Java I/o

The new edition of this steady-selling title provides Java developers with a complete introduction to I/O and the major API improvements introduced in the new 5.0 version of Java. Beginning with an overview of Java's stream capabilities, "Java I/O" shows readers how to open, read, and write local files in Java applications. Experienced Java author Elliotte Harold also covers network programming using URL and network streams, including sockets. In the sections on filters, readers will learn how classes can filter out characters within streams. More advanced material covers the Java encryption mechanism, including hashing, the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm, and ciphers. Readers get a complete explanation of object serialization, which allows Java objects to save and restore their state, as well as details on Java's support for data compression (and ZIP files) and multilingual Unicode character sets. Finally, "Java I/O" shows programmers how to format output in Java using its support for width and numeric precision APIs. This book is a must for any serious Java developer.

Elliotte Rusty Harold is originally from New Orleans to which he returns periodically in search of a decent bowl of gumbo. However, he currently resides in the University Town Center neighborhood of Irvine with his wife Beth, dog Shayna, and cats Charm (named after the quark) and Marjorie (named after his mother-in-law). He's an adjunct professor of computer science at Polytechnic University where he teaches Java, XML, and object oriented programming. He's a frequent speaker at industry conferences including Software Development, Dr. Dobb's Architecure & Design World, SD Best Practices, Extreme Markup Languages, and too many user groups to count. His open source projects include the XOM Library for processing XML with Java and the Amateur media player.

Preface

xiii

Part I. Basic I/O

Introducing I/O

3

(21)

What Is a Stream?

4

(3)

Numeric Data

7

(3)

Character Data

10

(3)

Readers and Writers

13

(2)

Buffers and Channels

15

(1)

The Ubiquitous IOException

16

(1)

The Console: System.out, System.in, and System.err

17

(5)

Security Checks on I/O

22

(2)

Output Streams

24

(11)

Writing Bytes to Output Streams

25

(1)

Writing Arrays of Bytes

26

(1)

Closing Output Streams

27

(2)

Flushing Output Streams

29

(1)

Subclassing OutputStream

30

(2)

A Graphical User Interface for Output Streams

32

(3)

Input Streams

35

(12)

The read() Method

35

(2)

Reading Chunks of Data from a Stream

37

(1)

Counting the Available Bytes

38

(1)

Skipping Bytes

38

(1)

Closing Input Streams

39

(1)

Marking and Resetting

40

(1)

Subclassing InputStream

41

(1)

An Efficient Stream Copier

42

(5)

Part II. Data Sources

File Streams

47

(9)

Reading Files

47

(3)

Writing Files

50

(2)

File Viewer, Part 1

52

(4)

Network Streams

56

(17)

URLs

56

(3)

URL Connections

59

(2)

Sockets

61

(3)

Server Sockets

64

(4)

URL Viewer

68

(5)

Part III. Filter Streams

Filter Streams

73

(21)

The Filter Stream Classes

73

(6)

The Filter Stream Subclasses

79

(1)

Buffered Streams

80

(2)

PushbackInputStream

82

(1)

ProgressMonitorInputStream

83

(3)

Multitarget Output Streams

86

(1)

File Viewer, Part 2

87

(7)

Print Streams

94

(26)

Print Versus Write

95

(3)

Line Breaks

98

(1)

Error Handling

99

(1)

printf( )

99

(2)

Formatter

101

(15)

Formattable

116

(4)

Data Streams

120

(29)

The Data Stream Classes

120

(3)

Integers

123

(5)

Floating-Point Numbers

128

(2)

Booleans

130

(1)

Byte Arrays

131

(1)

Strings and chars

132

(2)

Little-Endian Numbers

134

(6)

Thread Safety

140

(2)

File Viewer, Part 3

142

(7)

Streams in Memory

149

(9)

Sequence Input Streams

149

(1)

Byte Array Streams

150

(3)

Communicating Between Threads Using Piped Streams

153

(5)

Compressing Streams

158

(39)

Inflaters and Deflaters

159

(12)

Compressing and Decompressing Streams

171

(6)

Zip Files

177

(13)

Checksums

190

(4)

File Viewer, Part 4

194

(3)

JAR Archives

197

(23)

Meta-Information: Manifest Files and Signatures

198

(1)

The jar Tool

199

(1)

The java.util.jar Package

199

(2)

JarFile

201

(1)

JarEntry

202

(1)

Attributes

202

(3)

Manifest

205

(2)

JarInputStream

207

(1)

JarOutputStream

207

(1)

JarURLConnection

208

(2)

Pack200

210

(7)

