Javascript by Example

Ellie Quigley has been teaching scripting languages in Silicon Valley for more than twenty years. Her Perl and Shell Programming classes at the University of Santa Cruz Extension program have become part of Silicon Valley lore. In addition, she teaches at leading companies, including NetApp, National Semiconductor, Juniper Networks, and many others. Her best-selling books include UNIX® Shells by Example, Fourth Edition (Prentice Hall, 2005), and Perl by Example, Fourth Edition (Prentice Hall, 2008).

Preface xv

Chapter 1: Introduction to JavaScript 1

1.1 What JavaScript Is 1

1.2 What JavaScript Is Not 2

1.3 What JavaScript Is Used For 3

1.4 JavaScript and Its Place in a Web Page 4

1.5 What Is Ajax? 5

1.6 What JavaScript Looks Like 7

1.7 JavaScript and Its Role in Web Development 8

1.8 JavaScript and Events 10

1.9 Standardizing JavaScript and the W3C 12

1.10 What Browser? 15

1.11 Where to Put JavaScript 20

1.12 Validating Your Markup 24

1.13 What You Should Know 26

Chapter 2: Script Setup 29

2.1 The HTML Document and JavaScript 29

2.2 Syntactical Details 33

2.3 Generating HTML and Printing Output 37

2.4 About Debugging 40

2.5 Debugging Tools 41

2.6 JavaScript and Old or Disabled Browsers 47

2.7 What You Should Know 50

Chapter 3: The Building Blocks: Data Types, Literals, and Variables 53

3.1 Data Types 53

3.2 Variables 59

3.3 Constants 67

3.4 Bugs to Watch For 69

3.5 What You Should Know 70

Chapter 4: Dialog Boxes 73

4.1 Interacting with the User 73

4.2 What You Should Know 80

Chapter 5: Operators 83

5.1 About JavaScript Operators and Expressions 83

5.2 Types of Operators 88

5.3 Number, String, or Boolean? Data Type Conversion 112

5.4 Special Operators 119

5.5 What You Should Know 120

Chapter 6: Under Certain Conditions 123

6.1 Control Structures, Blocks, and Compound Statements 123

6.2 Conditionals 123

6.3 Loops 131

6.4 What You Should Know 140

Chapter 7: Functions 143

7.1 What Is a Function? 143

7.2 Debugging Techniques 166

7.3 What You Should Know 172

Chapter 8: Objects 175

8.1 What Are Objects? 175

8.2 Classes and User-Defined Functions 182

8.3 Object Literals 187

8.4 Manipulating Objects 191

8.5 Extending Objects with Prototypes 196

8.6 What You Should Know 210

Chapter 9: JavaScript Core Objects 213

9.1 What Are Core Objects? 213

9.2 Array Objects 213

9.3 Array Methods 227

9.4 The Date Object 234

9.5 The Math Object 241

9.6 What You Should Know 267

Chapter 10: It’s the BOM! Browser Objects 271

10.1 JavaScript and the Browser Object Model 271

10.2 What You Should Know 325

Chapter 11: Working with Forms and Input Devices 327

11.1 The Document Object Model and the Legacy DOM 0 327

11.2 The JavaScript Hierarchy 328

11.3 About HTML Forms 334

11.4 JavaScript and the form Object 341

11.5 Programming Input Devices (Controls) 372

11.6 What You Should Know 409

Chapter 12: Working with Images (and Links) 413

12.1 Introduction to Images 413

12.2 Reviewing Links 417

12.3 Working with Imagemaps 422

12.4 Resizing an Image to Fit the Window 438

12.5 Introduction to Slideshows 441

12.6 Animation and Timers 449

12.7 What You Should Know 452

Chapter 13: Handling Events 455

13.1 Introduction to Event Handlers 455

13.2 The Inline Model for Handling Events 455

13.3 Handling a Window or Frame Event 465

13.4 Handling Mouse Events 474

13.5 Handling Link Events 481

13.6 Handling a Form Event 482

13.7 The event Object 499

13.8 The Scripting Model for Handling Events 517

13.9 What You Should Know 523

Chapter 14: Introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) with JavaScript 527

14.1 What Is CSS? 527

14.2 What Is a Style Sheet? 527

14.3 CSS Program Structure 530

14.4 Common Style Sheet Properties 532

14.5 Types of Style Sheets 550

14.6 The External Type with a Link 555

14.7 Creating a Style Class 558

14.8 The ID Selector and the ID Attribute 564

14.9 Overriding or Adding a Style with the <span> Tag 566

14.10 Positioning Elements and Layers 572

14.11 Where Does JavaScript Fit In? 585

14.12 What You Should Know 609

Chapter 15: The W3C DOM and JavaScript 611

15.1 The W3C DOM 611

15.2 How the DOM Works with Nodes 612

15.3 Nodes 613

15.4 Walking with the DOM 618

15.5 DOM Inspectors 621

15.6 Methods to Shorten the DOM Walk 622

15.7 Modifying the DOM (Appending, Copying, and Removing Nodes) 629

15.8 Event Handling and the DOM 661

15.9 Event Listeners with the W3C Model 668

15.10 Unobtrusive JavaScript 682

15.11 What You Should Know 690

Chapter 16: Cookies 695

16.1 What Are Cookies? 695

16.2 Creating a Cookie with JavaScript 701

16.3 What You Should Know 714

Chapter 17: Regular Expressions and Pattern Matching 717

17.1 What Is a Regular Expression? 717

17.2 Creating a Regular Expression 719

17.3 String Methods Using Regular Expressions 727

17.4 Getting Control–The Metacharacters 733

17.5 Form Validation with Regular Expressions 765

17.6 What You Should Know 795

Chapter 18: An Introduction to Ajax (with JSON) 797

18.1 Why Ajax? 797

18.2 Why Is Ajax Covered Last? 798

18.3 The Steps for Creating Ajax Communication 799

18.4 Putting It All Together 812

18.5 Ajax and JSON 834

18.6 Debugging Ajax with Firebug 848

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