Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and

Saudi Arabia, homeland of Osama bin Laden and many 9/11 hijackers, is widely considered to be the heartland of radical Islamism. For decades, the conservative and oil-rich kingdom contributed recruits, ideologues and money to jihadi groups worldwide. Yet Islamism within Saudi Arabia itself remains poorly understood. Why has Saudi Arabia produced so many militants? Has the Saudi government supported violent groups? How strong is al-Qaida's foothold in the kingdom and does it threaten the regime? Why did Bin Laden not launch a campaign there until 2003? This book presents the first ever history of Saudi jihadism based on extensive fieldwork in the kingdom and primary sources in Arabic. It offers a powerful explanation for the rise of Islamist militancy in Saudi Arabia and sheds crucial new light on the history of the global jihadist movement.

Thomas Hegghammer is a Senior Fellow at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI).

List of figures and tables	p. vii
Acknowledgements	p. viii
A note on conventions	p. x
Introduction	p. 1
The politics of pan-Islamism	p. 16
The rise of pan-Islamism	p. 17
The Afghan jihad and the Saudi state	p. 24
Pan-Islamist bidding games	p. 30
The classical jihadists	p. 38
Afghanistan, cradle of the jihadist movement	p. 38
Jihad in Bosnia, the anticlimax	p. 48
Tajikistan, Chechnya and the minor jihad fronts	p. 52
Recruitment to the early jihad fronts	p. 59
Hijazi domination	p. 59
For the umma and the afterlife	p. 60
Recruitment in the open	p. 65
Opportunities for global jihad	p. 70
From the Burayda intifada to the 1995 Riyadh bombing	p. 70
Between police oppression and complacency	p. 74
New pan-Islamist causes	p. 78
The rise of the al-Shu'aybi school	p. 83
Al-Qaida and Saudi Arabia	p. 99
The global jihadists	p. 99
The global jihadist doctrine and Saudi Arabia	p. 102
Al-Qaida central	p. 108
Al-Qaida in Saudi Arabia	p. 112
Recruitment to al-Qaida	p. 130
Unemployment and 'Najdification'	p. 130
Classical jihad exploited	p. 133
Gatekeepers	p. 138
Post-9/11 Saudi Arabia	p. 143
New symbols of Muslim suffering	p. 143
Al-Qaida's scholars	p. 147
From soft to hard policing	p. 155
The mujahidin on the Arabian Peninsula	p. 161
Returning from Afghanistan	p. 161
Al-Nashiri and al-Qaida's failed 2002 offensives	p. 166
The al-Uyayri network	p. 170
Launching the jihad	p. 180
Recruitment to the QAP	p. 186
Boys of Riyadh	p. 186
The Afghanistan factor	p. 189
Anti-Americanism and companionship	p. 193
Persuasion, incrimination and protection	p. 196
The failure of the jihad in Arabia	p. 199
The aims of the QAP	p. 199
Evolution of the campaign	p. 202
Explaining the downfall of the QAP	p. 217
Conclusion	p. 227
Socio-economic data on Saudi militants	p. 239
Chronology of Islamist violence in Saudi Arabia, 1979-2009	p. 244
Bibliography	p. 250
Index	p. 277
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979

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