Reading Resources from JAR Files

217

(3)

Cryptographic Streams

220

(40)

Hash Functions

220

(3)

The MessageDigest Class

223

(7)

Digest Streams

230

(4)

Encryption Basics

234

(3)

The Cipher Class

237

(13)

Cipher Streams

250

(5)

File Viewer, Part 5

255

(5)

Object Serialization

260

(39)

Reading and Writing Objects

260

(1)

Object Streams

261

(2)

How Object Serialization Works

263

(1)

Performance

264

(1)

The Serializable Interface

265

(5)

Versioning

270

(3)

Customizing the Serialization Format

273

(12)

Resolving Classes

285

(1)

Resolving Objects

286

(1)

Validation

287

(3)

Sealed Objects

290

(3)

JavaDoc

293

(6)

Part IV. New I/O

Buffers

299

(29)

Copying Files with Buffers

300

(3)

Creating Buffers

303

(2)

Buffer Layout

305

(5)

Bulk Put and Get

310

(1)

Absolute Put and Get

311

(2)

Mark and Reset

313

(1)

Compaction

313

(2)

Duplication

315

(1)

Slicing

316

(2)

Typed Data

318

(4)

Read-Only Buffers

322

(1)

CharBuffers

323

(1)

Memory-Mapped I/O

323

(5)

Channels

328

(26)

The Channel Interfaces

328

(4)

File Channels

332

(6)

Converting Between Streams and Channels

338

(3)

Socket Channels

341

(2)

Server Socket Channels

343

(3)

Datagram Channels

346

(8)

Nonblocking I/O

354

(19)

Nonblocking I/O

355

(4)

Selectable Channels

359

(3)

Selectors

362

(1)

Selection Keys

363

(3)

Pipe Channels

366

(7)

Part V. The File System

Working with Files

373

(35)

Understanding Files

373

(5)

Directories and Paths

378

(4)

The File Class

382

(20)

Filename Filters

402

(1)

File Filters

403

(1)

File Descriptors

404

(1)

Random-Access Files

405

(2)

General Techniques for Cross-Platform File Access Code

407

(1)

File Dialogs and Choosers

408

(37)

File Dialogs

408

(6)

JFileChooser

414

(23)

File Viewer, Part 6

437

(8)

Part VI. Text

Character Sets and Unicode

445

(20)

The Unicode Character Set

446

(1)

UTF-16

447

(1)

UTF-8

448

(2)

Other Encodings

450

(1)

Converting Between Byte Arrays and Strings

451

(14)

Readers and Writers

465

(41)

The java.io.Writer Class

466

(1)

The OutputStreamWriter Class

467

(3)

The java.io.Reader Class

470

(1)

The InputStreamReader Class

471

(3)

Encoding Heuristics

474

(1)

Character Array Readers and Writers

475

(3)

String Readers and Writers

478

(2)

Reading and Writing Files

480

(1)

Buffered Readers and Writers

481

(6)

Print Writers

487

(2)

Piped Readers and Writers

489

(1)

Filtered Readers and Writers

490

(5)

File Viewer Finis

495

(11)

Formatted I/O with java.text

506

(27)

The Old Way

507

(1)

Choosing a Locale

508

(2)

Number Formats

510

(8)

Specifying Width with FieldPosition

518

(4)

Parsing Input

522

(3)

Decimal Formats

525

(8)

Part VII. Devices

The Java Communications API

533

(29)

The Architecture of the Java Communications API

533

(1)

Identifying Ports

534

(7)

Communicating with a Device on a Port

541

(6)

Serial Ports

547

(10)

Parallel Ports

557

(5)

USB

562

(40)

USB Architecture

563

(1)

Finding Devices

564

(2)

Controlling Devices

566

(2)

Describing Devices

568

(20)

Pipes

588

(2)

IRPs

590

(2)

Temperature Sensor Example

592

(6)

Hot Plugging

598

(4)

The J2ME Generic Connection Framework

602

(37)

The Generic Connection Framework

604

(5)

ContentConnection

609

(2)

Files

611

(8)

HTTP

619

(8)

Serial I/O

627

(3)

Sockets

630

(1)

Server Sockets

631

(2)

Datagrams

633

(6)

Bluetooth

639

(44)

The Bluetooth Protocol

639

(5)

The Java Bluetooth API

644

(2)

The Local Device

646

(5)

Discovering Devices

651

(4)

Remote Devices

655

(1)

Service Records

656

(12)

Talking to Devices

668

(15)

Part VIII. Appendix

Appendix

683

(4)

Index

687

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials