Just and Unjust Uses of Limited Force A Moral Argument with Contemporary Illustrations

Limited force is different than war: different in scope, strategic purpose, and ethical permissions and restraints. No-fly zones, limited strikes, Special Forces raids, and drone strikes outside 'hot' battlefield have been at the nexus of the moral and strategic debates about just war since the fall of the Berlin Wall but, with the exception of drones, these aspects of the modern arsenal have remained largely undertheorized.

Just and Unjust Uses of Limited Force fills that gap by revisiting the major wars animating contemporary just war scholarship (Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, the drone 'wars', and Libya) through the lens of limited force and drawing insights from the just war tradition. Looking at these contemporary examples, the book teases out an ethical account of force-short-of-war. It covers the deliberation about whether to use limited force (jus ad vim), restraints that govern its use (jus in vi), when to stop (jus ex vi), and the after-use context (jus post vim). While these moral categories parallel to some extent their just war counterparts of jus ad bellum, jus in bello, jus post bellum, and jus ex bello, the book illustrates how they can be reimagined and recalibrated in a limited force context, while also introducing new principles specific to the dilemmas associated with escalation and risk. As the argument unfolds, the reader will be presented with a view of limited force as a moral alternative to war, exposed to a series of dilemmas regarding when and how limited force is used, and provided with a more precise and morally enriched vocabulary to talk about limited force and the responsibilities its use entails.

Daniel Brunstetter, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of California, Irvine

Daniel Brunstetter is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Irvine. Daniel's work on just war thinking explores the history of the just war tradition and critically examines contemporary debates about the use of force. His works is published in Ethics & International Affairs, Journal of Military Ethics, Political Studies, Review of International Studies, International Journal of Human Rights, Peace Review and elsewhere. He is the author of Tensions of Modernity: Las Casas and His Legacy in the French Enlightenment (Routledge, 2012), and co-editor of two edited volumes that cover a variety of themes related to the ethics of war: The Ethics of War and Peace Revisited: Moral Challenges in an Era of Contested and Fragmented Sovereignty (Georgetown University Press, 2018) and Just War Thinkers: From Cicero to the 21st Century (Routledge, 2017).

Introduction
1. Blurring the Lines: Law Enforcement, Fractured Order, and Warlike Force
2. Limited Force and the Triumph, Crisis, and Schism of Just War Thinking
3. Imagining Jus Post Vim
4. Jus Ad Vim
5. The Probability of Escalation Principle
6. Jus In Vi
7. Jus Post Vim Revisited
Conclusion