europe

135

(1)

Scandinavian Countries

136

(2)

Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan

138

(1)

Africa

139

(1)

New Zealand and Australia

139

(2)

Summary

141

(1)

Literature Cited

141

(1)

Endnote

141

(4)

Part III Managing Outdoor Recreation Opportunities

Policy Development, Management, Administration, and Planning

145

(10)

Learning Objectives

145

(1)

Definitions of the Four Decision Processes

146

(1)

Descriptions of the Four Decision Processes

147

(6)

Summary

153

(1)

Literature Cited

154

(1)

Evolution of Science-Based Management of Outdoor Recreation Resources

155

(30)

Learning Objectives

155

(1)

Different Periods of Management and the Approaches Used Therein

156

(3)

Significant Legislation

159

(2)

How Advancements in Knowledge Have Facilitated Better Management Practice

161

(3)

Science-Based Approaches for Overtly Managing for Outdoor Recreation

164

(18)

Summary

182

(1)

Literature Cited

182

(2)

Endnote

184

(1)

The Beneficial Outcomes Approach to Leisure

185

(24)

Learning Objectives

185

(1)

Changing Public Values and Recreation Agency Responses to Them

186

(2)

Evolution of the BOAL

188

(2)

Essential Characteristics of the BOAL

190

(8)

Applying the BOAL Paradigm

198

(6)

Advantages of the BOAL

204

(1)

Summary

205

(1)

Literature Cited

206

(2)

Endnotes

208

(1)

Negative Impacts of Recreation Use

209

(14)

Learning Objectives

209

(1)

Negative Recreation Impacts

209

(1)

Categories of Recreation Impacts

210

(4)

General Characteristics of Negative Recreation Impacts

214

(1)

What Factors Influence Levels of Recreation Impacts?

214

(2)

Systems for Managing Negative Recreation Impacts

216

(5)

Summary

221

(1)

Literature Cited

221

(2)

Gathering Data for Managing Outdoor Recreation

223

(10)

Learning Objectives

223

(1)

Estimating Recreation Use

224

(3)

Forecasting Future Recreation Use

227

(1)

Gathering User Information

228

(2)

Techniques for Measuring Impacts to Recreation Resources

230

(1)

Summary

231

(1)

Literature Cited

232

(1)

Influencing and Managing Visitor Behavior

233

(16)

Learning Objectives

233

(1)

Understanding Why Visitors Behave the Way They Do

234

(2)

Strategies for Managing Outdoor Recreation Settings and Influencing Visitor Behavior

236

(10)

Summary

246

(1)

Literature Cited

247

(2)

Collaborative Planning and Management

249

(8)

Learning Objectives

249

(1)

Brief History of Collaborative Planning and Management

250

(2)

Reasons Why Collaborative Planning and Management Was Needed

252

(1)

Characteristics of Collaborative Planning and Management

253

(1)

Essential Ingredients of Collaborative Planning and Management

253

(1)

Hard-to-Remove Barriers of Collaborative Planning and Management

254

(1)

Summary

255

(1)

Literature Cited

255

(2)

Management of Special Outdoor Recreation Resources: Wilderness and Trails

257

(16)

Learning Objectives

257

(1)

Wilderness Areas

258

(6)

Trails and Greenways

264

(6)

Summary

270

(1)

Literature Cited

271

(2)

Economics of Outdoor Recreation

273

(28)

Learning Objectives

273

(1)

General Characteristics of Economics

273

(2)

Economic Concepts of Value and Benefit

275

(5)

Public, Merit, and Nonmarketed Goods and Services

280

(2)

Measuring Economic Values

282

(11)

Recreation Entrance and Use Fees

293

(5)

Summary

298

(1)

Literature Cited

298

(2)

Endnotes

300

(1)

The Future of Outdoor Recreation

301

(14)

Learning Objectives

301

(1)

Visions of Our Future

301

(1)

Emerging Issues

302

(6)

Outdoor Recreation Professionalism

308

(2)

Conclusions

310

(2)

Literature Cited

312

(3)

Appendix A Domains, Scales, and Scale Items for the Recreation Experience Preference (REP) Scales

315

(6)

What Do the Scales Measure?

315

(1)

Description of How the REP Scales Are Presented

315

(6)

Appendix B Providers of Outdoor Recreation Opportunities

321

(6)

Public Sector

321

(2)

Private Sector

323

(1)

Nonprofit Sector Organizations

323

(1)

Selected International Providers and Information Sources

324

(3)

Glossary

327

(8)

Literature Cited

333

(1)

Commonly Used Acronyms in Outdoor Recreation

334

(1)

Index

335

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Introduction To Outdoor Recreation: Providing And Managing Natural Resource Based Opportunities

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