Investigating Chemistry : A Forensic Science Perspective

In its new second edition,InvestigatingChemistry: A Forensic Science Perspectiveremains the only book that uses the inherently fascinating topics of crime and criminal investigations as a context for teaching the fundamental chemical concepts most often covered in an introductory nonmajors course. Covering all the standard topics, Matthew Johll capitalizes on the surge of interest in the scientific investigation of crime (as sparked byCSIand other television shows), bringing together the theme of forensic science and the fundamentals of chemistry in ways that are effective and accessible for students.This edition features refined explanations of the chemical concepts, which are the core of the book, as well as a more thoroughly integrated forensic theme, updated features, and an expanded media/supplements package.

Chapter 1 Introduction to Forensic ChemistryCase Study: Whose Side Are They On?1.1 Welcome1.2 Chemistry, Crime, and the Global Society1.3 Physical Evidence: Matter and Its Forms1.4 The Periodic TableEvidence Analysis: Thin-Layer Chromatography1.5 Learning the Language of Chemistry1.6 The Most Important Skill of a Forensic Scientist: Observation1.7 Case Study Finale: Whose Side Are They On? Chapter 2 Evidence Collection and Preservation Case Study: Grave Evidence 2.1 Preserving Evidence: Reactions, Properties, and Changes 2.2 Physical Evidence Collection: Mass, Weight, and Units 2.3 Mathematics of Unit Conversions 2.4 Errors and Estimates in Laboratory Measurements: Significant Figures 2.5 Mathematics of Significant Figure Calculations 2.6 Experimental Results: Accuracy and Precision 2.7 How to Analyze Evidence: Density Measurements 2.8 Mathematics of Density Measurements 2.9 How to Analyze Glass and Soil: Using Physical Properties 2.10 Case Study Finale: Grave Evidence Chapter 3 Atomic CluesCase Study: To Burn or Not to Burn3.1 Origins of the Atomic Theory: Ancient Greek Philosophers3.2 Foundations of a Modern Atomic Theory3.3 Dalton’s Atomic Theory3.4 Atomic Structure: Subatomic Particles3.5 Nature’s Detectives: Isotopes3.6 Atomic Mass: Isotopic Abundance and the Periodic Table3.7 Mathematics of Isotopic Abundance and Atomic Mass3.8 Atomic Structure: Electrons and Emission Spectra3.9 Mathematics of Light3.10 Atomic Structure: Electron Orbitals3.11 Electron ConfigurationsEvidence Analysis: Scanning Electron Microscopy3.12 Case Study Finale: To Burn or Not to Burn Chapter 4 Chemical EvidenceCase Study: Mind Games4.1 Chemical Nature of Evidence: Regions of the Periodic Table4.2 Types of Compounds: Covalent Compounds4.3 Types of Compounds: Ionic Compounds4.4 Common Names and Diatomic Elements4.5 Basics of Chemical Reactions4.6 Balancing Chemical Reactions4.7 Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Mole Calculations4.8 Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Stoichiometry Calculations4.9 Types of Reactions4.10 Mathematics of Chemical Reactions: Limiting Reagents and Theoretical YieldsEvidence Analysis: Spectrophotometry4.11 Case Study Finale: Mind Games Chapter 5 Chemistry of Bonding: Structure and Function of Drug MoleculesCase Study: No Motive, No Opportunity5.1 Nature of Covalent Bonds5.2 Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds5.3 Lewis Structures of Covalent Compounds5.4 Resonance Structures5.5 VSEPR Theory5.6 Polarity of Bonds and Molecules5.7 Molecular Geometry of Drugs5.8 Drug Receptors and Brain ChemistryEvidence Analysis: Immunoassay Methods5.9 Case Study Finale: No Motive, No Opportunity Chapter 6 Properties of Solutions I: Aqueous SolutionsCase Study: An Aqueous Apocalypse6.1 Aqueous Solutions6.2 Solution Properties6.3 Net Ionic Reactions6.4 