Jewish Chaplaincy in the British Armed Forces Captains of the Souls of Men 1892-2021

The first British Jewish chaplain, Reverend Francis Cohen, was appointed in 1892 and ministered in Britain. It was the creation of Reverend Michael Adler, DSO, for commissioned Jewish chaplains to serve alongside soldiers in the field in wartime. At the age of 46, from 1915, Adler spent over three years on the Western Front. Twenty Jewish chaplains served with the British Army in the First World War, and fifty-six Army and RAF chaplains, including twelve locally recruited in mandate Palestine, in the Second. They served in many of the vast theatres of both wars, travelling huge distances in search of widely dispersed Jewish soldiers. Jewish chaplaincy consolidated the integration of a minority faith into the British armed forces. This ground-breaking contribution to British, Jewish, religious and military history is based upon years of research in Victorian archives, military records and family papers. Here, Lewis reveals the colourful and untold story of the British Jewish ministry at war, as well as of its military service in peacetime. It is the story too of the many Jewish soldiers who, rarely if ever seeing a chaplain, brought each other such religious solace as they might.

Jonathan Lewis studied Law at Cambridge and practised as a Solicitor in the City of London and as a Judge. In retirement he researched British Jewish Chaplaincy on which he was awarded a doctorate by UCL. Married for more than fifty years, he and Rosemary have two sons and two granddaughters.

In Appreciation vii Foreword by the Senior Jewish Chaplain to Her Majesty’ s Armed Forces x 1. An Introduction 1 2. The Nature of Jewish Chaplaincy 6 3. The Genesis of British Jewish Chaplaincy: 1892– 1914 14 4. The First World War: Britain and Europe 39 5. The First World War: Australian Chaplaincy and Institutional Control of Chaplaincy 100 6. The First World War: Individual Chaplains 127 7. The First World War: the Middle East 179 8. The Interwar Period 205 9. The Second World War: Britain 218 10. The Second World War: the Middle East, North Africa and Italy 256 11. The Second World War: Asia 304 12. The Second World War: Europe 332 13. National Service and Voluntary Service 366 14. In Conclusion 388 Bibliography 390 Acknowledgements 407 Abbreviations 409 Index 412