Solubility6.5 Mathematics of Solutions: Concentration Calculations6.6 Acid Chemistry6.7 Base Chemistry6.8 Neutralization Reactions6.9 The pH Scale and Buffers6.10 Mathematics of Solutions: Calculating pH6.11 Case Study Finale: An Aqueous Apocalypse Chapter 7 Properties of Solutions II: Intermolecular Forces and Colligative PropertiesCase Study: Something for the Pain7.1 Intermolecular Forces and Surface Tension7.2 Types of Intermolecular Forces7.3 Mixed Intermolecular Forces7.4 The Process of Dissolution 7.5 Rate of Dissolving Soluble Compounds7.6 Colligative Properties: Boiling Point of Solutions7.7 Mathematics of Boiling Point Elevation7.8 Colligative Properties: Freezing Point of Solutions7.9 Mathematics of Freezing Point Depression7.10 Colligative Properties: OsmosisEvidence Analysis: HPLC7.11 Mathematics of Osmotic Pressure7.12 Case Study Finale: Something for the Pain Chapter 8 Drug ChemistryCase Study: The Experts Agreed8.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry8.2 Alkanes8.3 Alkenes and Alkynes8.4 Branched Isomers8.5 Cyclic Compounds8.6 Ethers, Ketones, and Esters8.7 Amines8.8 Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Carboxylic Acids8.9 How to Extract Organic Compounds: Solubility and Acid–Base PropertiesEvidence Analysis: Infrared Spectroscopy8.10 Case Study Finale: The Experts Agreed Chapter 9 Arson InvestigationCase Study: "False and Unreliable"9.1 The Chemistry of Fire9.2 Combustion Reactions9.3 Redox Reactions9.4 Thermochemistry of Fire9.5 Heat Capacity and Phase Changes9.6 Mathematics of Heat Capacity9.7 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Calorimetry9.8 Mathematics of Calorimetry9.9 Petroleum RefinementEvidence Analysis: Gas Chromatography9.10 Case Study Finale: "False and Unreliable" Chapter 10 Chemistry of ExplosionsCase Study: Tracing Explosives10.1 Explosives 10110.2 Redox Chemistry of Explosives10.3 Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases10.4 Gas Laws10.5 Mathematics of the Gas Laws10.6 The Combined and Ideal Gas Laws10.7 Mathematics of the Combined and Ideal Gas Laws10.8 Mathematics of Advanced Ideal Gas Law Problems10.9 Detection of Explosives: Dalton’s Law of Partial PressuresEvidence Analysis: Mass Spectroscopy10.10 Case Study Finale: Tracing Explosives Chapter 11 Estimating the Time of DeathCase Study: Cold-Blooded Evidence11.1 Introduction to Chemical Kinetics11.2 Collision Theory11.3 Kinetics and Temperature11.4 Kinetics and Catalysts11.5 Zero-Order Reactions11.6 First-Order Reactions11.7 Half-Life11.8 Case Study Finale: Cold-Blooded Evidence Chapter 12 The Nuclear Age: Energy, Medicine, Weapons, and TerrorismCase Study: Elimination by Irradiation12.1 The Discovery of Natural Radioactivity12.2 Radiation Types and Hazards12.3 Balancing Nuclear Equations12.4 Half-Lives and Risk Assessment12.5 Medical Applications of Nuclear Isotopes12.6 Forensic Application of Carbon-1412.7 Nuclear Power Plants12.8 Military Uses of Nuclear Isotopes12.9 Nuclear TransmutationsEvidence Analysis: Neutron Activation Analysis12.10 Nuclear Terrorism12.11 Case Study Finale: Elimination by Irradiation Chapter 13 PoisonsCase Study: A Mother-in-Law’s Justice13.1 Introduction to Poisons13.2 Chemical Equilibrium and Poisons13.3 Dynamic Equilibrium13.4 Values of the Equilibrium Constant13.5 Le Chatelier’s Principle13.6 Solubility Equilibrium13.7 Case Study Finale: A Mother-in-Law’s Justice Chapter 14 Identification of Victims: DNA AnalysisCase Study: Remembering 9-1114.1 Lipids: Fats, Waxes, and Oils14.2 Carbohydrates14.3 Proteins14.4 DNA Basics14.5 DNA Analysis14.6 Mitochondrial DNA14.7 Case Study Finale: Remembering 9-11 Appendix AAppendix BAnswers to Odd-Numbered Questions and ProblemsIndex